Framed communities : translating the State of the Nation

CITATION: Janse van Rensburg, T. & Feinauer, I. 2014. Framed communities : translating the State of the Nation. Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics Plus, 43:103-126, doi:10.5842/43-0-191.The original publication is available at http://spilplus.journals.ac.zaThe South African President delivers a State of the Nation Address every year. In this speech he conveys his opinion on the current state of affairs in the country. Since it is impossible for the President to accommodate all 11 official languages of the country, most of his speech is given in English. A few weeks after the Address, the speech is translated into all 11 languages and can be viewed on the Government’s official website. Unfortunately, by that time the Address is considered old news. The country’s different media channels report extensively on this speech. These reports can, however, be regarded as much more than simple commentaries on the speech – they are in fact reframed and rewritten versions of the speech that affect, shape and sustain the opinions and ideologies of their readers. These media channels also provide the vehicles through which common links can be established between supporters of the same media to reinforce their belief that they form part of an established community (Bielsa and Bassnett 2009:33). In situations where communication is present or necessary, it is impossible to escape the process or effect of framing, as framing implies “‘how speakers mean what they say’” (Tannen and Wallat 1993:60, in Baker 2006:105). Therefore, the presence and effects of framing should never be ignored. In the case at hand, it is through rewriting the President’s speech to fit the framework of the particular media channel that framing takes place. Baker (2006:3) supports the integral role framing plays in (intra- or interlingual) translation by introducing the idea that the translated and reformulated narratives that we are exposed to on a daily basis constitute the everyday stories that shape the way we perceive reality. Therefore, it is vital to investigate this process and how it affects both the target text and the target readership. In this exploration of rewritings of the State of the Nation Address, the researchers focus on three different South African publications, and how each uses the same source text to create vastly differing target texts. By catering for their target markets, these publications maintain or shape a specific point of view; by focusing on specific parts of the source text that would interest their readership, they, at the same time, only expose the readers to these sections of the speech, and subsequently frame the readers’ perception of the Address, the President, and ultimately, their country.Publisher's versio

Feasibility of a Sprague–Dawley Rat Model for investigating the effects of seated whole-body vibration

Vehicular whole-body vibration (WBV) can have long-term adverse effects on human quality of life. Animal models can be used to study pathophysiologic effects of vibration. The goal of this study was to assess animal cooperation and well-being to determine the feasibility of a novel seated rat model for investigating the effects of WBV on biologic systems. Twenty-four male Sprague–Dawley rats were used. The experiment consisted of an acclimation phase, 2 training phases (TrP1 and TrP2), and a testing phase (TeP), including weekly radiographic imaging. During acclimation, rats were housed in pairs in standard cages without vibration. First, experimental (EG; n = 18) and control group 1 (C1; n = 3) rats were placed in a vibration apparatus without vibration, with increasing duration over 5 d during TrP1. EG rats were exposed to vertical random WBV that was increased in magnitude over 5 d during TrP2 until reaching the vibration signal used during TeP (15 min, 0.7 m·s−2 root mean square, unweighted). C1 rats were placed in the vibration apparatus but received no vibration during any phase. Control group 2 (C2; n = 3) rats remained in the home cages. Cooperation was evaluated with regard to rat-apparatus interactions and position compliance. Behavior, weight, and fecal glucocorticoid metabolite concentrations (fGCM) were used to evaluate animal well-being. We observed good cooperation and no behavioral patterns or weight loss between phases, indicating little or no animal stress. The differences in fGCM concentration between groups indicated that the EG rats had lower stress levels than the control rats in all phases except TrP1. Thus, this model elicited little or no stress in the conscious, unrestrained, seated rats

