17 research outputs found
Investigation of the Aluminum Nitride Formation During the Aluminum Nanopowder Combustion in Air
The phase formation sequences, intermediate and final products of aluminum nanopowder combustion are studied. The experiments were performed in the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, at the βPrecision Diffractometry IIβ station (SR beamline No. 6 of the VEPP-3 electron storage ring). The main combustion product was found to be aluminum nitride. In the combustion of aluminum nanopowder aluminum ?-oxide is the first to form, and aluminum nitride arises next. The formation of aluminum nitride probably occurs by successive replacement of oxygen by nitrogen from the aluminum oxide. The use of synchrotron radiation with high photon flux made it possible to determine with moderate time resolution the sequence of stages of formation of crystalline products during combustion of the aluminum nanopowder
Investigation of the Aluminum Nitride Formation During the Aluminum Nanopowder Combustion in Air
The phase formation sequences, intermediate and final products of aluminum nanopowder combustion are studied. The experiments were performed in the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, at the βPrecision Diffractometry IIβ station (SR beamline No. 6 of the VEPP-3 electron storage ring). The main combustion product was found to be aluminum nitride. In the combustion of aluminum nanopowder aluminum ?-oxide is the first to form, and aluminum nitride arises next. The formation of aluminum nitride probably occurs by successive replacement of oxygen by nitrogen from the aluminum oxide. The use of synchrotron radiation with high photon flux made it possible to determine with moderate time resolution the sequence of stages of formation of crystalline products during combustion of the aluminum nanopowder
Study of Aluminium Nanopowder Combustion by Method of Laser-Speckle Correlation
In this paper, we discuss an application of the method of laser-speckle correlation for studying the combustion process of aluminium nanopowder in air and its mixture of iron nanopowder. It is suggested to characterize the combustion process using the statistic parameter - correlation coefficient. The principle of observation is explained and the experimental schema for investigating is provided. The differences between aluminium nanopowder and its mixture with iron nanopowder are also considered
Properties of nickel-phosphorous coatings codeposited by the electroless and electrochemical plating process
At present, despite numerous studies and practical application, the process of chemical nickel plating remains imperfect. The low nickel deposition rate, the high consumption of the solution components, and the complexity of the deposition process do not contribute to the widespread use of chemical nickel plating. At the same time, chemically deposited coatings are significantly different from the electrochemical: they possess valuable properties. In the paper, the intensification method of chemical nickel plating considered through the use of the co-deposition process with chemical and electrochemical methods. The co-deposition was carried out in an acidic electrolyte solution on an aluminum plate with the stationary potential shift from - 0.01 to - 0.25 V with the use of three electrode system. The presented technique of intensification due to the combination of nickel deposition processes by chemical and electrochemical methods is able to increase the deposition rate of the coatings, and also allows influencing their composition and mechanical properties
Preparation and properties of composite material based on hafnium diboride and aluminum
Hafnium diboride (HfB[2]) in aluminum matrix (Al) material was prepared by diffusion sintering of a mixture of hafnium diboride and aluminum micropowders. The effect of the hafnium diboride content (HfB[2]) in the aluminum matrix (Al) on sintering characteristics and properties of the samples is presented. The effect of microwave activation of the aluminum powders has been established. The diffusion sintering behavior was concluded. The material properties and structure were defined
Study of aluminium nanopowder combustion by method of laser-speckle correlation
In this paper, we discuss an application of the method of laser-speckle correlation for studying the combustion process of aluminium nanopowder in air and its mixture of iron nanopowder. It is suggested to characterize the combustion process using the statistic parameter - correlation coefficient. The principle of observation is explained and the experimental schema for investigating is provided. The differences between aluminium nanopowder and its mixture with iron nanopowder are also considered
Preparation and properties of composite material based on hafnium diboride and aluminum
Hafnium diboride (HfB2) in aluminum matrix (Al) material was prepared by diffusion sintering of a mixture of hafnium diboride and aluminum micropowders. The effect of the hafnium diboride content (HfB2) in the aluminum matrix (Al) on sintering characteristics and properties of the samples is presented. The effect of microwave activation of the aluminum powders has been established. The diffusion sintering behavior was concluded. The material properties and structure were defined
Low temperature sintering of corundum powders
Relevance of the research is caused by the necessity of profound processing of raw mineral and perfection of technology of obtaining alumoxide ceramic. The main aim of the research is to develop the activation methods of ceramic sintering based on corundum Al2O3 by mechanic treatment of powders in a planetary mill, additions of Al, Al2O3 nanopowder and TiO2 submicrom powder in a mixture, application of spark plasma sintering method. The methods: sieve analysis of a large-scale powder dispersion using the analyzer A20, x-ray phase analysis of the studied samples, hydrostatic weighting for determining a conditional density of the sintered samples, measuring microhardness of the sintered samples using microhardness tester PMT-3, measuring HRA hardness by the Rockwell hardness tester. The results. Addition of Al2O3 nanopowder in GK-5 corundum contributed to increase of sintering ceramic density and microhardness. Such activation effect is explained by the increase of interparticle contact area, which is related to Al2O3 nanopowder addition. Sintering activation is caused by high structural activity and surface energy of Al2O3 nanopowder, which are determined by crystal structure deficiency and particle small size. The most significant rise in density was observed for ceramic, containing 5β¦20 wt. % of Al2O3 nanowpoder. Additional activation of Al2O3 nanopowder sintering when adding aluminum nanopowder: its porosity decreased, was proved by the experiment. Sintering activation by adding Al nonopowder is explained by aluminum oxidation and phase transformation (Hedvall effect). TiO2 nanopowder additive in Al2O3 powder had the maximum activation effect: the density of sintering ceramic, containing 1,5 wt. % TiO2, achieved 3,48 g/cm3
