For low income minority women in Detroit, traveling to meet their family's needs is a daily battle

In recent years, for many the city of Detroit has been a poster child for America's rust belt decline. And while the urban core of the city has been consolidating, it still presents many challenges for those who need to travel within it. Jieun Lee, Igor Vojnovic, and Sue C. Grady explore the class and racial elements of these challenges, finding that, compared to men and those in the suburbs, for low income mothers of color, living in inner-city Detroit means traveling more often and for longer distances to fulfil basic needs such as work, healthcare and food shopping

Standing in the Shadows of Obesity: The Local Food Environment and Obesity in Detroit

Much of the literature examining associations between local food environments and obesity fail to consider whether or not respondents actually utilise the food stores around them. Drawing on survey data, this study examines the relationships between the neighbourhood food environment, mobility and obesity among residents from the lower eastside neighbourhoods of Detroit, Michigan. Certain dimensions of the local food environment are found to contribute to obesity, but these dimensions occur at different scales. Residents who rely on their immediate neighbourhood food environment have a higher likelihood of being obese than residents who do not utilise the stores around them. At a broader level, lower eastside Detroit residents with a greater concentration of fast food establishments around them have a higher possibility of being obese than residents with fewer fast food restaurants around them. The salience of the fast food environment warrants additional attention in terms of public health interventions.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/139092/1/tesg12227.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/139092/2/tesg12227_am.pd

Mononuclear silver(I) complexes with 1,7-phenanthroline as potent inhibitors of Candida growth

Mononuclear silver(I) complexes with 1,7-phenanthroline (1,7-phen), [Ag(NO3-O,O′) (1,7-phen-N7)2] (1) and [Ag(1,7-phen-N7)2]X, X = ClO4− (2), CF3SO3− (3), BF4− (4) and SbF6− (5) were synthesized and structurally characterized by NMR (1H and 13C), IR and UV–Vis spectroscopy and ESI mass spectrometry. The crystal structures of 1, 3 and 4 were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. In all these complexes, 1,7-phen coordinates to the Ag(I) ion in a monodentate fashion via the less sterically hindered N7 nitrogen atom. The investigation of the solution stability of 1–5 in DMSO revealed that they are sufficiently stable in this solvent at room temperature. Complexes 1–5 showed selectivity towards Candida spp. in comparison to bacteria, effectively inhibiting the growth of four different Candida species with minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) between 1.2 and 11.3 μM. Based on the lowest MIC values and the lowest cytotoxicity against healthy human fibroblasts with selectivity index of more than 30, the antifungal potential was examined in detail for the complex 1. It had the ability to attenuate C. albicans virulence and to reduce epithelial cell damage in the cell infection model. Induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) response has been detected in C. albicans, with fungal DNA being one of the possible target biomolecules. The toxicity profile of 1 in the zebrafish model (Danio rerio) revealed improved safety and activity in comparison to that of clinically utilized silver(I) sulfadiazine

Urban regeneration and sustainable housing renewal trends

Urban planning, affordable houses and protection of the cultural natural heritage are important elements to be considered in the design of sustainable urban realities. Homes for One Pound, Granby Four Streets CLT, Homebaked CLT, Make Liverpool CIC and Engage Liverpool CIC are examples of successful initiatives oriented to foster urban regeneration by promoting environmental quality and social cohesion

The relationship between the pricing of linear infrastructure and urban development patterns, the Metro Toronto experience

grantor: University of TorontoWith the incorporation of Metro Toronto in 1953, privileged linear infrastructure subsidies, which were particularly high on roads, were granted to the upper tier Metropolitan Toronto government and its outlying suburbs of North York, Scarborough and Etobicoke. These high subsidies enabled Metro to provide a fine web of high quality, rapid arterials and highways across the Metro Toronto jurisdiction--accelerating urban development into the region. However, it was not just that the outlying Metro suburbs were quickly serviced and urbanized, but the new subdivisions that were facilitated by these subsidies were low density, or alternatively stated, land extensive developments characterized largely by single family detached housing. The framework used for the research is welfare economics, which establishes the basis for the work on the optimal allocation of resources, public goods and services, and externalities. The text develops a framework for recognizing particular market failures and resource misallocations within an urban economy based on the characteristics of building prototypes. Through a study of these prototypes, it is then demonstrated that the discriminatory subsidies to the three outlying Metro suburbs had generated the under-pricing of linear infrastructure, not only encouraging premature urban encroachment into farmlands and natural areas, but also, an inefficient built form. The text not only covers the impacts of linear infrastructure pricing on the built environment, but it also includes assessments of social equity conditions of various policy initiatives that have generated a particular built form.Ph.D

The pathway towards sustainable development and sustainable urban forms

Encouraging an optimal allocation of resources through correct pricing would be the main policy initiative in fulfilling the equity conditions required for advancement toward sustainable development and sustainable U!ban forms. By recognizing the true costs in the pricing of urban private and public goods, U!ban regions would have a greater propensity to intensify to a more com.pact and efficient pattern of development, which would inevitably reduce their consumption of energy, material and land. Advancement towards sustainable urban forms, therefore, would be generated by improvements in the efficiency of various functions within the city and by subsequent increased levels of natural ecological preservation If correct pricing initiatives were to be introduced, planners would on the one hand have a critical role in ensuring that the full benefits of compact form are realized and, on the other hand, also be responsible for alleviating potential pressure points caused by the new direction of market forces. These new market directions would inevitably encourage greater compactness of development as opposed to spread patterns

Shaping Metropolitan Toronto: a study of linear infrastructure subsidies, 1954 - 66

With the incorporation of Metropolitan Toronto in 1953, privileged linear infrastructure subsidies were granted to the upper tier Metro Toronto government and its outlying suburbs of North York, Etobicoke, and Scarborough. These discriminatory grants enabled Metro Toronto to provide a fine web of high-quality, rapid arterials and highways across its jurisdiction -- accelerating suburbanization. The financing privileges granted to the outer Metro Toronto suburbs facilitated the development of an inefficient built form, realized with premature urban encroachment into undeveloped lands and building types characterized largely by land-extensive, single-family detached housing units.