L’Intelligence Stratégique et l’innovation dans une entreprise publique : une analyse par l’approche holistique

In a context marked by a diversity of reforms, unpredictability of crisis and an intensity of ecosystem requirements, public enterprises meet challenges qualified as complex and multi-dimensional. In addition, there is an increasing need to innovate products, services, and managerial practices. Meeting these challenges requires switching the mode of management to a more proactive one based on Strategic Intelligence. In our knowledge, the previous studies analyzed the impact of Strategic Intelligence on innovation from different angles and without articulating the functions of Strategic Intelligence which generate ambiguities involved in practical application. For this purpose, our study aims to investigate how to articulate Strategic Intelligence with innovation in a public enterprise. Our study was based on the qualitative method by conducting interviews in a public enterprise. The main results of our study pointed out that Strategic Intelligence could support innovation through its triptych, highlighting the importance of adopting a holistic approach to analyze Strategic Intelligence and innovation.Dans un contexte marqué par la diversité des réformes, l’imprévisibilité des crises et l’intensité des besoins de l’écosystème, les entreprises publiques relèvent des défis complexes et multidimensionnels. Aussi, il est nécessaire  d’innover les produits, les services et les pratiques managériales. Relever ces défis revient à adopter un mode de gestion proactif, fondé sur l’Intelligence Stratégique. À notre connaissance, les études précédentes ont analysé l’impact de l’Intelligence Stratégique sur l’innovation sous différents angles sans articuler les différentes fonctions de l’Intelligence Stratégique générant ainsi des ambiguïtés quant à son application pratique. À cette fin, notre étude vise à étudier comment articuler l’Intelligence Stratégique et l’innovation dans une entreprise publique. Notre étude a adopté la méthode  qualitative à travers le guide d’entretien. Les résultats de notre étude montrent que l’Intelligence Stratégique soutient l’innovation grâce à son triptyque ce qui interpelle l’importance de l’adoption d’une approche holistique pour l’analyse de l’Intelligence Stratégique et de l’innovation

Strategic Intelligence and Innovation in a Public Enterprise: Analysis Based on the Holistic Approach

In a context marked by a diversity of reforms, unpredictability of crisis and an intensity of ecosystem requirements, public enterprises meet challenges qualified as complex and multi-dimensional. In addition, there is an increasing need to innovate products, services, and managerial practices. Meeting these challenges requires switching the mode of management to a more proactive one based on Strategic Intelligence. In our knowledge, the previous studies analyzed the impact of Strategic Intelligence on innovation from different angles and without articulating the functions of Strategic Intelligence which generate ambiguities involved in practical application. For this purpose, our study aims to investigate how to articulate Strategic Intelligence with innovation in a public enterprise. Our study was based on the qualitative method by conducting interviews in a public enterprise. The main results of our study pointed out that Strategic Intelligence could support innovation through its triptych, highlighting the importance of adopting a holistic approach to analyze Strategic Intelligence and innovation

Helicobacter pylori infection among type 2 diabetics: a case control study

Background: Helicobacter pylori infection has been associated with hyperglycemia among type 2 diabetics. The objective of this study was to compare the H. pylori infection frequency in diabetic and non-diabetic patients.Methods: This case-control study was done at Al-Tibri Medical College and Hospital from May 2019 to August 2019. After written and informed consent, patients between 18-75 years with epigastric burning, dyspepsia, regurgitation were included and with history of eradication therapy, antibiotic or NSAID use in the last 6 months or surgery of upper GI tract months were excluded. Type 2 diabetics were placed in one group and non-diabetic individuals in another. Both groups were compared for presence of H. pylori infection. Data was analysed using SPSS. Demographic variables included age, gender and status of H. pylori infection. Quantitative data was expressed as frequency and percentages. Chi-square test was applied to test for significance keeping p-value of <0.05 statistically significant.Results: From 480 patients, 355 patients showed positive H. pylori, among them 282 were diabetic and 73 non-diabetic (p-value <0.001). Amongst the 355 diabetics, 55% were male Among 73 non-diabetics, 64% were male. All the patients in the study had dyspeptic symptoms and complained of dyspepsia, epigastric burning and regurgitation.Conclusions: A substantial relationship between H. pylori infection among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients was observed compared to non-diabetics. As a result, diabetic patients having active dyspeptic symptoms should undergo further confirmatory tests for diagnosing H. pylori infection

Financial and social efficiency of microcredit programs of partner organizations of Pakistan Poverty Alleviation Fund.

