KONSTRUKSI SOSIAL HIJAB SYAR’I DALAM PEMBENTUKAN IDENTITAS SOSIAL KEAGAMAAN Studi Kasus Lembaga Dakwah Kampus Sahabat Muslim dan 3 Mahasiswi Muslimah Universitas Negeri Jakarta

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan tentang proses konstruksi sosial hijab syar‟i. Serta menjelaskan peran LDK SALIM sebagai kelompok keagamaan dalam sosialisasi hijab syar‟i di kampus Universitas Negeri Jakarta. Melalui program LDK SALIM UNJ seperti: mentoring, media massa dan kegiatan kemuslimahan yaitu: MUQTI (Muslimah Quality Time), GEMES (Gerakan Menghias Syar‟i) dan Stand Hijab. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metodenaratif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi, studi pustaka dan triangulasi data. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari informan kunci dan informan pendukung. Informan kunci dalam penelitian ini sebanyak tiga orang yang merupakan mahasiswi muslimah UNJ perwakilan tiga fakultas yaitu FIS, FIP dan FMIPA. Informan pendukung sebanyak tiga orang yang terdiri dari ketua (mas‟ul), kaput (mas‟ulah) dan kepala departemen (kadept) kemuslimahan LDK SALIM UNJ. Jumlah seluruh informan yang diwawancarai sebanyak enam orang. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan terdapat tiga fungsi sosial hijab syar‟i yang dirasakan oleh muslimah UNJ. Pertama fungsi hijab syar‟i sebagai sarana edukatif. Kedua fungsi hijab syar‟i sebagai kontrol sosial dan ketiga hijab syar‟i sebagai sarana eksistensi. Hal itu dikonstruksikan berdasarkan anomie individu terhadap realitas yang ada sehingga memunculkan struktur subyektif. Al Qur‟an sebagai kosmos sakral menjadi acuan dasar dalam gerakan keagamaan yang dilakukan LDK SALIM UNJ dan Departemen Kemuslimahan (eksternalisasi). Lalu dilanjutkan menjadi struktur obyektif pada transfer pengetahuan (obyektivasi) pada program kemuslimahan yaitu MUQTI, GEMES dan Stand Hijabterhadap simbol- simbol dan bahasa yang dikomunikasikan. Kemudian mengidentifikasikan individu(internalisasi) sebagai bagian dari identitas sosial keagamaan. Melalui gerakan tarbiyah dalam rangka pembinaan muslimah UNJ. This study aims to explain the process of social construction of hijab syar'i. As well as, it describes about the role of LDK SALIM as a religious group in the socialization of hijab syar'i in the State University of Jakarta. Through programs of the LDK SALIM UNJ, such as: mentoring, mass media and Muslimah activities, namely: MUQTI (Muslim Quality Time), GEMES (Gerakan Menghias Syar'i) and Stand Hijab. This study used a qualitative approach with the narrative method. Data collection techniques were used observation, interviews, documentation, literature and triangulation data. Subjects consisted of key informants and informant support. In this study, the key informants were three respondents who are UNJ muslimah students as representatives of three faculties in FIS, FIP and FMIPA. Informants supporting as many as three people consisting of a chairman (mas'ul), muslimah leader (mas'ulah) and heads of the department (kadept) kemuslimahan LDK SALIM UNJ. The total number of informants who were interviewed as many as six people. Based on the research results, there are three social functions hijab syar'i that is perceived by Muslim UNJ. The first function of the hijab syar'i as an educational tool. Second functions hijab syar'i as social control and the third hijab syar'i as a means of existence. It was constructed by anomie individual against existing realities that led to a subjective structure. Al Quran as sacred cosmos became basic references in religious movements of LDK SALIM UNJ and Department Kemuslimahan (externalization). Then, it proceeds into the structure of the objective based on the transfer of knowledge (objective) in kemuslimahan program such as MUQTI, GEMES and Stand Hijab toward the symbols and language which are communicated. Then, it identifies the individual (internalization) as part of the socio-religious identity. Through, tarbiyah concepts in order to develop UNJ Muslim

Quantification of bone histomorphometric parameters using the Weibel technique in animals

Bone histomorphometric measurements are required to understand the efficacy of treatment on bone remodelling. Previous studies used the Weibel technique as a quantitative stereological method to determine bone cellular and dynamic changes. However, there was no description on how this technique was applied. This studyaimed to provide a full picture about the utilization of the Weibel technique to measure static and dynamic bone histomorphometric indices. Technical expertise, processing of bone samples, randomization of the trabecular sections and an adequate number of analysed images for each section are required to achieve reliable results with a low possibility of errors

