Mini-plate fixation via sinus tarsi approach is superior to cannulated screw in intra-articular calcaneal fractures: A prospective randomized study

WOS: 000441599800001PubMed ID: 30101667Objective: Intra-articular displaced calcaneal fractures are common fractures and are often treated with surgical interventions. Sinus tarsi approach provides secure access to lateral wall and joint facets. The aim of the study is to compare cannulated screw (CS) fixation and mini-plate (MP) fixation via sinus tarsi approach with Sanders types 2 and 3 fracture of calcaneus. Methods: Sixty patients with Sanders types 2 and 3 calcaneal fracture underwent surgical intervention were randomly allocated into two groups as group MP fixation and group CS fixation regarding osteosynthesis method for 5-year period. Open reduction via sinus tarsi approach was performed in both groups. Demographic variables, time to surgery (TS), operation duration (OD), length of hospital stay (LOS), surgical complications, and reoperations were recorded. Pre- and postoperative Gissane and Bohler angles; calcaneal length, height, and width; ankle anterior-posterior (AP) and lateral X-rays; and computed tomography were also recorded for radiological evaluation and fracture characteristics. Maryland Foot Score (MFS) was used to evaluate functional outcomes. Results: Preoperative age, type of fracture, calcaneal length, height, and Gissane and Bohler angles, TS, LOS, and OD were not different between the groups. The postoperative calcaneal widening was significantly better restored in group MP compared with that of group CS. The incidence of reoperation and algoneurodystrophy was statistically higher in group CS than group MP. MFS in group MP was also higher than group CS at final visit. Conclusion: MP fixation via sinus tarsi approach is superior to CS fixation in Sanders types 2 and 3 calcaneal fractures

Hydrogen Evolution at Liquid–Liquid Interfaces

Blowing bubbles: Hydrogen evolution by proton reduction with [(C5Me5)2Fe] occurs at a soft interface between water and 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE). The reaction proceeds by proton transfer assisted by [(C5Me5)2Fe] across the water–DCE interface with subsequent proton reduction in DCE. The interface essentially acts as a proton pump, allowing hydrogen evolution by directly using the aqueous proton

Oxygen and proton reduction by decamethylferrocene in non-aqueous acidic media

Experimental studies and density functional theory (DFT) computations suggest that oxygen and proton reduction by decamethylferrocene (DMFc) in 1,2-dichloroethane involves protonated DMFc, DMFcH+, as an active intermediate species, producing hydrogen peroxide and hydrogen in aerobic and anaerobic conditions, respectively

Oxygen reduction by decamethylferrocene at liquid/liquid interfaces catalyzed by dodecylaniline

Molecular oxygen (O2) reduction by decamethylferrocene (DMFc) was investigated at a polarized water/ 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) interface. Electrochemical results point to a mechanism similar to the EC type reaction at the conventional electrode/solution interface, in which an assisted proton transfer (APT) by DMFc across the water/DCE interface via the formation of DMFcH+ corresponds to the electrochemical step and O2 reduction to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) represents the chemical step. The proton transfer step can also be driven using lipophilic bases such as 4-dodecylaniline. Finally, voltammetric data shows that lipophilic DMFc can also be extracted to the aqueous acidic phase to react homogeneously with oxygen

Host-Pathogen and Pest Interactions: Virus, Nematode, Viroid, Bacteria, and Pests in Tomato Cultivation

Several pathogens and pests damage tomato plants, and only one and/or more pathogens and pests can coexist in the same plant at the same time. As several numerous pathogens are found in the same plant, the damage to the tomato plants is higher. Pathogens such as nematodes, viruses, viroids, bacteria, and insects adversely affect the growth and development of tomato plants. They may infect roots or upper part of the plant and can cause not only slow down the growth of plants, but also crop losses and their death. Damaging of plant caused by pathogens and pests reduces the market value of plant products. Those pathogens and pests are also called biotic stress agents. The damage, mode of infection, and the mechanism of infection in each tomato plant and pathogens might be different. This situation is crucially important to understand plant pathogen relationship in detail in terms of controlling pests and pathogen. The effect of each pest/pathogen on tomato plants during the cultivation, the type of damage, and new developments and perspectives on morphological and molecular aspects in tomato-pathogen interactions will be discussed in this chapter

