Xylanase Production by Fusarium Solani in Solid State Fermentation

Xylanase constitute one of the most important groups of enzymes for commercial use. In the present study, production of xylanase was enhanced using a newly isolated F. solani SyrN7 strain from infected wheat seeds via solid state fermentation (SSF) using wheat bran as substrate. Optimum pH and temperature for enzyme production were found to be 8 and 25 °C, respectively. The wheat bran to mineral solution ratios were tested. The ratio 1:3 (w/v) yielded the highest xylanase production. Among the different nitrogen sources investigated, yeast extract was the best nitrogen source and gave the highest xylanase activity (1593 U/g). The cultivation systems can easily be modified with the above tested features and enhanced the xylanase yield by 3-fold

Pospješivanje proizvodnje ksilanaze submerznim uzgojem nitaste gljive Cochliobolus sativus

The xylanase production by a new Cochliobolus sativus Cs5 strain was improved under submerged fermentation. The xylanase was induced by xylan and repressed by glucose, sucrose, maltose, xylose, starch and cellulose. Highest enzyme production (98.25 IU/mL) was recorded when wheat straw (4 % by mass per volume) was used as a carbon source after 120 h of incubation. NaNO3 increased xylanase production 5.4-fold as compared to the control. Optimum initial pH was found to be 4.5 to 5. The C. sativus Cs5 strain grown under submerged culture in a simple medium proved to be a promising microorganism for xylanase production.Submerznim uzgojem novog soja nitaste gljive Cochliobolus sativus Cs5 poboljšana je proizvodnja ksilanaze, potaknuta ksilanom, a potisnuta glukozom, saharozom, maltozom, ksilozom, škrobom i celulozom. Upotrebom pšenične slame (4 %, m/V) kao izvora ugljika, nakon 120 sati inkubacije postignuta je najveća proizvodnja enzima (98,25 IU/mL). Dodatak NaNO3 povećao je proizvodnju ksilanaze 5,4 puta u usporedbi s kontrolnim uzorkom. Optimalna početna pH-vrijednost bila je od 4,5 do 5. Utvrđeno je da se za proizvodnju ksilanaze odlično može upotrijebiti soj C. sativus Cs5, submerzno uzgojen u podlozi jednostavnog sastava

Studies on the interaction between ciprofloxacin hydrochloride and diclofenac sodium

Purpose: To study the interaction between ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (Cipro) and diclofenac sodium (DS) in the presence and absence of metal ions.Methods: Complexes were prepared in the aqueous phase at different molar ratios (r) of Cipro:DS (ranged from 0.2 – 2.0). The complexes were characterized by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Their properties, i.e., solubility, dissolution and partition coefficient (log P), were studied along with their permeability across Caco-2 cells. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity of Cipro and its complexes was determined using standard broth dilution method and expressed as minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC).Results: Cipro formed an ion pair with DS. The product was confirmed to be a combination of the two drugs, DS and Cipro, but in a ratio that is dependent on the added amounts of each component (r = 1:1 or 1:2). The 1:1 product was more lipophilic than the individual components leading to a lower aqueous solubility and a higher octanol/water partition coefficient log P (6.7 vs. 0.77). The presence of DS within the dissolution medium appeared to modify the dissolution of Cipro depending on the concentration. Moreover, ternary complexes involving Cipro, DS and metal ions (iron and/or calcium) exhibited improved antimicrobial effect (MIC, 0.016 μg/ml compared to 0.258 μg/ml for Cipro). Caco-2 cell permeation data indicate that the presence of DS significantly improved the apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) of Cipro (20.6 × 10-6 cm/s) which was three times higher than that of free Cipro (p < 0.05). DS also appeared to counteract the well-known negative effect of metal ions on the bioavailability of Cipro.Conclusion: There is a clinically relevant interaction between DS and Cipro at the absorption level as a result of ion pair formation, which might even counteract the negative effect of metals on the absorption of Cipro. These findings should aid the design of new Cipro ion pairs that provide higher bioavailability than free Cipro.Keywords: Ciprofloxacin, Diclofenac, Interaction, Ion pair, Permeability coefficient, Bioavailability, Absorptio

Pospješivanje proizvodnje ksilanaze submerznim uzgojem nitaste gljive Cochliobolus sativus

The xylanase production by a new Cochliobolus sativus Cs5 strain was improved under submerged fermentation. The xylanase was induced by xylan and repressed by glucose, sucrose, maltose, xylose, starch and cellulose. Highest enzyme production (98.25 IU/mL) was recorded when wheat straw (4 % by mass per volume) was used as a carbon source after 120 h of incubation. NaNO3 increased xylanase production 5.4-fold as compared to the control. Optimum initial pH was found to be 4.5 to 5. The C. sativus Cs5 strain grown under submerged culture in a simple medium proved to be a promising microorganism for xylanase production.Submerznim uzgojem novog soja nitaste gljive Cochliobolus sativus Cs5 poboljšana je proizvodnja ksilanaze, potaknuta ksilanom, a potisnuta glukozom, saharozom, maltozom, ksilozom, škrobom i celulozom. Upotrebom pšenične slame (4 %, m/V) kao izvora ugljika, nakon 120 sati inkubacije postignuta je najveća proizvodnja enzima (98,25 IU/mL). Dodatak NaNO3 povećao je proizvodnju ksilanaze 5,4 puta u usporedbi s kontrolnim uzorkom. Optimalna početna pH-vrijednost bila je od 4,5 do 5. Utvrđeno je da se za proizvodnju ksilanaze odlično može upotrijebiti soj C. sativus Cs5, submerzno uzgojen u podlozi jednostavnog sastava

The effects of progesterone administration in mice during pregnancy on ovarian development and anogenital distance of the offspring

Background: Progesterone is highly used in pregnant women as therapeutic agent to maintain and support pregnancy. Objective: To explore the effects of progesterone usage allover gestation till 7days postnatally on mice offspring ovaries development and anogenital distance. Material and methods: Ten pregnant mice were equally divide into control group that was injected with sesame oil which is used as a solvent for progesterone and treated group that is daily intraperitoneally injected with progesterone (dissolved in sesame oil 1:10) at dose 10.2mg/kg (the equivalent human dose) all through gestation till7day postnatal then sacrificed and measuring the anogenital distance (the distance between anus and genital papilla). Histological slides were prepared and Diameters of the ovary, primary oocyte and primordial follicles were measured and histopathological changes analysis was done. Result: Progesterone administration cause significant increment (p>0-05) in anogenital distance, significant decrement in primary oocyte diameter and primordial follicle diameter, with no significant difference in the ovary diameter. Histopathological changes were seen as hemorrhage, detachment of follicular cells from basement membrane with irregular arrangement and thickening or death of follicular cells, pyknosis of primary oocytes and vacculation. Stromal cells degeneration. Conclusion: The current study revealed that progesterone injection of mice with equivalent human dose during pregnancy is embryotoxic and teratogenic, may alter the female reproductive performance with virilizing the female genitalia. The benefit of progesterone as a therapies need to be proven before recommended as supportive treatment during pregnancy