Гот. Kandak, хорв. Skorsur, ст.-пол. Bagakard, ст.-рус. *Валгасъ и их аланские прототипы

The paper deals with the etymological interpretation of presumably Alanian personal names, mentioned in works of ancient historians and ancient legal documents. Earlier these anthroponyms either did not become visible to other researchers (Croat. Skorsur, Old Russ. *Валгасъ) or got another explanation in specialized literature (Goth. Kandak, Old Pol. Bagakard). Results of etymological analysis enable the author to reconstruct Alanian prototypes for four anthroponyms: Gothic Candac (in Jordan) = Alan. *Kand-ak ʻyoung manʼ < Proto-Iran. *kanta-ka-, which correlates with *kantī-ka- ʻgirl, little girlʼ; Croat. Skorsur = Alan. *skar-rasur[a] ʻthe one who chase beast, preyʼ, ʻchaserʼ; Old. Pol. Bagakard = Alan. *Kard[a]-baγ < Proto-Iran. *kṛta-baga- ʻcreated by godʼ along with inverted West. Iran. *Baga-kṛta-; Old Russ.. *Валгасъ = Alan. *wal[i]-gas, cf. Osset. wælygæs, wæligæs ‘herdboy tending lambs’.Etymological analysis is closely linked to formulation and developing of the questions of ethnic history and particularly the question of infiltration Alanian tribes in Pannonia and (at a later period) into the territory of Lithuania as part of Tatarian faction in service to the Lithuanian Duke Gediminas.Key words: etymology, word formation, derivative, prototype, Alanian.В статье предложена этимологическая трактовка группы предположительно аланских личных имён из сочинений древних историков и памятников деловой письменности. Эти антропонимы ранее либо не попадали в поле зрения исследователей (хорв. Skorsur, ст.-рус. *Валгасъ), либо получили иное толкование в профильной литературе (гот. Kandak, ст.-пол. Bagakard). По результатам лингвистического анализа предложены аланские архетипы для четырёх антропонимов: готское Candac (у Иордана) = алан. *Kand-ak ʻюноша, молодойʼ < иран. *kanta-ka- – коррелят к *kantī-ka- ʻдевушка, девочкаʼ; хорв. Skorsur = алан. *skar-rasur[a] ʻкто преследует зверя, дичьʼ, ʻзагоняющий зверяʼ; ст.-пол. Bagakard = алан. *Kard[a]-baγ < иран. *kṛta-baga- ʻсотворённый богомʼ наряду с инвертированным зап.-иран. *Baga-kṛta-; ст.-рус. *Валгасъ = алан. *wal[i]-gas, ср. осет. wælygæs, wæligæs ‘пастушок ягнят’.Этимологический анализ указанных личных имён сопряжён с постановкой и разработкой вопросов этнической истории, среди которых инфильтрация аланского ингредиента в Паннонию и (в позднюю эпоху) на территорию Литвы в составе группировки татар на службе литовского князя Гедимина.Ключевые слова: этимология, словообразование, дериват, прототип, аланский

AREALS OF IRANIAN LEXICAL RELICTS IN TOPONYMICS OF DNIEPER AND BUG BASINS

The target of this scientific paper is the etymological analysis of some Ukrainian toponyms. Their belonging to the archaic Slavic toponymic is doubtful, and just the opposite – genesis of these lexems is persuasively explained with taking into account of the morphological and fonetic features of the Iranian word evolution. Reviewed Iranian lexical relicts form two toponymic areals along the Dnieper and the Bug. Thus suggested preliminary results of the etymology analysis can clarify well-known point of view about absent here Iranian hydronymy stratum.Статья ставит цель этимологического анализа группы топонимов на территории Украины. Их принадлежность к архаичному славянскому топонимикону сомнительна, и, напротив, генезис этих лексем удовлетворительно толкуется в рамках словаря иранских языков с учетом деталей истории фонетики и морфологии иранского слова. Рассмотренные иранские лексические реликты образуют два топонимических ареала, смежных с течением Днепра и Буга, и таким образом корректируют существующий в науке вывод об отсутствии здесь иранской гидронимии