Monitoring of host suitability and defense-related genes in wheat to Bipolaris sorokiniana

Spot blotch caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana is a destructive disease of wheat worldwide. This study investigated the aggressiveness of B. sorokiniana isolates from different wheat-growing areas of Bolu province in Turkey on the cultivar Seri-82. Host susceptibility of 55 wheat cultivars was evaluated against the most aggressive isolate. Our results indicated that the cultivars Anafarta and Koç-2015 were the most resistant. A specific and sensitive qPCR assay was developed for detecting the pathogen in plant tissues and evaluating wheat plants with different resistance levels. Three primer sets, BsGAPDHF/BsGAPDHR, BsITSF/BsITSR, and BsSSUF/BsSSUR, were designed based on glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, internal transcribed spacers, and 18S rRNA loci of B. sorokiniana with detection limits of 1, 0.1, and 0.1 pg of pathogen DNA, respectively. The qPCR assay was highly sensitive and did not amplify DNA from the other closely related fungal species and host plants. The protocol differentiated wheat plants with varying degrees of resistance. The assay developed a useful tool for the quantification of the pathogen in the early stages of infection and may provide a significant contribution to a more efficient selection of wheat genotypes in breeding studies. In the present study, expression levels of PR proteins, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase enzymes were upregulated in Anafarta (resistant) and Nenehatun (susceptible) cultivars at different post-infection time points, but more induced in the susceptible cultivar. The results showed considerable variation in the expression levels and timing of defense genes in both cultivars

Oxygen reduction catalyzed by a fluorinated tetraphenylporphyrin free base at liquid/liquid interfaces

The diprotonated form of a fluorinated free base porphyrin, namely 5-(p-aminophenyl)-10,15,20-tris(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin (H(2)FAP), can catalyze the reduction of oxygen by a weak electron donor, namely ferrocene (Fc). At a water/1,2-dichloroethane interface, the interfacial formation of H(4)FAP(2+) is observed by UV-vis spectroscopy and ion-transfer voltammetry, due to the double protonation of H(2)FAP at the imino nitrogen atoms in the tetrapyrrole ring. H(4)FAP(2+) is shown to bind oxygen, and the complex in the organic phase can easily be reduced by Fc to produce hydrogen peroxide as studied by two-phase reactions with the Galvani potential difference between the two phases being controlled by the partition of a common ion. Spectrophotometric measurements performed in 1,2-dichloroethane solutions clearly evidence that reduction of oxygen by Fc catalyzed by H(4)FAP(2+) only occurs in the presence of the tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate (TB-) counteranion in the organic phase. Finally, ab initio computations support the catalytic activation of H(4)FAP(2+) on oxygen

Determınatıon of cereal cyst nematodes (heterodera avenae group.) on cereal fıelds ın eastern medıterranean and southeast anatolaıan regıons and ınvestıgatıon of some wheat genotypes resıstance aganıst to heterodera avenae (wollenweber, 1924).

