Etude Bibliographique et Phytochimique de Quelques Plantes Médicinales Utilisées Pour Le Traitement de Certaines Maladies par les Tradipraticiens de la Zone de l’Azawagh au Niger

Une enquête ethnobotanique menée dans la zone de l’Azawagh au Niger a permis de recenser et sélectionner trente (30) plantes contre diverses pathologies. Le but de ce travail est de justifier l’utilisation traditionnelle de ces plantes par les tradipraticiens sur la base d’une approche bibliographique. Un criblage phytochimique ainsi qu’une documentation approfondie (rapport d’enquête, articles, thèses…) ont servi de méthodologie. L’analyse phytochimique a permis de mettre en évidence plusieurs familles de métabolites secondaires ayant un lien avec les usages thérapeutiques des plantes utilisées. De même, la revue bibliographique a montré des usages similaires de ces plantes dans plusieurs pays. La présence des métabolites secondaires et les usages similaires justifient largement l’utilisation de ces plantes médicinales dans la zone de l’Azawagh. An ethnobotanical survey carried out in the zone of the Azawagh (Niger) permitted to count and to select thirty (30) plants against various pathologies. The aim of this work is to justify the use of these plants by traditional healers on the basis of a bibliographic approach. A phytochemical screening as well as an extensive documentation (survey report, articles, thesis ...) served as methodology. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of several secondary metabolites families having a tie with the therapeutic uses of the plants used. In the same way, the bibliographic study showed similar uses of these plants in several countries. The presence of the secondary metabolites and the similar uses justify the use of these medicinal plants in the region of the Azawagh

Evaluation de l’état nutritionnel des enfants malnutris dans deux centres de santé de Tessaoua (Niger) après des aliments thérapeutiques: Assessment of the nutritional status of malnourished children in two health centers of Tessaoua (Niger) who received therapeutic foods

Context & objective. The therapeutic foods with high nutritional value are usually used in nutritional recovery in malnourished children, the effect of this food is not well known. This present study aimed to determine the impact of these foods in improving the nutritional status of malnourished children. Methods. In a cohort prospective study, 300 mother-child couples (aged from 0 to 59 months) of two health centers of the urban municipality of Tessaoua; were enrolled from June and September 2019. F75, F100, Plumpy Nut and CSB Plus flour were used and the weight gain assessed. Results. Children (extremes: 6 -23 months; 78.7%) from vulnerable parents (low education: 72.5 %; housewives: 58%) were mainly malnourished.The average weight gain by Kg/day was of 18.43 g, 6.58 g, and 3.72 g in children at CRENI, CRENAS, and CRENAM, respectively. We found a strong correlation between the weight gain and the type of food used. Almost all of the children of CRENI gained ≥ 11g / Kg /day. Conclusion. There was significant correlation between weight gain and therapeutic foods used for nutritional rehabilitation. Contexte & objectif. Les aliments thérapeutiques à haute valeur nutritionnelle sont utilisés dans la récupération nutritionnelle chez les patients malnutris, mais l’effet de ces aliments n’est pas très bien connu. L’objectif de la présente étude était de déterminer l’effet de ces aliments dans l’amélioration de l’état nutritionnel des enfants malnutris. Méthodes. C’était une étude de cohorte prospective menée au niveau des deux centres santé de la commune urbaine de Tessaoua auprès de 300 copules mères-enfants (âgés de 0 à 59 mois), entre juin et septembre 2019. Les aliments thérapeutiques utilisés sont le F75, F100, Plumpy-Nut et la farine CSB-Plus. Le critère de jugement était essentiellement un gain pondéral. Résultats. La malnutrition touchait surtout les enfants de 6 à 23 mois (78,7 %), provenant des familles pour la plupart des parents vulnérables ayant un niveau d’instruction bas (72,5 %) et des mères ménagères (58%). Les enfants qui étaient au CRENI, sous régime F75-F100-PPN ont un gain de poids moyen de 18,43g/Kg/Jr, tandis que ceux du CRENAS et du CRENAM avaient respectivement gagné ; 6,58g/Kg/Jr et 3,72g/Kg/Jr. Une forte corrélation a été observée entre le gain pondéral et les aliments utilisés, puisque 91,95% des gains de poids ≥ 11g/Kg/Jr ont été atteints par les enfants du CRENI. Conclusion. La corrélation est très significative entre le gain pondéral et les aliments thérapeutiques utilisés

C-Alkyl-bis-phosphoryl chelating systems for the potential recovery of strategic metals

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Synthesis of Unnatural Phosphonosugar Analogues.

International audienceThe first synthesis of new cyclic phosphonates (phostones), analogues of pentafuranoses containing a phosphorus atom in place of the anomeric carbon in the deoxyribose and deoxyxylose series, is described. Two methods, of respectively six and seven steps, were developed in parallel, and each gave the racemic phosphonosugars in good yields. Compounds analogous to the alpha and beta anomers were isolated and fully characterized by NMR spectroscopy

C17- Étude phytochimique et tocolytique des macérés éthanolique des feuilles et des écorces du tronc de Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich.) Hochst (Anacardiaceae) récoltés à Matamèye (Niger)