Miscellanea etymologica: Slavica

The paper deals with the etymological interpretation of Slavonic dialectal words, which earlier did not become visible to other researchers or were not satisfactorily explained in special literature. Observation about the structure of mentioned words has enabled the author to make several conclusions. 1. Some of mentioned Slavic words show archaic features, which reveal Proto-Slavonic age of these lexemes (відь, вíра, вíритися, масéса, чукíрни(й), чумак, чупірдáти, чутíти). 2. Meaning of a few dialectal words keeps relicts of older system of semantic relations, existed in the epoch of Slavic-Iranian language contacts (Transcarp., Boyk. бог, dial. of the Dnieper закон). 3. Ways and prototypes of borrowings from the non-Slavic languages may be and should be clarified by usage new dialectal lexemes in scientific circulation (East Slavic казнá). 4. One of viewed examples shows an interesting peculiarity of Slavic languages lexical-semantic system, to wit, deonymisation of Christians (calendar) names. In so doing semantic range of newly formed apellatives is limited with scope of characteristic of external appearance of a person and its intellectual features (сапетóн).Key words: etymology, word formation, derivative, semantics, Slavic.В статье предложена этимологическая интерпретация группы славянских диалектных слов, которые ранее либо не попадали в поле зрения исследователей, либо не получили удовлетворительного истолкования в профильной литературе. Наблюдение за структурой указанных лексем позволило автору прийти к нескольким выводам. 1. Некоторые из упомянутых славянских слов обнаруживают архаичные особенности, выдающие в них единицы праславянского возраста (відь, вíра, вíритися, масéса, чукíрни(й), чумак, чупірдáти, чутíти). 2. Семантика нескольких диалектных слов сохраняет реликты старой системы смысловых отношений периода славяно-иранских языковых контактов (закарп., бойк. бог, поднепр. закон). 3. Пути, прототипы заимствований из неславянских языков могут уточняться при введении в практику этимологии новых фактов (вост.-слав. казнá). 4. Один из примеров показывает интересную особенность лексико-семантической системы славянских языков – деонимизацию крёстных антропонимов, причем семантический диапазон новообразованных имен нарицательных оказывается ограниченным характеристикой внешних признаков человека или его интеллектуальных свойств (сапетóн).Ключевые слова: этимология, словообразование, дериват, семантика, славянский

A Survey of Personality Trait Perceptions in Leadership Promotions in the Greek Armed Forces

Army personnel perceives character and personality traits as playing an important role in promoting high ranking officers to leaders. Whether the different categories of army personnel perceive the relative importance of such traits similarly is a question of significance for the morale, cohesiveness and efficiency of the armed forces. This paper addresses the documented scarcity of empirical research on such perceptions. The research literature on leadership traits was reviewed with emphasis on the armed and security forces. An online questionnaire was designed and 2702 responses of Greek armed and security forces personnel were collected, including 947 officers, 534 non-commissioned officers, 531 veterans, 81 security forces personnel, and 609 civil personnel. An 86.3% of respondents felt that leadership promotions failed to consider appropriate character and personality traits such as crisis management, integrity, perception, meritocracy, strategic proficiency, bluntness, and impartiality. Cooperation with the political leadership was considered unduly important. Cluster Analysis confirmed by Discriminant Analysis rendered four clusters: politically non-aligned; religious; authority-oriented conformist; and dissatisfied nonconformist. To maintain the morale and cohesiveness of military personnel, it was advised that the promotion to leaders of the armed and security forces be enriched with distilled elements of wisdom from the perceptions of all personnel clusters. Keywords: Leadership, armed forces, personality traits, Cluster Analysis DOI: 10.7176/JRDM/63-04 Publication date:March 31st 202

