A LEGAL SYSTEM OF LEGAL PROTECTION OF THE LIFE ENVIRONMENT INTO THE USING OF FISHING RESOURCE OWNED COASTAL

A legal system of legal protection are more urgent, vital and strategic play role to defence, safe and sustain the life environment and its ecosystem from many more potencies disturbance and threat, destruction, pollution and high risks. The legal have more larger protected any more life sources potency of all life environment ecosystem include at coastal region and especially usage any fish resources it. But, its reality that essence of protection given by law tend so many change, bias and absurd, so that legal protection be not optimum yet. This study aimed to analyses legal system include legal substance, legal structure and legal culture in the legal protection of the life environment into using the fishing resource owned coastal region at the ones. A normative and empirical study as type of this research. Explorative used as design it. The purposive sampling used to taken 140 respondent and determine five regency/ city as sample, consist of two city namely Palopo and Makassar, and three regency include Bone, Pangkep and Bantaeng. Data taken from primary, secondary and tertier material of law and jurisprudence. A list questionnaires, interview by in depth, observation and documentation study are used to collect all data need it. A qualitative used to analyzed any data. The result of this study or research indicated that legal substance, legal structure and legal culture are determinant of factors influent it and weak. Most important are internalized Sulapa’ Eppa’e and Pancasila (basic philosophy of Indonesia people) into legal policy and rules to overcame many problems in essential and urgent, and to be optimized legal protection it

Behaviour of engineered cementitious composite-encased stub concrete columns under axial compression

Although high-strength concrete (HSC) has higher compressive strength than normal-strength concrete (NSC), its application in column construction is often limited by its brittleness and limited post-peak ductility. In this preliminary study, hybrid fibre engineered cementitious composite (ECC) is proposed as a potential encasement material to confine the HSC core and to increase the column's ductility. The behaviours of the proposed ECC-encased concrete stub column under axial compression are studied experimentally. Thirty stub columns, including six NSC/HSC, six ECC and 18 ECC-encased NSC/HSC (ECC-NSC/HSC) are tested under axial compression. The effects of ECC strength, ECC encasement thickness, concrete strength and cross-section shapes (circular, square and rectangular) are then investigated and reported in terms of failure modes, strength ratios, post-peak ductility and energy dissipation capacity of the stub columns. It is found that, when comparing with NSC/HSC stub columns, although no significant improvement in the ultimate strength was observed, the ECC encasement improved the performance of ECC-NSC/HSC stub columns by reducing brittleness and improving the post-peak behaviour during failure

USAHA RUMAH TANGGA PETERNAKAN KAMBING DI DUSUN SUKOREJO, DESA TUGU, KECAMATAN SENDANG, KABUPATEN TULUNG AGUNG, PROPINSI JAWA TIMUR

