System relations in Russian vocabulary as a reflection of the mechanism of knowledge categorization

The article examines the issues of systemic semantic organization of vocabulary from the point of view of how they reflect the principles of categorization of knowledge about reality. Different principles that underlie the systemic organization of semantic paradigms of different types are shown. Some principles of categorization are reflected in the semantic structure of a single word, as well as a specific paradigm that captures the result of categorization of one fragment of reality. It is shown that the principles of knowledge categorization in this case reflect the objective features of the denotation in its perception by consciousness. Other principles of knowledge categorization are revealed when comparing different types of semantic paradigms (lexical-semantic group, lexical-semantic field, associative-semantic field, derivational-semantic field), including those that categorize knowledge about the same denotative field. The principles of categorization, identified on the basis of a comparison of interword semantic relations within the framework of paradigms of different types, are to a greater extent universal and relate to the cognition of any or many denotative areas. A comparison of relationships between lexical units in different types of semantic paradigms confirms the fact of multiple categorization of knowledge about the same reality as a principle of categorization of knowledge about the world. This conclusion follows from the picture of multiple intersections of different types of paradigms, which include the same lexical units. Comparison of systemic organization of semantic paradigms of different types more fully reveals the mechanism of systematizing activity of consciousness – categorization and conceptualization of knowledge in the world picture of linguistic community

Communicative activity of women in the groups with different levels of reproductive health

Careful attention to the information component of the complex interactions of public health and modern medical and social environment is caused by appearance new methodological possibilities of sociology of medicine, an important section of which is the study of communicative activity of patients. Our work was focused at women of reproductive age with different levels of reproductive health. The data obtained revealed that the dimensions of the communicative field of reproductive age women are directly dependent on the level of gynecological diseases. The extension of the communicative field in women having 2 or more gynecological nosological forms was observed as compared with healthy women were in such a communicative channels as "Teachers" and "Health professionals"; and channel "Other members of the opposite sex" was narrowed

Experience of polyart education of children of different categories

The research is relevant due to the necessity to provide a high level of children and youth aesthetic education, continuous comprehensive artistic education can be one of the tools of aesthetic education. This article aims to uncover the polyart education efficiency for children of different categories. The leading approach of the research is the system approach that results in the analysis of the existed scientific works and educational programs oriented to the comprehensive aesthetic education of children of different categories, experience generalization, and problem identification with the aim to design and provide complete continuous polyart educational process. Scientific arguments for the pedagogical efficiency of polyart education of different children including children with special educational needs are given in this article; the arguments are based on the analysis of the existent works on the topic of the research, experience and the author's alternative variant of the continuous artistic development, during which the project-based learning is preferably used. Research materials can be useful for teachers who teach art at preschool educational institutions, general education and special schools, cultural institutions. © 2016, Gokkusagi LTD. STI. All rights reserved

The Cognitive Aspect of the Genesis of Intellectual Metaphors

The article was submitted on 06.11.2022.Статья посвящена выявлению и интерпретации генезиса когнитивной метафоры сенсорное восприятие объекта – понимание объекта, которая относится к ключевым средствам концептуализации интеллектуальной деятельности. Этот объект рассматривается с точки зрения взаимодействия ментальных и языковых единиц. Отражение процесса понимания в сознании интерпретируется с использованием понятия концепта сценарного типа, представляющего собой гештальт. В ходе исследования применялась комплексная методология, включающая методы концептологического моделирования, компонентного и контекстуального анализа. Комплексная методология позволила осмыслить происхождение когнитивной метафоры с учетом роли восприятия, отраженного в структуре гештальта сценарного типа, в отборе языковых средств для обозначения процесса познания в речи. Установлено, что в качестве способов обозначения процесса и результата познания широко представлены две ментальные модели: метонимическая модель сенсорное восприятие объекта – понимание объекта и метафорическая модель сенсорное восприятие объекта – понимание объекта. Метонимическая модель отражает отношения смежности между сенсорным восприятием как начальным этапом познания и процессом познания в целом и представляет собой сценарную разновидность лексической метонимии. Основной результат исследования заключается в установлении того, что образованию когнитивной метафоры предшествует этап метонимического отождествления сенсорного этапа познания и всего процесса познания в целом, включая этап интеллектуального акта понимания объекта. Следовательно, метонимическое отождествление сенсорного и интеллектуального этапов познания обеспечивает условия для их сравнения, «создания» сходства между ними в результате сравнения и тем самым предопределяет возникновение когнитивной метафоры сенсорное восприятие объекта - понимание объекта. Выявлена специфическая особенность когнитивной метафоры, отличающая ее от других метафорических типов, – регулярная корреляция с одноименной метонимической моделью, также массово рас-пространенной в данной денотативной сфере. Дискурсивный аспект рассмотрения метонимической и метафорической одноименных ментальных моделей, объединяющих одни и те же компоненты (сенсорное восприятие объекта и понимание объекта), позволил установить наличие зоны переходности между метонимическими и метафорическими выражениями, в которой метонимия и метафора не поддаются четкой дифференциации.This article identifies and interprets the genesis of the “sensory perception of an object – understanding an object” cognitive metaphor, which is a key means of conceptualising intellectual activity. This object is considered from the point of view of the interaction of mental and linguistic units. The reflection of the process of understanding in consciousness is interpreted using the concept of a scenario-type concept, which is gestalt. The study uses a complex methodology such as methods of conceptological modeling, component, and contextual analysis. The complex methodology makes it possible to comprehend the origin of the cognitive metaphor considering the role of perception reflected in the structure of the scenario-type gestalt and the selection of linguistic means to denote the process of cognition in speech. The author demonstrates that two mental models are widely represented as ways of designating the process and the result of cognition: the metonymic model of sensory perception of an object – understanding of the object and the metaphorical model of sensory perception of an object – understanding of the object. The metonymic model reflects the relationship of contiguity between sensory perception as the initial stage of cognition and the cognitive process as a whole and is a scenario type of lexical metonymy. The author establishes that the formation of a cognitive metaphor is preceded by the metonymic identification of the sensory stage of cognition and the entire process of cognition including the intellectual act of understanding the object. Consequently, the metonymic identification of the sensory and intellectual stages of cognition provides conditions for their comparison, “creating” similarities between them as a result of the comparison and thereby predetermines the emergence of the cognitive metaphor of sensory perception of an object – understanding of an object. The author reveals a specific feature of the cognitive metaphor that distinguishes it from other metaphorical types, i. e. a regular correlation with the metonymic model of the same name, which is also widespread in this denotative sphere. The discursive aspect of considering the metonymic and metaphorical mental models of the same name that combine the same components (sensory perception of the object and understanding of the object) makes it possible to establish the presence of a transition zone between metonymic and metaphorical expressions, in which metonymy and metaphor cannot be told apart unambiguously

