18 research outputs found
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Transverse field-induced nucleation pad switching modes during domain wall injection
We have used magnetic transmission soft X-ray microscopy (M-TXM) to image in-field magnetization configurations of patterned Ni80F20 domain wall "nucleation pads" with attached planar nanowires. Comparison with micromagnetic simulations suggests that the evolution of magnetic domains in rectangular injection pads depends on the relative orientation of closure domains in the remanent state. The magnetization reversal pathway is altered by the inclusion of transverse magnetic fields. These different modes explain previous results of domain wall injection into nanowires
Direct imaging of domain-wall interactions in Ni80Fe20 planar nanowires
We have investigated magnetostatic interactions between domain walls in Ni80Fe20 planar nanowires using magnetic soft x-ray microscopy and micromagnetic simulations. In addition to significant monopole-like attraction and repulsion effects we observe that there is coupling of the magnetization configurations of the walls. This is explained in terms of an interaction energy that depends not only on the distance between the walls, but also upon their internal magnetization structure
Retained austenite: transformation-induced plasticity
The deformation-induced phase transformation of metastable austenite to martensite is accompanied by macroscopic plastic strain and results in significant work hardening and the delayed onset of necking. Steels that exhibit such transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) effect possess high strength-ductility ratios and improved toughness. Since the stability of the retained austenite (RA) phase is the rate controlling mechanism for the TRIP effect, the factors affecting the chemical and mechanical stability of RA in CMnSi TRIP steels are discussed. It was suggested that chemical stability plays a more important role at low strains, whereas other factors become responsible for RA behavior at higher strains. The importance of optimizing the processing parameters to achieve the desirable level of austenite stability is highlighted. Finally, the influence of mechanical testing conditions and the interaction between the phases during tensile testing are also detailed
Development of a leafy Brassica rapa fixed line collection for genetic diversity and population structure analysis
Brassica rapa is an economically important crop with a wide range of morphologies. Developing a set of fixed lines and understanding their diversity has been challenging, but facilitates resource conservation. We investigated the genetic diversity and population structure of 238 fixed lines of leafy B. rapa with 45 new simple sequence repeat markers and 109 new NGS (next-generation sequencing)-generated single nucleotide polymorphism markers evenly distributed throughout the B. rapa genome. Phylogenetic analysis classified the vegetable fixed lines into four subgroups, with the three oil types forming a separate and relatively distant cluster. A model-based population structure analysis identified four subpopulations corresponding to geographical origins and morphological traits, and revealed extensive allelic admixture. In particular, the Chinese cabbage cluster was subdivided into three groups and showed considerable correlation with leaf- and heading-related traits (leaf and heading shape). The vegetable B. rapa fixed lines successfully developed in our study could be valuable materials for establishing a multinational Brassica rapa diversity resource. Understanding the genetic diversity and population structure could be useful for utilization of the representative genetic variation and further genomic analysis
Pan-Asian adapted ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for the diagnosis, staging and treatment of patients with metastatic breast cancer
The most recent version of the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) Clinical Practice Guidelines for the diagnosis, staging and treatment of patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) was published in 2021. A special, hybrid guidelines meeting was convened by ESMO and the Korean Society of Medical Oncology (KSMO) in collaboration with nine other Asian national oncology societies in May 2022 in order to adapt the ESMO 2021 guidelines to take into account the differences associated with the treatment of MBC in Asia. These guidelines represent the consensus opinions reached by a panel of Asian experts in the treatment of patients with MBC representing the oncological societies of China (CSCO), India (ISMPO), Indonesia (ISHMO), Japan (JSMO), Korea (KSMO), Malaysia (MOS), the Philippines (PSMO), Singapore (SSO), Taiwan (TOS) and Thailand (TSCO). The voting was based on the best available scientific evidence and was independent of drug access or practice restrictions in the different Asian countries. The latter were discussed when appropriate. The aim of these guidelines is to provide guidance for the harmonisation of the management of patients with MBC across the different regions of Asia, drawing from data provided by global and Asian trials whilst at the same time integrating the differences in genetics, demographics and scientific evidence, together with restricted access to certain therapeutic strategies.Y
Controlling depinning and propagation of single domain-walls in magnetic microwires
The magnetization reversal in magnetostrictive amorphous microwires takes place by
depinning and propagation of a single domain wall. This is a consequence of the particular
domain structure determined by the strong uniaxial anisotropy from the reinforcement of
magnetoelastic and shape contributions. In the present study, after an overview on the
current state-of-the art on the topic, we introduce the general behaviour of single walls
in 30 to 40 cm long Fe-base microwires propagating under homogeneous field. Depending on
the way the walls are generated, we distinguish among three different walls namely,
standard wall, DWst, depinned and propagating
from the wire’s end under homogeneous field which motion is the first one to switch on;
reverse wall, DWrev, propagating from the
opposite end under non-homogeneous field, and defect wall,
DWdef, nucleated around local defect.
Both, DWrev and
DWdef are observed only under large
enough applied field. In the subsequent section, we study the propagation of a wall under
applied field smaller than the switching field. There, we conclude that a minimum field,
Hdep,0, is needed to depin the
DWst, as well as that a minimum field,
Hprop,0, is required for the wall to
propagate long distances. In the last section, we analyse the shape of induced signals in
the pickup coils upon the crossing of the walls and its correlation to the domain walls
shape. We conclude that length and shape of the wall are significantly distorted by the
fact that the wall is typically as long as the measuring coils