A PROTO-SLAVIC SOCIAL TERM *kъrdъ/*kъrtъ ʻCLAN, FAMILYʼ: GENESIS AND AREAL

The paper deals with the etymological interpretation of slavonic dialectal lexical group, denoting clan, family, and some its derivatives. The author tries to determine the origin of terminological semantics of these lexemes and characterize their relations to other related non-Slavic forms. Preliminary results of the analysis of mentioned social terms are the reasons to substantiate their genesis within the etymological cluster with Indo-European *(s)ker- ʻcutʼ and figure out the closest terminological and etymological concordance in the Celtic archaic vocabulary. The formation of a common terminological semantics of genetically identical Slavonic and Celtic words took place in the epoch of cultural contacts of these ethnoses on the territory of Czechia, Moravia and Pannonia. Ultimately the author makes the precise conclusion about reflexes of the mentioned etymon, which indicate the semantic shift towards ʻto cutʼ > ʻto separateʼ > ʻto grow, thriveʼ, ʻto take rootʼ. Meanings ʻto be bornʼ, ʻliveʼ in Slavonic words evolved from ʻto grow, thriveʼ as a particular case of semantic history within system of derivatives from the stem *(s)ker-. Consequently social terms *kъrdъ/*kъrtъ ʻclan, familyʼ were derived from these verbs.Key words: etymology, Proto-Slavonic, word formation, semantics, term.доктор филологических наук, Илиади А. И. Праславянский общественный термин *kъrdъ/*kъrtъ ʻрод, семьяʼ: генезис и ареал / Центральноукраинский государственный педагогический университет имени Владимира Винниченко, Украина, Кропивницкий.В статье предлагается этимологическая интерпретация группы славянских диалектных названий рода, семьи и некоторых их производных, делается попытка определить истоки их терминологической семантики, установить ее связи в кругу родственных неславянских форм. Предварительные результаты анализа указанных терминов общественного строя дают основания сориентировать их генезис на славянское этимологическое гнездо с и.-е. основой *(s)ker- ʻрезатьʼ и выделить ближайшее терминологическое и этимологическое соответствие в кельтской архаичной лексике. Формирование общей терминологической семантики у генетически тождественных славянских и кельтских лексем имело место в эпоху культурных контактов этих этносов на территории Чехии, Моравии и Паннонии. В итоге автор делает чёткий вывод относительно рефлексов упомянутого этимона, которые указывают на семантический сдвиг в направлении ʻрезатьʼ > ʻотделятьʼ > ʻрасти, разрастатьсяʼ > ʻпускать корниʼ. Значения ʻрождатьсяʼ, ʻжитьʼ в славянских словах эволюционировали из ʻрасти, разрастатьсяʼ как частный случай семантической истории внутри системы производных от основы *(s)ker-. Следовательно общественные термины *kъrdъ/*kъrtъ ʻрод, семьяʼ были образованы от этих глаголов.Ключевые слова: этимология, праславянский, словообразование, семантика, термин

SERB. ODRIBOG AND CROAT. ODRIBOŽIĆ: DECEPTIVELY TRIVIAL FORM

The paper deals with the etymological analysis of two compound words which are attested in Serbian and Croatian anthroponymy: Serb. Odribog and Croat. Odribožić. The form of these anthroponyms is trivial for Slavonic compound words with the component *bogъ, but Odribog and Odribožić seem to be ideologically isolated from other similar names, being borrowed from the Iranian vocabulary. Presumably above mentioned personal names reflect Iran. *Tīrī-baga- or *Ātr-baga-. The particularity of personal names, reviewed here, is that they can be qualified with high degree of certainty as going back to a Western Iranian source (the version of reflection in these names of Western Iranian *Ādar-bag). Probably this source could be the vocabulary of a Western Iranian ethnic group, which intruded to the Balkans, being a part of Bulgarian union of tribes.Key words: etymology, derivative, anthroponym, Slavic, Iranian.доктор филологических наук, Илиади А. И. Серб. Одрибог и хорв. Одрибожић: обманчивость тривиальной формы / Центральноукраинский государственный педагогический университет имени Владимира Винниченко, Украина, КропивницкийВ статье предлагается этимологический анализ двух именных сложений, зафиксированных в сербско-хорватском антропонимиконе: серб. Одрибог и хорв. Одрибожиħ. Эти антропонимы с тривиальной для славянских композит формой представляются идеологически обособленными от прочих имен с элементом *bogъ, будучи заимствованными из иранского вокабулярия. В них вероятно видеть иран. *Tīrī-baga- или *Ātr-baga-. Специфика исследуемых имен заключается в том, что они с большой долей уверенности могут быть определены как пришедшие из западноиранского источника (версия об отражении в этих именах зап.-иран. *Ādar-bag), предположительно, из словаря западноиранского этноса, вторгшегося на Балканы в составе булгарского союза племен.Ключевые слова: этимология, дериват, антропоним, славянский, иранский