Leptin, adiponectin and insulin as regulators for energy metabolism in a rat model of metabolic syndrome

Leptin, adiponectin, and insulin are pivotal regulators for lipid and glucose metabolism. This study aimed to investigate the changes in these hormones in a rat model of metabolic syndrome (MetS) induced by high-carbohydrate high-fat (HCHF) diet. Twelve-week-old male Wistar rats were divided into two experimental groups. The normal group was given standard rat chow with tap water. The HCHF group was given HCHF diet with 25% fructose-supplemented drinking water to induce MetS. Body composition of the animals was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Blood was collected at week 0, 8, 12, and 16 for the measurement of blood glucose and hormone levels. Our findings demonstrated that HCHF diet significantly increased fat mass, percentage of fat, and decreased lean mass in the animals starting from week 8. The levels of blood glucose, leptin, and insulin were significantly higher but the level of adiponectin was significantly lower in the HCHF rats compared to the normal rats. In conclusion, hormones play a key underlying role in regulating lipid and glucose metabolism in MetS

The Anti-Inflammatory Role of Vitamin E in Prevention of Osteoporosis

There is growing evidence that inflammation may be one of the causal factors of osteoporosis. Several cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, RANKL, OPG, and M-CSF were implicated in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. These cytokines are important determinants of osteoclast differentiation and its bone resorptive activity. Anticytokine therapy using cytokine antagonists such as IL-receptor antagonist and TNF-binding protein was able to suppress the activity of the respective cytokines and prevent bone loss. Several animal studies have shown that vitamin E in the forms of palm-derived tocotrienol and α-tocopherol may prevent osteoporosis in rat models by suppressing IL-1 and IL-6. Free radicals are known to activate transcription factor NFκB which leads to the production of bone resorbing cytokines. Vitamin E, a potent antioxidant, may be able to neutralise free radicals before they could activate NFκB, therefore suppressing cytokine production and osteoporosis. Vitamin E has also been shown to inhibit COX-2, the enzyme involved in inflammatory reactions. Of the two types of vitamin E studied, tocotrienol seemed to be better than tocopherol in terms of its ability to suppress bone-resorbing cytokines

The Role of Vitamin E in Preventing and Treating Osteoarthritis – A Review of the Current Evidence

Osteoarthritis is a debilitating disease of the joint involving cartilage degeneration and chondrocytes apoptosis. Oxidative stress is one of the many proposed mechanisms underpinning joint degeneration in osteoarthritis. The current pharmacotherapies emphasize pain and symptomatic management of the patients but do not alter the biological processes underlying the cartilage degeneration. Vitamin E is a potential agent to prevent or treat osteoarthritis due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. This review aims to summarize the current evidence on the relationship between vitamin E and osteoarthritis derived from preclinical and human studies. Cellular studies showed that vitamin E mitigated oxidative stress in cartilage explants or chondrocyte culture invoked by mechanical stress or free radicals. Animal studies suggested that vitamin E treatment prevented cartilage degeneration and improve oxidative status in animal models of osteoarthritis. Low circulating or synovial vitamin E was observed in human osteoarthritic patients compared to healthy controls. Observational studies also demonstrated that vitamin E was related to induction or progression of osteoarthritis in the general population. Vitamin E supplementation might improve the outcomes in patients with osteoarthritis, but negative results were also reported. Different isomers of vitamin E might possess distinct anti-osteoarthritic effects. As a conclusion, vitamin E may retard the progression of osteoarthritis by ameliorating oxidative stress and inflammation of the joint. Further studies are warranted to develop vitamin E as an anti-osteoarthritis agent to reduce the global burden of this disease

The Potential Role of Quercus Infectoria Gall Extract on Osteoblast Function and Bone Metabolism

The galls of the Quercus infectoria (QI) tree are traditionally believed to have great medicinal value. Pharmacologically the galls are claimed to have various biological activities such as astringent effect, antidiabetic, antitremorine, local anaesthetic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral and many more. These pharmacological activities of gall extracts were reported to be due to its excellent antioxidant activity with phytochemicals constituents of phenolic and flavanoid compounds. The phenolic compounds or polyphenols can act on bone metabolism by modulating os-teoblast proliferation, differentiation and mineralization, as well as osteoclastogenesis. In addition, elemental and phys-ico-chemical analysis indicated the presence of important minerals in QI, such as calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, oxygen, potassium, aluminium, carbon, zinc, iron, manganese, nickel and silica. The current review will be focusing on the potential bone health benefits of the well-known traditional herbal medicine, QI or locally known as the “manja-kani”

