Persistent colonization of non-lymphoid tissue-resident macrophages by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

Accumulating evidence has revealed that lymphoid tissue-resident commensal bacteria (e.g. Alcaligenes spp.) survive within dendritic cells. We extended our previous study by investigating microbes that persistently colonize colonic macrophages. 16S rRNA-based metagenome analysis using DNA purified from murine colonic macrophages revealed the presence of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. The in situ intracellular colonization by S. maltophilia was recapitulated in vitro by using bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). Co-culture of BMDMs with clinically isolated S. maltophilia led to increased mitochondrial respiration and robust IL-10 production. We further identified a 25-kDa protein encoded by the gene assigned as smlt2713 (recently renamed as SMLT_RS12935) and secreted by S. maltophilia as the factor responsible for enhanced IL-10 production by BMDMs. IL-10 production is critical for maintenance of the symbiotic condition, because intracellular colonization by S. maltophilia was impaired in IL-10-deficient BMDMs, and smlt2713-deficient S. maltophilia failed to persistently colonize IL-10-competent BMDMs. These findings indicate a novel commensal network between colonic macrophages and S. maltophilia that is mediated by IL-10 and smlt2713

看護大学生の卒業前看護技術演習の効果

今年度初めて,卒業前の学生に看護技術に対する不安の軽減を図ることを目的とした看護技術演習を行った。演習項目は,「経口薬の与薬」「筋肉注射」「点滴静脈注射」「輸液ポンプ」「採血」「膀胱内留置カテーテル挿入」「聴診」「経管栄養」「気管内吸引」である。指導には,教員の他に卒業生インストラクターが参加した。演習の参加は自由であり,参加した学生には無記名自記式質問紙により演習前の不安の強さと看護技術到達度について,演習後に,不安の変化と看護技術到達度の調査を行った。その結果,演習後に看護技術到達度は上昇し,学生の看護技術に対する不安は軽減した。卒業前の看護技術演習は,学生の看護技術に対する不安の軽減に効果があることが明らかとなった。また,卒業生インストラクターの参加は,学生が臨床に触れる機会となり新人看護職員研修のイメ-ジ化につながり,就職に対する不安を軽減する効果があると考えられた。Health Crisis management duties relating to specific food preparation and distribution facilities managed by Public Health Centres have been announced by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. According to these guidelines, nutritionally balanced meals should be safely provided, even in disastersituations. Therefore, such facilities should be prepared for disaster at all times and they should not neglect to ensure that they are able to provide help to each other in times of emergency. In this regard, after carrying outan assessment on the disaster preparation of some of these facilities in the city of Hamamatsu in ShizuokaPrefecture, results suggest that the organizational abilities of Registered Dietitians in Public Health Centresplay a very important role in disaster prevention training, which involves both regional and external participants

Loss of yata, a Novel Gene Regulating the Subcellular Localization of APPL, Induces Deterioration of Neural Tissues and Lifespan Shortening

Background: The subcellular localization of membrane and secreted proteins is finely and dynamically regulated through intracellular vesicular trafficking for permitting various biological processes. Drosophila Amyloid precursor protein like (APPL) and Hikaru genki (HIG) are examples of proteins that show differential subcellular localization among several developmental stages. Methodology/Principal Findings: During the study of the localization mechanisms of APPL and HIG, we isolated a novel mutant of the gene, CG1973, which we named yata. This molecule interacted genetically with Appl and is structurally similar to mouse NTKL/SCYL1, whose mutation was reported to cause neurodegeneration. yata null mutants showed phenotypes that included developmental abnormalities, progressive eye vacuolization, brain volume reduction, and lifespan shortening. Exogenous expression of Appl or hig in neurons partially rescued the mutant phenotypes of yata. Conversely, the phenotypes were exacerbated in double null mutants for yata and Appl. We also examined the subcellular localization of endogenous APPL and exogenously pulse-induced APPL tagged with FLAG by immunostaining the pupal brain and larval motor neurons in yata mutants. Our data revealed that yata mutants showed impaired subcellular localization of APPL. Finally, yata mutant pupal brains occasionally showed aberrant accumulation of Sec23p, a component of the COPII coat of secretory vesicles traveling from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi

Nucleolin Participates in DNA Double-Strand Break-Induced Damage Response through MDC1-Dependent Pathway.

H2AX is an important factor for chromatin remodeling to facilitate accumulation of DNA damage-related proteins at DNA double-strand break (DSB) sites. In order to further understand the role of H2AX in the DNA damage response (DDR), we attempted to identify H2AX-interacting proteins by proteomics analysis. As a result, we identified nucleolin as one of candidates. Here, we show a novel role of a major nucleolar protein, nucleolin, in DDR. Nucleolin interacted with γ-H2AX and accumulated to laser micro-irradiated DSB damage sites. Chromatin Immunoprecipitation assay also displayed the accumulation of nucleolin around DSB sites. Nucleolin-depleted cells exhibited repression of both ATM-dependent phosphorylation following exposure to γ-ray and subsequent cell cycle checkpoint activation. Furthermore, nucleolin-knockdown reduced HR and NHEJ activity and showed decrease in IR-induced chromatin accumulation of HR/NHEJ factors, agreeing with the delayed kinetics of γ-H2AX focus. Moreover, nucleolin-knockdown decreased MDC1-related events such as focus formation of 53 BP1, RNF168, phosphorylated ATM, and H2A ubiquitination. Nucleolin also showed FACT-like activity for DSB damage-induced histone eviction from chromatin. Taken together, nucleolin could promote both ATM-dependent cell cycle checkpoint and DSB repair by functioning in an MDC1-related pathway through its FACT-like function

Dietary habits and issues of junior high school students in a town in Gunma Prefecture

The purpose of this study was to understand the actual conditions of the dietary habits and to examine issues of junior high school students in a town in Gunma, Japan. In 2012, we conducted an anonymous self-reported questionnaire of all 163 students attending the junior high school in that area. Survey contents were as follows: Eating habits (such as taking breakfast and vegetables, food preferences), and food culture(such as awareness of food culture,taking locally produced foods). The survey resulted in a 64.4％ response rate. It was shown that 100 students (95.2％) took breakfast almost every day. Only 6 students(5.8％)took five or more servings of vegetables per day.34 students took breakfast with their family(32.4％) and 86 students took dinner with their family(81.9％). Less than 40％ of the students knew about locally produced food (n＝37,35.2％)or took those products often (n＝40,38.1％). With the results of the survey’s data, certain issues have been raised, and new procedures have been implemented. Dietary habits and issues are as follows: further promotion regarding taking breakfast, communication with the family while taking meals, promotion of increasing the daily vegetable intake, and understanding of food culture