Changes of thyroid hormones in different physiological periods in white goats

The levels of thyroid hormones are important indicator of metabolic activity. The knowledge of the metabolic activity in different physiological periods, animals readjusted dietary regimen. Therefore, in this study, changes of triiodotironine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) hormones in the blood serum of female (n=14) and male (n=9) white goats were studied for a duration of one year through different physiological periods [breeding (September-October), gestation (November to March), postpartum-sucking (April-May) and milking (June to August)]. Results show that the differences in T3 and T4 hormone levels between sexes are statistically unimportant in breeding, gestation, postpartum-sucking and milking periods, while the changes for each sex between the physiological periods are important (p<0.05). Also, it has been found out that the thyroid hormone levels in different physiological periods are under the influence of the environmental temperature changes

Annual change of the testosterone hormone in male white goats

WOS: 000287644200018In this research, changes of testosterone hormone in the blood serum of 9 male (3 of age 2 and 6 of age 4) White goats have been studied for a duration of one year. Analyses performed show that the general monthly averages of the testosterone hormone of the male White goats in the period of 12 months starting in January were (2.11 +/- 0.73), (2.22 +/- 0.52), (2.44 +/- 0.59), (2.10 +/- 0.41), (2.35 +/- 1.00), (3.42 +/- 1.48), (4.77 +/- 1.32), (5.61 +/- 1.40), (7.91 +/- 1.24), (10.84 +/- 1.59), (7.82 +/- 1.60), and (2.63 +/- 0.61) ng mL(-1), respectively (P<0.05). The effect of the age factor on the testosterone production in White goats (age 2 and 4) was generally significant (P<0.05) for differences among months in each age group, but not significant for differences between age groups in each month. The testosterone hormone levels of male White goats encountered significant changes (P<0.05) with respect to the season.Ankara University, Turkey [20060711099]This work was funded by Ankara University Scientific Research Projects Directorate, Turkey (20060711099)

The Socio-Economic Analysis of Extensive Turkey Production in Turkey

There are two types of turkey breding systems in Turkey. One is vertical integration with intensive raising, the other is conventional system with extensive way. In the conventional system mostl low income small family farms raise turkey for new year celebration and this agricultural activity is very important for these kind of farms in rural aeras. The extensive turkey priduction system in Turkey are, mainly, made by small family farms to meet turkey consumption in the new year celebrations. In this study it was tried to determine socio-economic characteristics of these kind of farms. According to research results, acerage number of turkey in feeding is 843 heads, feeding period lasts about 8-9 months until the new year, 53.33% of farms slaughter turkeyes their own places and sell the rest as live. Turkeys reach to 7.26kg post feeding period. While variable costs constitute 86.26% of total production costs of turkey breeding, fixed costs constitute 13.74% of them. The highest share in total costs being to belong to feed costs(47.23%) Finished weight of turkey is 7.26kg and total live weigt per farm is 3630kg. 1kg live turkey cost is 0.8939$/kg, Net income is 2702$ and this net income from this production branch cover 61.41% of sufficient incomeefor families in Turkey that is 4400%

The Socio-Economic Analysis of Contracted Turkey Farms : The Turkish Case

This study was examined socio economic characteristics of contracted turkey farms in Turkey. Results reeval that young labor force and literacy rate were at sufficient level. Although main production activity on farms was contracted turkey breeding, plant production, plant production, cattle, sheep and goats breeding were other activities carried out. While 83.98% of farm land under farm property,16.02% of that was used as rented and shared land. Grain production had the highest share in plant production. The number of turkeys, large and small animals was, respectively 4845, 3.38 and 0.32 heads in average farm. Tractors were present on 40.82% of farms. While the share of variable cost in production cost, respectively, belong to heating (16.51%), lightening(15.87%) and pad(12.11%) cost. On the other hand, the highest shares in fixed cost, respectively, belong to poultry-house depreciationi (10.17%), poultry-house interest(10.17%) and parmanent labor expenses(6.81%). Gross production value, gross income, and net income were, respectively, found as 6428.35$/year, 3083.18/year and 1293.91$/year. Duration of contracted turkey breeding of farms was on average 2.63 periods. The most important factors causing to run a contracted turkey firm was price and sale guarantee. However, not having any influence in determining buying price of turkeys was the most important problem of farms. Eventough 63.27% of farms were not satisfied income obtained from turkey breeding, 83.67% of farms stated tht they will have maintained turkey breeding due to guaranteed income depending on marketing guarantee and input provision