Appendicular mucocele. Clinical case

Scopul lucrării. Mucocelul apendicular este o entitate patologică caracterizată prin dilatarea chistică a apendicelui, datorită secreției anormale de mucinos apendicular. Prezintă incidența scăzută, secundar afecțiunilor benigne (hiperplazie mucinoasă și chistadenom) sau maligne (chistadenocarcinom). Materiale și metode. Am analizat cinci pacienți tratați pentru mucocel apendicular în perioada 2012-2023 în Clinica Chirurgie nr.2, USMF ,,N.Testemițanu,, cu vârsta cuprinsă între 24-92 de ani și evaluată modalitatea de diagnostic și tratament chirurgical. Rezultate. Manifestările clinice au fost variate, nespecifice, frecvent au simulat alte afecțiuni chirurgicale abdominale. Examenul preoperator imagistic, ecografic de rutină şi tomografia computerizată în 3 cazuri au confirmat mucocelul apendicular. Diagnosticul a fost confirmat intraoperator, volumul intervenției chirurgicale fiind rezolvat individual. Studiul anatomopatologic a pieselor operatorii a stabilit diagnosticul etiologic și histopatologic. Explorarea intraoperatorie a organelor cavității peritoneale și a bazinului mic a fost obligatorie în diagnosticul diferențial cu formațiunile chistice ale anexelor uterine și ale organelor cavității abdominale. Concluzii. Mucocelul apendicular se referă la bolile chirurgicale rare, manifestând un tablou clinic nespecific. Explorarea clinicimagistică, histopatologică minuțioasă a fiecărui pacient, determină corect strategiile chirurgicale.Aim of study. Appendicular mucocele is a pathology characterized by cystic dilatation of the appendix, due to abnormal secretion of appendicular mucinous. It has low incidence, secondary to benign (mucinous hyperplasia and cystadenoma) or malignant (cystadenocarcinoma) conditions. Materials and methods. We analyzed five patients treated for appendicular mucocele in the period 2011-2023 in Surgery Clinic no.2, USMF,, N. Testemitanu,, aged between 24-92 years and evaluated the method of diagnosis and surgical treatment. Results. Clinical manifestations were varied, nonspecific, and frequently simulated other abdominal surgical conditions. Preoperative imaging, routine ultrasound examination and computed tomography in 3 cases confirmed the appendicular mucocele. The diagnosis was confirmed intraoperatively, the volume of surgical intervention being solved individually. Anatomopathological examination of the operative parts established the etiological and histopathological diagnosis. Intraoperative exploration of the organs of the peritoneal cavity and small pelvis was mandatory in differential diagnosis with cystic formations of the uterine appendages and organs of the abdominal cavity. Conclusions. Appendicular mucocele refers to rare surgical diseases, manifested by a nonspecific clinical picture. The thorough clinical – imaging, histopathological exploration of each patient correctly determines surgical strategies

Dieulafoy disease. Diagnostic and treatment issues

This article includes the management of one clinical case. A 27 years old patient was urgently hospitalized with upper digestive hemorrhage diagnosis, caused by Dieulafoy disease. The primary diagnosis was confused and needs more pre- and intraoperative confirmations. Histological and morphological examinations confirmed the clinical diagnosis. The surgical treatment and intensive care contribute to removal of vital risk and better therapeutic outcome