Biological Psychiatry Congress 2015

List of Abstract Titles and authors: 1. Psychosis: A matter of mental effort? M Borg, Y Y van der Zee, J H Hsieh, H Temmingh, D J Stein, F M Howells 2.In search of an affordable, effective post-discharge intervention: A randomised control trial assessing the influence of a telephone-based intervention on readmissions for patients with severe mental illness in a developing country U A Botha, L Koen, M Mazinu, E Jordaan, D J H Niehaus 3. The effect of early abstinence from long-term methamphetamine use on brain metabolism using 1H-magnetic resonance spectro-scopy (1H-MRS) A Burger, S Brooks, D J Stein, F M Howells 4. The effect of in utero exposure to methamphetamine on brain metabolism in childhood using 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) A Burger, A Roos, M Kwiatkowski, D J Stein, K A Donald, F M Howells 5. A prospective study of clinical, biological and functional aspects of outcome in first-episode psychosis: The EONKCS Study B Chiliza, L Asmal, R Emsley 6. Stimulants as cognitive enhancers - perceptions v. evidence in a very real world H M Clark 7. Pharmacogenomics in antipsychotic drugs Ilse du Plessis 8. Serotonin in anxiety disorders and beyond Ilse du Plessis 9. HIV infection results in ventral-striatal reward system hypo-activation during cue processing S du Plessis, M Vink, J A Joska, E Koutsilieri, A Bagadia, D J Stein, R Emsley 10. Disease progression in schizophrenia: Is the illness or the treatment to blame? R Emsley, M J Sian 11. Serotonin transporter variants play a role in anxiety sensitivity in South African adolescents  S M J Hemmings, L I Martin, L van der Merwe, R Benecke, K Domschke, S Seedat 12. Iron deficiency in two children diagnosed with multiple sclerosis: Report on whole exom sequencing S Janse van Rensburg, R van Toorn, J F Schoeman, A Peeters, L R Fisher, K Moremi, M J Kotze 13. Benzodiazepines: Practical pharmacokinetics P Joubert 14. What to consider when prescribing psychotropic medications G Lippi 15. Current prescribing practices for obsessive-compulsive disorder in South Africa: Controversies and consensus C Lochner, L Taljaard, D J Stein 16. Correlates of emotional and behavioural problems in children with preinatally acquired HIV in Cape Town, South Africa K-A Louw, N Phillips, JIpser, J Hoare 17. The role of non-coding RNAs in fear extinction S Malan-Muller, L Fairbairn, W M U Daniels, M J S Dashti, E J Oakleley, M Altorfer, J Harvey, S Seedat, J Gamieldien, S M J Hemmings 18. An analysis of the management og HIV-mental illness comorbidity at the psychiatric unit of the Dr George Mukhari Academic Hospital M L Maodi, S T Rataemane, T Kyaw 19. The identification of novel genes in anxiety disorders: A gene X environment correlation and interaction study N W McGregor, J Dimatelis, S M J Hemmings, C J Kinnear, D J Stein, V Russel, C Lochner 20. Collaborations between conventional medicine and traditional healers: Obstacles and possibilities G Nortje, S Seedat, O Gureje 21. Thought disorder and form perception: Relationships with symptoms and cognitive function in first-episode schizophrenia M R Olivier, R Emsley 22. Investigating the functional significance of genome-wide variants associated with antipsychotic treatment response E Ovenden, B Drogemoller, L van der Merwe, R Emsley, L Warnich 23. The moral and bioethical determinants of "futility" in psychiatry W P Pienaar 24. Single voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) and volumetry of the amylgdala in social anxiety disorder in the context of early developmental trauma D Rosenstein, A T Hess, J Zwart, F Ahmed-Leitao, E Meintjies, S Seedat 25. Schizoaffective disorder in an acute psychiatric unit: Profile of users and agreement with Operational Criteria (OPCRIT) R R Singh, U Subramaney 26. The right to privacy and confidentiality: The ethics of expert diagnosis in the public media and the Oscar Pistorius trial C Smith 27. A birth cohort study in South Africa: A psychiatric perspective D J Stein 28. 'Womb Raiders': Women referred for observation in terms of the Criminal Procedures Act (CPA) charged with fetal abduction and murder U Subramaney 29. Psycho-pharmacology of sleep wake disorders: An update R Sykes 30. Refugee post-settlement in South Africa: Role of adjustment challenges and family in mental health outcomes L Thela, A Tomita, V Maharaj, M Mhlongo, K Jonathan 31. Dstinguishing ADHD symptoms in psychotic disorders: A new insight in the adult ADHD questionnaire Y van der Zee, M Borg, J H Hsieh, H Temmingh, D J Stein, F M Howells 32. Oscar Pistorius ethical dilemmas in a trial by media: Does this include psychiatric evaluation by media? M Vorster 33. Genetic investigation of apetite aggression in South African former young offenders: The involvement of serotonin transporter gene K Xulu, J Somer, M Hinsberger, R Weierstall, T Elbert, S Seedat, S Hemmings 34. Effects of HIV and childhood trauma on brain morphemtry and neurocognitive function G Spies, F Ahmed-Leitao, C Fennema-Notestine, M Cherner, S Seedat 35. Measuring intentional behaviour normative data of a newly developed motor task battery S Bakelaar, J