Desa Dusun Sukorejo berada di Desa Tugu. Kecamatan Sendang, Kabupaten Tulung Agung berada dilereng Gunung Wilis. Potensi yang dimiliki oleh desa Tugu adalah sebagai kampung pertanian, perkebunan dan penghasilan sampingan beternak Sapi dan Kambing yang memanfaatkan sumber alam lingkungan. Potensi ekonomi di disektor perternakan kambing dan sapi sangat memungkinkan untuk dikembangkan karena berlimpahnya sumber pakan alam yang tersedia terutama di musim hujan. Bapak Hartono sebagai warga desa tersebutjuga memiliki usaha sampingan ternak kambing yang yang dijalankan secara tradisional sebagaimana layaknya yang dilakukan oleh warga lainya, sehingga capaian kapasitas ternaknya sangat terbatas 5–10 ekor karena keterbatasan waktu dan tenaga untuk penyediaan pakan yaitu mencari pakan ternak setiap hari dengan cara memotong rumput atau hijauan daun.. Dimusim kemarau mengalami kesulitan mencari rumput maupun hijauan daun, sedangkan dimusim hujan dan panen raya sebenarnya banyak bahan pakan dari limbah pertanian yang bisa diolah dengan fermentasi dan disimpan untuk persediaan pakan dimusim kemarau antara lain: Jerami, janggel jagung, hijauan daun dan sebagainya.Berdasarkan hasil survei dan penjelasan dari mitra diperoleh informasi limbah hasil pertanian tersebut berlimpah dan digunakan sebagai kayu bakar atau dibuang, hal ini disebabkan kurangnya pengetahuan tentang pembuatan pakan ternak dan cara/teknologi untuk mengolahnya. Beberapa permasalahan yang dihadapi mitra yaitu: 1. Manajemen pengelolaan usaha masih secara tradisional, 2. Kurangnya pengetahuan pembuatan pakan ternak 3. Belum memiliki alat atau mesin pengolahan pakan ternak, Dari kondisi tersebut kami memberikan solusi dengan pengadaan Teknologi tepat guna mesin pengolahan pakan yaitu mesin Perajang Rumput, serta memberi pelatihan manajemen pengelolaan usaha yang profesional. Beternak secara tradisionall rata-rata hanya mampu memelihara 5-10 ekor sehingga tidak dapat menjadi sumber utama ekonomi keluarga, sedangkan dengan bantuan mesin pengolahan pakan maka masyarakat mampu memelihara kambing minimal 30 – 150 ekor, karena peternak tidak perlu setiap hari mencari rumput atau hijauan daun, sedangkan limbah pertanian saat musim panen raya dapat diolah dan ditimbun untuk kebutuhan dimusim kemarau. Peluang pasar kambing masih sangat terbuka, yaitu untuk konsumsi setiap hari, aqiqoh, hari raya qurban, sedangkan dari sisi produksi masih sedikit industri peternakan kambing dalam sekala besar, sehingga hal ini merupakan peluang yang sangat besar untuk dikembangkan didesa untuk menghambat laju urbanisasi ke Kota Kata kunci: Pakan buatan, Mesin perajang rumpu

Pengaruh Inflasi, Nilai Tukar Rupiah, Dan Suku Bunga Terhadap Indeks Harga Saham Gabungan (Studi pada Perusahaan yang Terdaftar di BEI Periode 2017-2020)

This study aims to determine the effect of Inflation, Rupiah Exchange Rate, Interest Rates on the Composite Stock Price Index. The population in this study are companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2017-2020 period. The sampling technique used was saturated sampling. The data taken is in the form of secondary data with techniques used as library research instruments and documentation. This type of research uses quantitative methods with time series data or only once collected based on time series. The data used are data in the form of inflation data, the rupiah exchange rate, interest rates and the monthly composite stock price index for the 2017-2020 period. Then the data were analyzed using the classical assumption test, multiple linear regression and hypothesis testing. The results of the study prove that inflation is worth (-0.418 2.01537) which shows a significant effect, interest rates (4.554 > 2.01537) which shows an influence significant, and the simultaneous effect is worth (13.804 > 2.82) which indicates a significant effect

Hepatitis B virus infection among different sex and age groups in Pakistani Punjab

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a serious health problem in the developing countries including Pakistan. Various risk factors are responsible for the spread of this infectious disease. Prevalence of HBV infection in apparently suspected individual of Punjab province of Pakistan was analyzed during January 2008 to December 2010. Current study was aimed to investigate the epidemiology and risk factors of HBV infection.</p> <p>Methodology</p> <p>Four thousand eight hundred and ninety patients suffering from chronic liver disease were screened for the presence of HBV DNA using qualitative Real Time PCR methodology to confirm their status of infection. A predesigned standard questionnaire was filled for all the patients that included information about the possible risk factors.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A total of 4890 ELISA positive patients were screened for Hepatitis B virus infection. Of these 3143 were positive for HBV, includes 68.15% males and 31.85% females. Male were observed to be more frequently infected as compared to the female with a positivity ratio of 2.14: 1. The rate of infection increases with the passage of time in the course of three years. Highest frequency of infection was found in the age of 21-30 was 34.93% followed by 23.83% in 31-40. Only (13.39%) were belonging to the age group 11-20 year. The rate of infection declines with increasing age as shown by age groups 41-50 (16.13%) and 51-60 (7.09%). While children aged 0-10 and very old >60 age groups were very less frequently 1.49% and 1.65% infected respectively. Important risk factors contributing to HBV spread include barber risk (23.60%), blood transfusion (4.04%), History of injection 26.19%, Reuse of syringes 26.60%, dental risk (11.20%) and surgical procedure (4.26%). Among the entire respondents trend sharing personal items was very common. History of injection, barber risk, surgery and dental procedure and reuse of syringes appear as major risk factors for the transmission.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Male were more frequently exposed to the risk factors as compared to female. Similarly the younger age group had high rate of infection as compared to the children's and the older age groups. Reuse of syringes', barber risk and History of injection were main risk identified during the present study. To lower HBV transmission rate Government should take aggressive steps towards massive awareness and vaccination programs to decrease the burden of HBV from the Punjab province of Pakistan.</p