Energy storage in aluminum nanopowder in stress-strain state of crystal lattice
When transforming metals into nanodispersed state nanopowders acquire new properties, including the storage of energy by nonopowders. The increasing interest to aluminum powders and nanopowders is caused by their application as a high-energy additive in rocket fuels and pyrotechnic mixtures. Thus, the investigation of energy storage in Al nanopowder is of great importance. Besides, it is not easy to determine the amount of stored energy in Al nanopowder. The authors have used the aluminum nanopowder obtained by electrical explosion of aluminum wire in argon, using UDP-4D installation developed in Tomsk Polytechnic University. The main aim of the study is to asses experimentally the value of energy, stored in the form of stress-strain state of the crystal lattice of Al nanopowder and to compare the obtained value to a general value of stored energy. The methods used in the study are the X-Ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis. It was ascertained that the crystal lattice is in stressed state in air-passivated electroexplosive aluminum nanopowder. The modified Lorenz function was used as a profile function; crystalline microdistortions, calculated by the approximation technique, amount to 8,66 x 10[-4]. The value of energy, stored in the stress-strain state of the crystal lattice of electroexplosive aluminum nanopowder, is 0,385 J/g, while the value of stored energy, determined by means of differential thermal analysis, is 348 J/g. Thus, the most feasible mechanism of storing significant energy in aluminum nanopowder is the formation of more energy-saturated structures in solid (the formation of a double electric layer with pseudocapacity during passivation)
Energy storage in aluminum nanopowder in stress-strain state of crystal lattice
ΠΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ² Π² Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ² Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ², Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ Π·Π°ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌ ΠΈ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌ Π°Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ ΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΎΠΊ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΠΈΡΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈ. ΠΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π° Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² Π·Π°ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π°Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Π·Π°ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π² Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ Al. Π ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡ
Π° Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΊ Π°Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π·ΡΡΠ²Π° Π°Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ΅Π²Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ Π°ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ½Π° Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ Π£ΠΠ-4Π, ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π² Π’ΠΎΠΌΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅. Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ: ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ, Π·Π°ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π² ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ-Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ° Π°Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΡ Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ: Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²Π·ΡΡΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ Π°Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΊΠ° Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ Π² Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΠΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Π±ΡΠ»Π° Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Π° Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π°ΠΏΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠΈΡΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π°ΠΏΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ, ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ 8,66 Ρ
10[-4 ]. ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ, Π·Π°ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π² Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ-Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²Π·ΡΡΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ° Π°Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ, - 0,385 ΠΠΆ/Π³, Π² ΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Π·Π°ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ 348 ΠΠΆ/Π³. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ, Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΌ Π·Π°ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π°Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ (Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅, Π·Π° ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ° Π°Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡ, ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²Π΄ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΡ).When transforming metals into nanodispersed state nanopowders acquire new properties, including the storage of energy by nonopowders. The increasing interest to aluminum powders and nanopowders is caused by their application as a high-energy additive in rocket fuels and pyrotechnic mixtures. Thus, the investigation of energy storage in Al nanopowder is of great importance. Besides, it is not easy to determine the amount of stored energy in Al nanopowder. The authors have used the aluminum nanopowder obtained by electrical explosion of aluminum wire in argon, using UDP-4D installation developed in Tomsk Polytechnic University. The main aim of the study is to asses experimentally the value of energy, stored in the form of stress-strain state of the crystal lattice of Al nanopowder and to compare the obtained value to a general value of stored energy. The methods used in the study are the X-Ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis. It was ascertained that the crystal lattice is in stressed state in air-passivated electroexplosive aluminum nanopowder. The modified Lorenz function was used as a profile function; crystalline microdistortions, calculated by the approximation technique, amount to 8,66 x 10[-4]. The value of energy, stored in the stress-strain state of the crystal lattice of electroexplosive aluminum nanopowder, is 0,385 J/g, while the value of stored energy, determined by means of differential thermal analysis, is 348 J/g. Thus, the most feasible mechanism of storing significant energy in aluminum nanopowder is the formation of more energy-saturated structures in solid (the formation of a double electric layer with pseudocapacity during passivation)