This paper examines the financial and social efficiency of the microcredit programs offered by the Pakistan Poverty Alleviation Fund partner organizations. Panel data concerning variables of interest are collected from Pakistan Microfinance Network, covering a minimum of 14 partner organizations (in 2005) to a maximum of 35 partner organizations (in 2014). The data is analyzed using the Data Envelopment Analysis, assuming both constant and variable returns to scale scenarios and the operational scale of the partner organizations. Trends in average efficiency scores have been analyzed to assess the mission drift of the partner organizations. Results reveal that managerial inefficiency is more pronounced than the sub-optimal production scale in all three scenarios under consideration. Moreover, trends in the efficiency scores indicated a slight mission drift of the microfinance providers. About 77.5% of the partner organizations were financially sustainable over the entire study period. The study recommends providing objective-oriented training, workshops, and seminars for managing microfinance providers

Nanophotonics: Fundamentals, Challenges, Future Prospects and Applied Applications

Nanophotonics encompasses a wide range of nontrivial physical effects including light-matter interactions that are well beyond diffraction limits, and have opened up new avenues for a variety of applications in light harvesting, sensing, luminescence, optical switching, and media transmitting technologies. Recently, growing expertise of fusing nanotechnology and photonics has become fundamental, arising outskirts, challenging basic experimentation and opportunities for new technologies in our daily lives, and played a central role in many optical systems. It entails the theoretical study of photon’s interactions with matter at incredibly small scales, known as nanostructures, in order to prepare nanometer scale devices and accessories for processing, development, slowing down, influencing, and/or regulating photons through comprehending their behavior while interacting with or otherwise traveling via matter. This multidisciplinary field has also made an impact on industry, allowing researchers to explore new horizons in design, applied science, physical science, chemistry, materials science, and biomedical technologies. The foundations, nano-confinements, quantum manifestations, nanoscale interactions, numerical methods, and peculiarities of nonlinear optical phenomena in nano-photonics as well as projected nano-photonics consumption’s in our cutting-edge world, will be covered in this chapter

Effect of early tranexamic acid administration on mortality, hysterectomy, and other morbidities in women with post-partum haemorrhage (WOMAN): an international, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Background Post-partum haemorrhage is the leading cause of maternal death worldwide. Early administration of tranexamic acid reduces deaths due to bleeding in trauma patients. We aimed to assess the effects of early administration of tranexamic acid on death, hysterectomy, and other relevant outcomes in women with post-partum haemorrhage. Methods In this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we recruited women aged 16 years and older with a clinical diagnosis of post-partum haemorrhage after a vaginal birth or caesarean section from 193 hospitals in 21 countries. We randomly assigned women to receive either 1 g intravenous tranexamic acid or matching placebo in addition to usual care. If bleeding continued after 30 min, or stopped and restarted within 24 h of the first dose, a second dose of 1 g of tranexamic acid or placebo could be given. Patients were assigned by selection of a numbered treatment pack from a box containing eight numbered packs that were identical apart from the pack number. Participants, care givers, and those assessing outcomes were masked to allocation. We originally planned to enrol 15 000 women with a composite primary endpoint of death from all-causes or hysterectomy within 42 days of giving birth. However, during the trial it became apparent that the decision to conduct a hysterectomy was often made at the same time as randomisation. Although tranexamic acid could influence the risk of death in these cases, it could not affect the risk of hysterectomy. We therefore increased the sample size from 15 000 to 20 000 women in order to estimate the effect of tranexamic acid on the risk of death from post-partum haemorrhage. All analyses were done on an intention-to-treat basis. This trial is registered with ISRCTN76912190 (Dec 8, 2008); ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00872469; and PACTR201007000192283. Findings Between March, 2010, and April, 2016, 20 060 women were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive tranexamic acid (n=10 051) or placebo (n=10 009), of whom 10 036 and 9985, respectively, were included in the analysis. Death due to bleeding was significantly reduced in women given tranexamic acid (155 [1·5%] of 10 036 patients vs 191 [1·9%] of 9985 in the placebo group, risk ratio [RR] 0·81, 95% CI 0·65–1·00; p=0·045), especially in women given treatment within 3 h of giving birth (89 [1·2%] in the tranexamic acid group vs 127 [1·7%] in the placebo group, RR 0·69, 95% CI 0·52–0·91; p=0·008). All other causes of death did not differ significantly by group. Hysterectomy was not reduced with tranexamic acid (358 [3·6%] patients in the tranexamic acid group vs 351 [3·5%] in the placebo group, RR 1·02, 95% CI 0·88–1·07; p=0·84). The composite primary endpoint of death from all causes or hysterectomy was not reduced with tranexamic acid (534 [5·3%] deaths or hysterectomies in the tranexamic acid group vs 546 [5·5%] in the placebo group, RR 0·97, 95% CI 0·87-1·09; p=0·65). Adverse events (including thromboembolic events) did not differ significantly in the tranexamic acid versus placebo group. Interpretation Tranexamic acid reduces death due to bleeding in women with post-partum haemorrhage with no adverse effects. When used as a treatment for postpartum haemorrhage, tranexamic acid should be given as soon as possible after bleeding onset. Funding London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Pfizer, UK Department of Health, Wellcome Trust, and Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