Introduction : Sclerocarya birrea (A.Rich.) Hochst est une plante utilisée comme des précurseurs de composés naturels bioactifs utilisées par l’homme pour ses diverses propriétés telles qu’antihelminthiques, antibactériennes, antioxydantes, antidiabétiques, anti-inflammatoires et éventuellement un effet sur l’utérus gravide. Le but de cette étude était de comparer la composition phytochimique et l’activité contractile sur l’utérus isolé des macérés éthanolique des feuilles et des écorces du tronc de Sclerocarya birrea (A.Rich.) Hochst. Méthodes :Les polyphénols et flavonoïdes ont été quantifiés. Les activités biochimiques (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP et 15-LOX) et l’effet contractile de muscle lisse utérin isolé des souris NMRI ont été évalués in vitro. Resultats et Discussion : La plus forte teneur des phénoliques totaux (490,3 ± 2,98 µg EAG/mgEs) a été obtenu avec l’écorce et celle des flavonoïdes (380,6 ± 0,37 µg EQ/mgEs) avec les feuilles. Les plus faibles CI50 en µg/mL, ont été obtenues avec l’extrait des écorces avec 1,94 ± 0,20 contre 4,22 ± 0,19 d’acide ascorbique pour le DPPH ; 34,17 contre 21,43 zileuton pour15-Lypoxygénase et 1,40 ± 0,05 des extraits des feuilles contre 3,08 ± 0,07 d’acide ascorbique pour l’ABTS. Les extraits des écorces et des feuilles avaient inhibés les spasmes utérins de base. L’extrait des écorces s’est révélé plus antioxydant par rapport à l’extrait des feuilles, ceci pourrait être dû à la forte teneur en polyphénols. En effet, l’utilisation traditionnelle de cette plante par les parturientes pourrait être liée à ses effets antioxydant et tocolytique

Synthesis of unnatural 2- and 3-deoxyfuranose analogues.

International audienceThis Letter describes the synthesis of two racemic analogues of unnatural 3′-deoxy and 2′-deoxy sugars, where a phosphorus atom replaces the carbon atom in the 2′- or 3′-position. Two methods of four- and 5-steps were developed affording these new unnatural sugar analogues

Corrigendum to “Synthesis of unnatural 2- and 3-deoxyfuranose analogues” [Tetrahedron Lett. 55 (2014) 3706–3708]

International audienc

Antibacterial Activity of Eight Medicinal Plants from the Traditional Pharmacopoeia of Niger

The emergence of multidrug bacterial resistance poses a great public health problem and requires a constant search for new antibacterial agents. However, Niger’s flora possesses several medicinal plants used in traditional medicine to cure infectious diseases and can be used as sources of bioactive ingredients. This current study was designed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of eight plants used in the traditional pharmacopeia of Niger. The extracts were prepared by maceration using ethanol, methanol, and distilled water. The obtained extracts were screened against Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., and Escherichia coli using the microdilution method coupled with a resazurin-based assay. Phytochemical screening was performed using colorimetry, while the quantification of total polyphenols, total flavonoids, and total tannins was determined by spectrophotometry. Out of the eight plants obtained, five named Cassia italica, Limeum pterocarpum, Phyllanthus pentandrus, Strychnos innocua, and Ximenia americanum exhibited antibacterial activity with MICs ranging from 500 μg/mL to 2000 μg/mL. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloids, saponosides, tannins, flavonoids, terpenes/sterols, quinones, and polyphenols. The ethanolic and methanolic extracts of X. americana contained important quantities of total polyphenols, with 43.59 ± 0.15 and 41.97 ± 0.02 mg EAG/100 mg of extract, respectively. These extracts showed the highest contents of total tannins at 46.49 g/L and 45.52 g/L, respectively. For total flavonoids, the highest content was obtained with the methanolic extract of P. pentandrus, with 3.12 ± 0.01 mg QE/100 mg of extract. These findings justify the uses of these plants in traditional medicine for the treatment of infectious diseases such as diarrhea and can be used as starting points for the development of phytodrugs against infectious diarrhea

Plasmodium falciparum kelch13 polymorphisms identified after treatment failure with artemisinin-based combination therapy in Niger

Abstract Background Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) is the most effective treatment for malaria, and has significantly reduced morbimortality. Polymorphisms associated with the Plasmodium falciparum Kelch gene (Pfkelch13) have been associated with delayed parasite clearance even with ACT treatment. Methods The Pfkelch13 gene was sequenced from P. falciparum infected patients (n = 159) with uncomplicated malaria in Niger. An adequate clinical and parasitological response (ACPR) was reported in 155 patients. Four (n = 4) patients had treatment failure (TF) that were not reinfections—two of which had late parasitological failures (LPF) and two had late clinical failures (LCF). Results Thirteen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified of which seven were non-synonymous (C469R, T508S, R515T, A578S, I465V, I437V, F506L,), and three were synonymous (P443P, P715P, L514L). Three SNP (C469R, F506L, P715P) were present before ACT treatment, while seven mutations (C469R, T508S, R515T, L514L, P443P, I437V, I465V) were selected by artemether/lumefantrine (AL)—five of which were non-synonymous (C469R, T508S, R515T, I437V, I465V). Artesunate/amodiaquine (ASAQ) has selected any mutation. One sample presented three cumulatively non-synonymous SNPs—C469R, T508S, R515T. Conclusions This study demonstrates intra-host selection of Pfkelch13 gene by AL. The study highlights the importance of LCF and LPF parasites in the selection of resistance to ACT. Further studies using gene editing are required to confirm the potential implication of resistance to ACT with the most common R515T and T508S mutations. It would also be important to elucidate the role of cumulative mutations