Immunohistochemical expression of mitochondrial membrane complexes (MMCs) I, III, IV and V in malignant and benign periampullary epithelium: a potential target for drug therapy of periampullary cancer?

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Mitochondrial membrane complexes (MMCs) are key mediators of cellular oxidative phosphorylation, and inhibiting them could lead to cell death. No published data are available on the relative abundance of MMCs in different periampullary cancers. Therefore, we studied the expression profile of MMCs I, III, IV and V in periampullary cancers, reactive pancreatitis, normal pancreas and chronic pancreatitis.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>This was a retrospective study on tissue microarrays constructed from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue from 126 consecutive patients (cancer = 104, chronic pancreatitis = 22) undergoing pancreatic resections between June 2001 and June 2006. 78 specimens of chronic pancreatitis tissue were obtained adjacent to areas of cancer. Normal pancreatic tissue was obtained from the resection specimens in a total of 30 patients. Metastatic tumours in 61 regional lymph nodes from 61 patients were also studied.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>MMCs I, III, IV and V were highly expressed (p < 0.05) in all primary periampullary cancers compared with metastatic lymph nodes and adjacent benign pancreas. MMCs III, IV and V were highly expressed in all cancers regardless of type compared with chronic pancreatitis (p < 0.05). Higher expression of MMCs I and V was associated with better survival and may, in part, relate to lower expression of these MMCs in poorly differentiated tumours compared with well and moderately differentiated tumours.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Differential expression of MMCs III, IV and V in primary periampullary cancers compared with adjacent benign periampullary tissue and chronic pancreatitis is a novel finding, which may render them attractive anticancer targets.</p

The presence of tumour-associated lymphocytes confers a good prognosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: an immunohistochemical study of tissue microarrays

Background Tumour-associated lymphocytes (TALs) have been linked with good prognosis in several solid tumours. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of CD3, CD8 and CD20 positive lymphocytes in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Methods After histological re-evaluation of the tumours of 81 patients who underwent surgical resection for exclusively pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, tissue micro-arrays (TMA) were constructed and immunohistochemistry was performed for CD3, CD8 and CD20. The number of lymphocytes within specific tumour compartments (i.e. stromal and intratumoural) was quantified. X-tile software (Yale School of Medicine, CT, USA) was used to stratify patients into 'high’ and 'low’ for each of the lymphocytes stained and their association with survival. Receiver operating curves (ROC) were constructed to evaluate the association between the TALs, alone and in combination, with clinicopathological features. Results CD3 and CD8 positive lymphocytes were associated with grade of tumour differentiation. The presence of intratumoural CD3 positive cells was associated with improved survival (p = 0.028), and intratumoural and stromal CD3 in combination also correlated with improved survival (p = 0.043). When CD20 positive lymphocyte levels were high, survival improved (p = 0.029) and similar results were seen for CD20 in combination with intratumoural CD3 (p = 0.001) and stromal CD8 (p = 0.013). Conclusions This study has shown a correlation between the presence of TALs and survival in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Differential modulation of the TRAIL receptors and the CD95 receptor in colon carcinoma cell lines

Tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and CD95 ligand (CD95L) are potent inducers of apoptosis in various tumour cell types. Death receptors DR4 and DR5 can induce and decoy receptors DcR1 and DcR2 can inhibit TRAIL-mediated apoptosis. The study aim was to investigate whether anticancer agents can modulate similarly TRAIL-receptor and CD95 membrane expression and TRAIL and CD95L sensitivity.Three colon carcinoma cell lines (Caco-2, Colo320 and SW948) were treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), cisplatin or interferon-γ. TRAIL-receptor and CD95 membrane expression was determined flow cytometrically. Sensitivity to TRAIL or CD95L agonistic anti-CD95 antibody was determined with cytotoxicity and apoptosis assays. SW948 showed highest TRAIL sensitivity. The protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide decreased FLICE-like inhibitory protein levels in all cell lines, and the TRAIL-resistant cell lines Caco-2 and Colo320 became sensitive for TRAIL. Exposure of the cell lines to 5-FU, cisplatin and interferon-γ left TRAIL-receptor membrane expression and TRAIL sensitivity unaffected. CD95 membrane expression and anti-CD95 sensitivity was, however, modulated by the same drugs in all lines. Cisplatin and interferon-γ raised CD95 membrane levels 6–8-fold, interferon-γ also increased anti-CD95 sensitivity. These results indicate that the CD95 and TRAIL pathways use different mechanisms to respond to various anticancer agents. Induced CD95 membrane upregulation was associated with increased anti-CD95 sensitivity, whereas no upregulation of TRAIL-receptor membrane expression or TRAIL sensitisation could be established. For optimal use of TRAIL-mediated apoptosis for cancer therapy in certain tumours, downregulation of intracellular inhibiting factors may be required

Biotransformation of lanthanum by Aspergillus niger

Lanthanum is an important rare earth element and has many applications in modern electronics and catalyst manufacturing. However, there exist several obstacles in the recovery and cycling of this element due to a low average grade in exploitable deposits and low recovery rates by energy-intensive extraction procedures. In this work, a novel method to transform and recover La has been proposed using the geoactive properties of Aspergillus niger. La-containing crystals were formed and collected after A. niger was grown on Czapek-Dox agar medium amended with LaCl 3. Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA) showed the crystals contained C, O, and La; scanning electron microscopy revealed that the crystals were of a tabular structure with terraced surfaces. X-ray diffraction identified the mineral phase of the sample as La 2(C 2O 4) 3·10H 2O. Thermogravimetric analysis transformed the oxalate crystals into La 2O 3 with the kinetics of thermal decomposition corresponding well with theoretical calculations. Geochemical modelling further confirmed that the crystals were lanthanum decahydrate and identified optimal conditions for their precipitation. To quantify crystal production, biomass-free fungal culture supernatants were used to precipitate La. The results showed that the precipitated lanthanum decahydrate achieved optimal yields when the concentration of La was above 15 mM and that 100% La was removed from the system at 5 mM La. Our findings provide a new aspect in the biotransformation and biorecovery of rare earth elements from solution using biomass-free fungal culture systems. </p

Positive Feedback Regulation between Phospholipase D and Wnt Signaling Promotes Wnt-Driven Anchorage-Independent Growth of Colorectal Cancer Cells

Aberrant activation of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway occurs in almost all colorectal cancers and contributes to their growth, invasion and survival. Phopholipase D (PLD) has been implicated in progression of colorectal carcinoma However, an understanding of the targets and regulation of this important pathway remains incomplete and besides, relationship between Wnt signaling and PLD is not known.Here, we demonstrate that PLD isozymes, PLD1 and PLD2 are direct targets and positive feedback regulators of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Wnt3a and Wnt mimetics significantly enhanced the expression of PLDs at a transcriptional level in HCT116 colorectal cancer cells, whereas silencing of β-catenin gene expression or utilization of a dominant negative form of T cell factor-4 (TCF-4) inhibited expression of PLDs. Moreover, both PLD1 and PLD2 were highly induced in colon, liver and stomach tissues of mice after injection of LiCl, a Wnt mimetic. Wnt3a stimulated formation of the β-catenin/TCF complexes to two functional TCF-4-binding elements within the PLD2 promoter as assessed by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Suppressing PLD using gene silencing or selective inhibitor blocked the ability of β-catenin to transcriptionally activate PLD and other Wnt target genes by preventing formation of the β-catenin/TCF-4 complex, whereas tactics to elevate intracellular levels of phosphatidic acid, the product of PLD activity, enhanced these effects. Here we show that PLD is necessary for Wnt3a-driven invasion and anchorage-independent growth of colon cancer cells.PLD isozyme acts as a novel transcriptional target and positive feedback regulator of Wnt signaling, and then promotes Wnt-driven anchorage-independent growth of colorectal cancer cells. We propose that therapeutic interventions targeting PLD may confer a clinical benefit in Wnt/β-catenin-driven malignancies