L’Intelligence Stratégique et l’innovation dans une entreprise publique : une analyse par l’approche holistique

In a context marked by a diversity of reforms, unpredictability of crisis and an intensity of ecosystem requirements, public enterprises meet challenges qualified as complex and multi-dimensional. In addition, there is an increasing need to innovate products, services, and managerial practices. Meeting these challenges requires switching the mode of management to a more proactive one based on Strategic Intelligence. In our knowledge, the previous studies analyzed the impact of Strategic Intelligence on innovation from different angles and without articulating the functions of Strategic Intelligence which generate ambiguities involved in practical application. For this purpose, our study aims to investigate how to articulate Strategic Intelligence with innovation in a public enterprise. Our study was based on the qualitative method by conducting interviews in a public enterprise. The main results of our study pointed out that Strategic Intelligence could support innovation through its triptych, highlighting the importance of adopting a holistic approach to analyze Strategic Intelligence and innovation.Dans un contexte marqué par la diversité des réformes, l’imprévisibilité des crises et l’intensité des besoins de l’écosystème, les entreprises publiques relèvent des défis complexes et multidimensionnels. Aussi, il est nécessaire  d’innover les produits, les services et les pratiques managériales. Relever ces défis revient à adopter un mode de gestion proactif, fondé sur l’Intelligence Stratégique. À notre connaissance, les études précédentes ont analysé l’impact de l’Intelligence Stratégique sur l’innovation sous différents angles sans articuler les différentes fonctions de l’Intelligence Stratégique générant ainsi des ambiguïtés quant à son application pratique. À cette fin, notre étude vise à étudier comment articuler l’Intelligence Stratégique et l’innovation dans une entreprise publique. Notre étude a adopté la méthode  qualitative à travers le guide d’entretien. Les résultats de notre étude montrent que l’Intelligence Stratégique soutient l’innovation grâce à son triptyque ce qui interpelle l’importance de l’adoption d’une approche holistique pour l’analyse de l’Intelligence Stratégique et de l’innovation

Social and financial efficiency: Institutional characteristics of the partner organizations of Pakistan Poverty Alleviation Fund.

Efficiency analysis of the Partner Organizations can benefit all the microfinance sector's key stakeholders to benchmark the current scene and formulate optimal policy agenda. This study seeks to measure the partner organizations of the Pakistan Poverty Alleviation Fund's social and financial efficiency and to identify causes and sources of their inefficiencies. A non-parametric technique known as Data Envelopment Analysis is applied to investigate the Partner Organizations' efficiency throughout 2005-2015. The required data was obtained from the database of the Mix-Market and Pakistan Microfinance Network. The social and financial efficiency was estimated assuming Constant Return to Scale, Variable Return to Scale, and with respect to the Operational Scale of the Partner Organizations. Results revealed that the partner organizations are more scale efficient (median = 75%) than pure technically efficient (median = 55%). Further, graphical representations show a decreasing linear trend and negative serial correlation in the percentage of efficient partner organizations. The model fit results show that institutional characteristics that influence partner organizations' efficiencies significantly include their age, Operational Self-Sufficiency, personnel, loan officers, assets and debt. Finally, the diagnostic tests for endogeneity, heteroskedasticity, heterogeneity, and cross-sectional dependence were performed

Financial and social efficiency of microcredit programs of partner organizations of Pakistan Poverty Alleviation Fund.

This paper examines the financial and social efficiency of the microcredit programs offered by the Pakistan Poverty Alleviation Fund partner organizations. Panel data concerning variables of interest are collected from Pakistan Microfinance Network, covering a minimum of 14 partner organizations (in 2005) to a maximum of 35 partner organizations (in 2014). The data is analyzed using the Data Envelopment Analysis, assuming both constant and variable returns to scale scenarios and the operational scale of the partner organizations. Trends in average efficiency scores have been analyzed to assess the mission drift of the partner organizations. Results reveal that managerial inefficiency is more pronounced than the sub-optimal production scale in all three scenarios under consideration. Moreover, trends in the efficiency scores indicated a slight mission drift of the microfinance providers. About 77.5% of the partner organizations were financially sustainable over the entire study period. The study recommends providing objective-oriented training, workshops, and seminars for managing microfinance providers