Financial and economic mechanisms of promoting innovative activity in the context of the digital economy formation

International audienceThe paper analyzes some financial, tax, information, communication, infrastructural, technological and organizational mechanisms of innovative activity promotion in conditions of transition to a digital economy. End-to-end technologies including "Big Data", "New Production Technologies", "Quantum Technologies", "Technologies of Virtual and Augmented Realities", the possibilities of their application in various sectors of the national economy were singled out and analyzed. The role of end-to-end technologies in the development of the Russian economy and promotion of innovative activities of companies was studied. A comparative analysis of the main indicators of informatization of the society of Russia and some leading foreign countries for the period of 2005-2015 was carried out. The conclusions were made about an insufficient use of the Internet in Russia, primarily in rural areas, which hindered the social progress of Russian society. The leading role of digital (information) technologies in solving social problems, including education, social services and healthcare, was defined. The necessity of development of electronic services in the sphere of education and health was proved. Ways of cluster development based on the example of the Kaluga Region in the development of digital technologies were studied. The influence of development institutions on stimulating innovation activity in Russia was analyzed

Estimation of the Efficiency of Working Time Usage as a Factor of Sustainable Increase of Labor Productivity

The article views rationalization of working time as the most important factor of the labor productivity of personnel. Rationalization of working time is aimed at reducing losses and unproductive costs caused by deficiencies in the system of production support, its management and organization. Improving the use of working time, it is possible to increase productivity of labor very quickly without attracting additional funding. This stipulates the relevance of the study of the issues of efficient use of working time and reducing its losses and unproductive costs. The objectives of the study, the results of which are reflected in this article, were the analysis of the problems connected with inefficient use of working time at Russian enterprises and the search for ways to solve them as well as the development of an algorithm for calculating and evaluating working time efficiency. The authors of the article justified the procedure for evaluating the efficiency of working time, analyzed the structure of work at the preparatory and final stage and the time of workplace maintenance, the composition of losses and unproductive use of working time. Calculating of the possible increase of labor productivity due to better use of working time on the example of one of Samara enterprises is given. A flowchart of the analysis of working time efficiency and the assessment of reserves for labor productivity increase are presented; the main directions of improving the use of working time at enterprises are given, taking into account the reasons of its losses and unproductive costs

Theory and Practice of Informatization in Labor Standardization at Enterprises

The relevance of the studied problem is caused by the increased requirements of employers to reduce production costs (works) including labor expenses. Development of Information Technologies in work standardization gives a possibility to reduce labor input of specialists in work standardization and to increase efficiency of their working hours. It will allow analyzing existing standards in more details and developing activities, which are aimed at increase in their quality. The research objective is to define the main directions of application of the information technologies (IT) in labor rationing. Authors analyzed the experience of IT application to solve the tasks in the field of labor organization and rationing at the enterprises of the Samara region, the structure of organization information system and labor rationing is presented, the approximate work content of time study engineers is given and the structure of its automated workplace is demonstrated. The materials of the article can be useful for the departments of labor rationing, for the research on increasing labor productivity, for the creation of information programs on calculating labor productivity

Approaches to monitoring of competences and qualifications

The relevance of the analyzed issue is caused by the need to assess the state of competences and qualifications in the labor market in the region. The purpose of the article is the substantiation of approaches to the integrated monitoring training status, conditions of formation and use of labor, the results of which will complement the statistics. The leading approach to the study of this issue is the development of a new monitoring methodology to identify the qualitative characteristics of the labor force in the quantitative parameters. Results: the authors have developed conceptual approaches and structural elements of quality monitoring of labor at regional level. The identified shortcomings of existing competences and qualifications of monitoring techniques necessitated the search for other approaches to the assessment of the real state of the qualitative characteristics of the labor force in the labor market, as collected data can significantly affect the results of the personnel forecast and formation of labor potential management strategies. The study was proposed to focus on improving the quality of personnel management departments of large and medium-sized organizations in the region to solve the problem of the interaction between the education system and employers. The data of the article may be useful for research organizations and regional governance structures in the development of medium- and long-term development programs of labor potential. © 2016 Simonova et al