TEZ9043Tez (Doktora) -- Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana, 2013.Kaynakça (s. 89-104) var.ix, 105 s. : res. ; 29 cm.This study was aimed to determine the identification of Cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera avenae group) species, investigation of intra and inter specific genetic similarities and determination of Cereal cyst nematode distribution and density on wheat growing area in the eastern Mediterranean and southeastern Anatolia regions. Additionally, the identification of Heterodera avenae' pathotype in -vitro conditions, investigation of its some biological characters, determination of some wheat genotype reactions against to H. avenae and the investigation of yield losses caused by H.avenae on different wheat genotypes in field conditions were also aimed. The study was carried out laboratory and field conditions between the years 2009-2013. The result of the study revealed that 52% of the Eastern Mediterranean and Southeastern Anatolia regions of wheat fields were infested by Cereal cyst nematodes; the most common species was found as H. avenae with 51% infestation rate, and H. latipons and H. filipjevi were followed 40% and 9% infestation rate, respectively. The intra and inter genotypic differences were found among the cereal cyst nematode populations, and H. avenae' pathotype obtained from the eastern Mediterranean region was determined as Ha21 pathotype under Ha1 group"". It was also determined that sandy soil was found as the most proper soil type for H. avenae reproduction; the most appropriate inoculum number was 2.5 second stage juveniles/g soil on inoculation to the same planting day; the most suitable hatching condition of juveniles was found from the two months pre- incubated cysts at +40C and then 191 to 221 days of incubation at 10 0C. Resistance gene, Cre1, was not show the entire effectiveness against to H. avenae; and from the local varieties, Adana99, Sorgül, Şırnak, Sogol Acırlı and some wild wheat forms were determined as moderately resistant. It was determined that the average yield losses caused by H. avenae were varied between 4.36 % and 25.7 % depending on wheat varieties in the field conditions.Bu çalışmada, Doğu Akdeniz ve Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgeleri buğday alanlarında Tahıl kist nematodu (Heterodera avenae group) türlerinin tanımlanması, tür içi ve türler arası kalıtsal benzerliklerinin araştırılması ile Tahıl kist nematodlarının yaygınlık ve yoğunluklarının tespiti amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca, Tahıl kist nematodu, Heterodera avenae'nin in -vitro koşullarda patotipinin belirlenmesi, bazı biyolojik özelliklerinin araştırılması ile bazı buğday genotiplerinin H. avenae karşı reaksiyonlarının tespiti ve H. avenae'nin tarla koşullarında farklı buğday çeşitlerinde meydana getirdiği ürün kaybının araştırılması hedeflenmiştir. Çalışma 2009-2013 yılları arasında laboratuar ve arazi çalışmaları olarak yürütülmüştür. Çalışma sonucunda Doğu Akdeniz ve Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgeleri buğday alanlarının % 52'sinin Tahıl kist nematodu ile bulaşık olduğu, en yaygın türün % 51 ile H. avenae olduğu, bunu sırasıyla % 40 ile H. latipons ve % 9 ile H. filipjevi'nin takip ettiği ortaya konmuştur. Tahıl kist nematodu popülasyonları arasında değişik tekrar oranlarında tür içi ve türler arası genotipik farklılıkların olduğu ve H. avenae'nin Doğu Akdeniz Bölgesi patotipinin ""Ha1 patotip"" grubuna bağlı ""Ha21"" olduğu saptanmıştır. H. avenae'nin üremesi için kumlu toprak tipinin uygun olduğu, nematodun bitkiye dikimle birlikte 2,5 adet ikinci dönem larva/g toprak yoğunluğunda inoküle edilmesi gerektiği, H. avenae yumurtalarından en uygun larva çıkışının 4oC' de iki ay süreyle, ön inkübasyonda bekletilen kistlerden, 10 0C'de 191-221 gün inkübasyonunda gerçekleştiği saptanmıştır. Dayanıklılık geni, Cre1 in H. avenae'ye karşı tam bir etkinliğe sahip olmadığı, yerel çeşitlerden Adana 99, Sorgül, Şırnak, Sogol Acırlı'nın ve bazı yabani buğday türlerinin nematoda karşı orta dayanıklı olduğu saptanmıştır. Tarla koşullarında ürün kaybına yönelik olarak yapılan denemelerde, H. Avenae kaynaklı ortalama ürün kaybının çeşitlere göre % 4.36% 25,7 arasında değiştiği tespit edilmiştir.Bu çalışma Ç.Ü. Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi tarafından desteklenmiştir. Proje No: ZF2010D4

Diyarbakır ili buğday, sebze ve bağ alanlarında önemli bitki paraziti nematod türlerinin belirlenmesi