Blampain, S Seedat, J van Hoof, Y Delevoye-Turrel 36. Resilience in social anxiety disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder in the context of childhood trauma M Bship, S Bakelaar, D Rosenstein, S Seedat 37. The ethical dilemma of seclusion practices in psychiatry G Chiba, U Subramaney 38. Physical activity and neurological soft signs in patients with schizophrenia O Esan, C Osunbote, I Oladele, S Fakunle, C Ehindero 39. A retrospective study of completed suicides in the Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Area from 2008 to 2013 - preliminary results C Grobler, J Strumpher, R Jacobs 40. Serotonin transporter variants play a role in anxiety sensitivity in South African adolescents S M J Hemmings, L I Martin, L van der Merwe, R Benecke, K Domschke, S Seedat 41. Investigation of variants within antipsychotic candidate pharmacogenes associated with treatment outcome F Higgins, B Drogmoller, G Wright, L van der Merwe, N McGregor, B Chiliza, L Asmal, L Koen, D Niehaus, R Emsley, L Warnich 42. Effects of diet, smoking and alcohol consumption on disability (EDSS) in people diagnosed with multiple sclerosis S Janse van Rensburg, W Davis, D Geiger, F J Cronje, L Whati, M Kidd, M J Kotze 43. The clinical utility of neuroimaging in an acute adolescnet psychiatric inpatient population Z Khan, A Lachman, J Harvey 44. Relationships between childhood trauma (CT) and premorbid adjustment (PA) in a highly traumatised sample of patients with first-episode schizophrenia (FES) S Kilian, J Burns, S Seedat, L Asmal, B Chiliza, S du Plessis, R Olivier, R Emsley 45. Functional and cognitive outcomes using an mTOR inhibitor in an adolescent with TSC A Lachman, C van der Merwe, P Boyes, P de Vries 46. Perceptions about adolescent body image and eating behaviour K Laxton, A B R Janse van Rensburg 47. Clinical relevance of FTO rs9939609 as a determinant of cardio-metabolic risk in South African patients with major depressive disorder H K Luckhoff, M J Kotze 48. Childhood abuse and neglect as predictors of deficits in verbal auditory memory in non-clinical adolescents with low anxiety proneness L Martin, K Martin, S Seedat 49. The changes of pro-inflammatory cytokines in a prenatally stressed febrile seizure animal model and whether Rhus chirindensis may attenuate these changes A Mohamed, M V Mabandla, L Qulu 50. Influence of TMPRSS6 A736v and HFE C282y on serum iron parameters and age of onset in patients with multiple sclerosis K E Moremi, M J Kotze, H K Luckhoff, L R Fisher, M Kidd, R van Toorn, S Janse van Rensburg 51. Polypharmacy in pregnant women with serious mental illness E Thomas, E du Toit, L Koen, D Niehaus 52. Infant attachment and maternal depression as predictors of neurodevelopmental and behavioural outcomes at follow-up J Nothling, B Laughton, S Seedat 53. Differences in abuse, neglect and exposure to community violence in adolescents with and without PTSD J Nothling, S Suliman, L Martin, C Simmons, S Seedat 54. Assessment of oxidative stress markers in children with autistic spectrum disorders in Lagos, Nigeria Y Oshodi, O Ojewunmi, T A Oshodi, T Ijarogbe, O F Aina, J Okpuzor, O C F E A Lesi 55. Change in diagnosis and management of 'gender identity disorder' in pre-adolescent children S Pickstone-Taylor 56. Brain network connectivity in women exposed to intimate partner violence A Roos, J-P Fouche, B Vythilingum, D J Stein 57. Prolonged exposure treatment for PTSD in a Third-World, task-shifting, community-based environment J Rossouw, E Yadin, I Mbanga, T Jacobs, W Rossouw, D Alexander, S Seedat 58. Contrasting effects of early0life stress on mitochondrial energy-related proteins in striatum and hippocampus of a rat model of attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder V Russell, J Dimatelis, J Womersley, T-L Sterley 59. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults: A South African perspective R Schoeman, M de Klerk, M Kidd 60. Cognitive function in women with HIV infection and early-life stress G Spies, C Fennema-Notestine, M Cherner, S Seedat 61. Changes in functional connectivity networks in bipolar disorder patients after mindfulness-based cognitic therapy J A Starke, C F Beckmann, N Horn 62. Post-traumatic stress disorder, overweight and obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis S Suliman, L Anthonissen, J Carr, S du Plessis, R Emsley, S M J Hemmings, C Lochner, N McGregor L van den Heuvel, S Seedat 63. The brain and behaviour in a third-trimester equivalent animal model of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders P C Swart, C B Currin, J J Dimatelis, V A Russell 64. Irritability Assessment Model (IAM) to monitor irritability in child and adolescent psychiatric disorders. D van der Westhuizen 65. Outcome of parent-adolescent training in chilhood victimisation: Adaptive functioning, psychosocial and physiological variables D van der Westhuizen 66. The effect of ketamine in the Wistar-Kyoto and Sprague Dawley rat models of depression P J van Zyl, J J Dimatelis, V A Russell 67. Investigating COMT variants in anxiety sensitivity in South African adolescents L J Zass, L Martin, S Seedat, S M J Hemming