Endometrioza apendicelui vermicular ce a simulat apendicita acută

Catedra 2 Chirurgie, USMF „Nicolae Testemiţanu”Autorii relatează un caz clinic de endometioza apendicelui vermicular. Pacienta în vârstă de 22 ani s-a internat cu acuze clasice de apendicită acută. Examenul paraclinic efectuat a stabilit modificări caracteristice. A fost efectuată laparotomia Mc-Burney pe dreapta, intraoperator fiind depistate congestia apendicelui şi o formaţiune de volum mobilă, de 1,5 cm. Examenul histomorfologic a confirmat diagnosticul anterior. Este necesar consultația medicului ginecolog pentru un tratament hormonal complex.The authors report a clinical case of endometriosis of the appendix. 22 year old patient was admitted with acute appendicitis classic blame. Paraclinical examination established characteristic changes. A laparotomy was performed on the right Mc-Burney. Appendix congestion and mobile formation volume of 1,5 cm were detected intraoperatively. Histomorfologic examination confirmed the previous diagnosis. Gynecologist consultation is necessary for complex hormonal treatment

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: implications and management

Scopul lucrării. Peritonita bacteriană spontană (PBS) în ciroză este o entitate frecventă, severă grevată de provocări medicochirurgicale complexe. Scopul studiului a fost de a urmări implicațiile clinico-evolutive ale PBS și impactul tratamentului. Materiale și metode. Am analizat datele colectate dintr-un studiu retrospectiv, incluzând 56 de pacienți cirotici (37 bărbați (46,6%) cu vârsta medie de 49,5) selecţionaţi pe criterii clinice, de laborator ( PNM în mm3 – 984, neutrofile – 61,8%) şi endo imagistice. Rezultate. Expresia clinică, la momentul diagnosticului, a fost dominată de distensie/dureri abdominale – 46,6%, ileus paralitic– 13,3%, encefalopatie hepatică – 33,3%, febră – 30%, vomă /diaree – 10%. 76 de pacienți (22,1%) - antecedente hemoragice, iar 6,6% au fost asimptomatici. Managementul acestor pacienți a variat de la medicație diuretică + paracenteze terapeutice + antibioterapie sistemică (n = 19), la tratament complex miniinvaziv laparo – endoscopic ( n = 30). Tratamentul chirurgical prin laparotomie a fost efectuat la 4 cazuri cu evoluție complicată și 3 cazuri cu peritonita secundară asociată. Evoluția fără complicații vs complicată (sepsis, hemoragii variceale, insuficiență multiviscerală) a fost observată în 19 vs 37 cazuri. Mortalitatea intraspitalicească,asociată scorului înalt Vocall-Peen și MELD-Na, a fost 21,4% (12 p.). Concluzii. În urma analizei prezentate, problematica PBS în ciroză rămâne un subiect de actualitate cu opţiuni terapeutice limitate și factorii de risc de mortalitate ridicată: diagnostic tardiv/șocul toxico-septic, insuficiență hepatică.Aim of study. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) in cirrhosis is a frequent entity, burdened with complex medical and surgical challenges. The aim is to assess the clinical-evolutionary implications of SBP and the treatment impact. Materials and methods. We analyzed data collected from a retrospective study, including 56 cirrhotic patients (37 males (46.6%) mean age of 49.5), selected based on clinical, laboratory (PMN in mm3 - 984, neutrophils - 61.8%), and endo imaging criteria. Results. The clinical presentation at the time of diagnosis was dominated by abdominal distension/pain - 46.6%, paralytic ileus - 13.3%, hepatic encephalopathy - 33.3%, fever - 30%, vomiting/diarrhea - 10%. 76 patients (22.1%) - history of bleeding, while 6.6% -asymptomatic. The management of these patients varied from diuretic medication + therapeutic paracentesis + systemic antibiotic therapy (n = 19) to complex minimally invasive laparo-endoscopic treatment (n = 30). Surgical treatment by laparotomy was performed in 4 cases with complicated evolution and 3 cases with associated secondary peritonitis. Uncomplicated vs complicated evolution (sepsis, multivisceral failure) was observed in 19 vs 37 cases. In-hospital mortality, associated with a high Vocall-Peen and MELD-Na score, was 21,4% (12 p). Conclusions. Following the presented analysis, the problem of PBS in cirrhosis remains a topical issue with limited therapeutic options and high mortality risk factors:late diagnosis, toxic-septic shock, liver failure