TEZ6423Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana, 2007.Kaynakça (s.99-111) var.viii, 116 s. : rnk.res. ; 29 cm.In this study, plant parasitic species of Tylenchida, Dorylaimida and Aphelenchida (Nemata) in vegetable, wheat and grapevine fields in Diyarbakır province are examined. In 2005-2006, during the spring and summer months, when soil condition suitable, soil and plant root samples were taken, from these samples, nematodes were extracted, prepared, measured and identified. Identification, synonyms, possible variations, distribution and habitats of each species are given as a result of both laboratory studies and literature records, comperatively. A total of 23 species were determined of which species were 12 genus belonging to 10 subfamilies within 8 families of Tylenchoidea, Anguinoidea, Hoplolaimoidea, Dolichodoridea, Longidoridea and Aphelenchoidea, superfamilies of Tylenchina, Hoplolaimina, Dorylaimina and Aphelenchina suborders of Tylenchida, Aphelenchida and Dorylaimida orders. Among the species; Paratrophurus striatus and Pratylenchoides sheri are determined for the first time in the Nematoda fauna of Turkey. The most encountered species in this study are Merlinius brevidens; Helicotylenchus dihystera, Pratylenchoides alkani, Meloidogyne incognita, Pratylenchoides fallax; Xiphinema pachtaicum ve Aphelenchus avenae which are belonged to the orders of Tylenchida, Dorylaimida and Aphelenchida.Bu çalısmada Diyarbakır ili bugday, sebze ve bag alanlarında bulunan Tylenchida, Aphelenchida ve Dorylaimida (Nemata) takımlarına ait bitki paraziti nematod türlerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıstır. Bu kapsamda, 2005-2006 yıllarında bitki gruplarına göre degismekle birlikte toprak kosullarının uygun oldugu ilkbahar ve yaz aylarında toprak ve kök örnekleri alınmıstır. Alınan toprak ve kök örneklerinden elde edilen nematodların daimi preparatları hazırlanarak, ölçüm ve teshisleri yapılmıstır. Tespit edilen türlerin tanımı, sinonimleri, görülen varyasyonlar, çalısma kapsamına giren alanlardaki yayılısı, literatürde kayıtlı yayılısı ve habitatları verilmistir. Çalısmanın sonucunda Tylenchida, Aphelenchida ve Dorylaimida takımlarının Tylenchina, Hoplolaimina, Dorylaimina ve Aphelenchina alttakımlarına baglı Tylenchoidea, Anguinoidea, Hoplolaimoidea, Dolichodoridea, Longidoridea ve Aphelenchoidea üst familyalarından 8 familya, 10 alt familya ve 12 cins'e baglı 23 tür saptanmıstır. Tespit edilen türlerden;. Paratrophurus striatus ve Pratylenchoides sheri Türkiye nematod faunası için yeni kayıt niteligindedir. Çalısmada Tylenchida, Dorylaimida ve Aphelenchida takımlarından saptanan en yaygın türler Merlinius brevidens; Helicotylenchus dihystera, Pratylenchoides alkani, Meloidogyne incognita, Pratylenchoides fallax; Xiphinema pachtaicum ve Aphelenchus avenae olarak tespit edilmistir.Bu çalışma Ç.Ü. Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi Tarafından Desteklenmiştir. Proje No:ZF2006YL10

Bolu İli Patates Üretim Alanlarında Bitki Paraziti Nematodların Belirlenmesi

Patates (Solanum tuberosum L.) dünyada insan beslenmesinde kullanılmak amacıyla yetiştiriciliği yapılan önemli tarımsal ürünlerden biri olup, başta bitki paraziti nematodlar (BPN) olmak üzere, birçok biyotik faktör patates yetiştiriciliğini önemli ölçüde sınırlandırmaktadır. Bu çalışma, Bolu ili patates üretim alanlarında patateste zararlı nematodların belirlenmesi amacıyla 2014-2016 yılları arasında yürütülmüştür. Çalışma sonucunda, Kök yara nematodları Pratylenchus spp. %52.5 oranla patates üretim alanlarında en fazla bulunan nematod olarak tespit edilmiştir. Kist nematodu, Globodera spp. %35, Kök-ur nematodu Meloidogyne spp. ise %20 oranında bulunmuş olup, münavebenin yapılmadığı lokasyonlarda bitki paraziti nematodların bulunma oranları: Ditylenchus %62,5 Geocenamus spp. %50, Helicotylenchus spp. or Rotylenchus spp. %40, for Paratylenchus ve Amplimerlinus spp. %30, Pratylenchoides spp. ve Tylenchorhynchus spp. %9 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Survey sonuçları, Bolu ili patates yetiştiriciliği yapılan alanlarda bitki paraziti nematodların yüksek yoğunlukta bulunduğu ve ekonomik ürün kayıplarına neden olabilecek potansiyele sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu nedenle, Bolu ili patates üretim alanlarında bitki paraziti nematodların yaygınlık ve yoğunluğunu belirlemek amacıyla daha kapsamlı surveylerin yapılması, patateste zararlı nematodların, özellikle Globodera spp., Meloidogyne spp. ve Pratylenchus spp. türlerinin teşhislerinin yapılması gerekmektedir