The influence of age, ethnicity and body anthropometry on the level of serum osteocalcin and terminal-c telopeptides of type I collagen in men

Bone turnover markers (BTMs) are useful in the assessment of bone health status. However, the infl uence of age, ethnicity and body anthropometry on the level of BTMs in men remains understudied. This study aimed to determine the influence of these factors on the level of BTM, namely osteoclacin (OC) and C-terminal telopeptides of type 1 collagen (CTX-1) among Malay and Chinese men (N = 407) aged 20 years and above in Klang Valley. The subjects were recruited using purposive sampling method. Their height, body weight and body mass index were measured. Their blood was collected in the morning for serum OC and CTX-1 analysis using enzyme-linked immunoasorbent assays. Results showed that OC and CTX-1 levels were significantly higher in Malay compared to Chinese men (p 0.005). There were significant and negative correlations between OC and body mass index and weight, which were significant for men aged 20-39 years only (p 0.05). As a conclusion, levels of BTMs in Malaysian men could be infl uenced by age, ethnicity and body anthropometry. Thus, these factors should be taken into consideration in the evaluation of bone health status of men using BTMs

Serum testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin and total calcium levels predict the calcaneal speed of sound in men

OBJECTIVES: Variations in sex hormones and the calcium balance can influence bone health in men. The present study aimed to examine the relationship between the calcaneal speed of sound and biochemical determinants of bone mass, such as sex hormones, parathyroid hormones and serum calcium. METHODS: Data from 549 subjects from the Malaysian Aging Male Study, which included Malay and Chinese men aged 20 years and older residing in the Klang Valley, were used for analysis. The subjects' calcaneal speed of sound was measured, and their blood was collected for biochemical analysis. Two sets of multiple regression models were generated for the total/bioavailable testosterone and estradiol to avoid multicollinearity. RESULTS: The multiple regression results revealed that bioavailable testosterone and serum total calcium were significant predictors of the calcaneal speed of sound in the adjusted model. After adjustment for ethnicity and body mass index, only bioavailable testosterone remained significant; the total serum calcium was marginally insignificant. In a separate model, the total testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin were significant predictors, whereas the total serum calcium was marginally insignificant. After adjustment for ethnicity and body mass index (BMI), the significance persisted for total testosterone and SHBG. After further adjustment for age, none of the serum biochemical determinants was a significant predictor of the calcaneal speed of sound. CONCLUSION: There is a significant age-dependent relationship between the calcaneal speed of sound and total testosterone, bioavailable testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin in Chinese and Malay men in Malaysia. The relationship between total serum calcium and calcaneal speed of sound is ethnicity-dependent

Effects of Tocotrienol and Lovastatin Combination on Osteoblast and Osteoclast Activity in Estrogen-Deficient Osteoporosis

Statins are HMGCoA reductase inhibitors and had been demonstrated to stimulate bone formation in rodents after high oral doses. Observational studies on patients treated with oral statins were varied. Delta-tocotrienol had been found to stimulate the cleavage of HMGCoA reductase and inhibit its activity. Tocotrienols were found to have both catabolic and anabolic effects on bone in different animal models of osteoporosis. The current study aimed to ascertain the effects of delta–tocotrienol and lovastatin combination on biochemical and static bone histomorphometric parameters in a postmenopausal rat model at clinically tolerable doses. 48 Sprague Dawley female rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: (1) baseline control group; (2) sham-operated control group; (3) ovariectomised control group; (4) ovariectomised and 11 mg/kg lovastatin; (5) ovariectomised and 60 mg/kg delta-tocotrienol; (6) ovariectomised and 60 mg/kg delta-tocotrienol + 11 mg/kg lovastatin. These treatments were given daily via oral gavage for 8 weeks. Delta-tocotrienol plus lovastatin treatment significantly increased bone formation and reduced bone resorption compared to the other groups. Therefore, the combined treatment may have synergistic or additive effects and have the potential to be used as an antiosteoporotic agent in patients who are at risk of both osteoporosis and hypercholesterolemia, especially in postmenopausal women