Дефекты мембран эритроцитов у пациентов с нарушениями функции головного мозга (пилотное исследование)

The aim of the paper: to identify promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of pathological processes development based on the red blood cell membrane morphology and nanostructure in patients with brain disorders in the Intensive Care Unit.Materials and methods. The study included 24 patients from the anesthesiology and resuscitation ward of the Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology. Blood was acquired from the patients for standard tests, and all further tests were performed in vitro. The images of red blood cells were obtained using the atomic force microscope «NTEGRA Рrima» (NT-MDT, Russia) in semi-contact mode.Results. Patients from the anesthesiology and intensive care ward with traumatic brain injury, ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, cerebral edema, and post-hypoxic encephalopathy had different blood cell shapes and localized defects of different topology on the surface of erythrocyte membranes including defects of pallor, torus, and nanostructure.Conclusion. In this pilot study we have shown that several defects represent the trigger mechanisms for the development of a total membrane damage. Local topographic defects of nanostructures and abnormalities of erythrocyte morphology are irreversible. The number and quality of these abnormalities may eventually be used as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of pathological processes.Цель работы. Выявление перспективных диагностических и прогностических биомаркеров развития патологических процессов на основе особенностей морфологии и наноструктуры мембран эритроцитов у пациентов с нарушениями функции головного мозга, находящихся в отделении анестезиологии и реанимации.Материалы и методы. В исследование включили 24 пациента отделения анестезиологии и реанимации ФНКЦ РР. Кровь забирали у данных пациентов для стандартных анализов, и все дальнейшие исследования проводили in vitro. Изображения эритроцитов получали с помощью атомного силового микроскопа «NTEGRA Рrima» (NT-MDT, Россия) в полуконтактном режиме.Результаты. У пациентов отделения анестезиологии и реанимации с черепно-мозговой травмой, ишемическим и геморрагическим инсультом, отеком головного мозга, постгипоксической энцефалопатией имели место различные формы клеток крови, на поверхности мембраны эритроцитов возникали локальные дефекты различной топологии: дефекты пэллора, тора, наноструктуры.Заключение. В данном пилотном исследовании мы показали, что ряд дефектов являются стартовым механизмов развития тотальных повреждений мембран. Локальные топографические дефекты наноструктур, а также нарушения морфологии эритроцитов необратимы. Количество и качество этих нарушений в перспективе могут быть использованы как диагностический и прогностический биомаркер патологических процессов

Defects of Red Blood Cell Membranes in Patients with Brain Dysfunction (Pilot Study)

The aim of the paper: to identify promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of pathological processes development based on the red blood cell membrane morphology and nanostructure in patients with brain disorders in the Intensive Care Unit.Materials and methods. The study included 24 patients from the anesthesiology and resuscitation ward of the Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology. Blood was acquired from the patients for standard tests, and all further tests were performed in vitro. The images of red blood cells were obtained using the atomic force microscope «NTEGRA Рrima» (NT-MDT, Russia) in semi-contact mode.Results. Patients from the anesthesiology and intensive care ward with traumatic brain injury, ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, cerebral edema, and post-hypoxic encephalopathy had different blood cell shapes and localized defects of different topology on the surface of erythrocyte membranes including defects of pallor, torus, and nanostructure.Conclusion. In this pilot study we have shown that several defects represent the trigger mechanisms for the development of a total membrane damage. Local topographic defects of nanostructures and abnormalities of erythrocyte morphology are irreversible. The number and quality of these abnormalities may eventually be used as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of pathological processes

Functionalisation of graphene as a tool for developing nanomaterials with predefined properties

Graphene based nanomaterials (GBN) have been recently applied in a broad range of science and technology fields such as nanobiomedicine, electronics, energy storage and power generation exploiting their unique electronic structure, physical properties, and opportunities for modifying their surface using covalent and non-covalent interactions. In the present review we systematised the origins of GBN functionalisation using organic and inorganic molecules, polymers, biomolecules, and anticancer drugs. We show that varying the procedure of GBN functionalisation allows to obtain nanomaterials with desired properties that can be applied to the development of materials with enhanced physicochemical properties, nanoplatforms for drug delivery, nanobiosensors for detection of various biomolecules, as well as nanomaterials for bioimaging and diagnostics. The review can be useful for experts in the fields of material science and nanobiomedicine

Endometallofullerenes and their derivatives:Synthesis, physicochemical properties, and perspective application in biomedicine

We review all aspects of the synthesis, properties, and applications of endometallofullerenes (EMF) over the last 20 years. EMF represent a new class of nanosized objects with specific physicochemical properties defined by the encapsulation of individual atoms and small molecules with significant potential of practical applications in biology and medicine. One such application is an EMF based anticancer drug capable of activating antitumour immune response, inhibition of the tumour development, and inhibition of angiogenesis and metastasis. Another, separate application direction is the use of EMF as contrast agents

Covalent conjugates based on nanodiamonds with doxorubicin and a cytostatic drug from the group of 1,3,5-triazines::Synthesis, biocompatibility and biological activity

We report the synthesis of covalent conjugates of nanodiamonds with doxorubicin and a cytostatic drug from the class of 1,3,5-triazines. The obtained conjugates were identified using a number of physicochemical methods (IR-spectroscopy, NMR-spectroscopy, XRD, XPS, TEM). As a result of our study, it was found that ND-СONH-Dox and ND-COO-Diox showed good hemocompatibility, since they did not affect plasma coagulation hemostasis, platelet functional activity, and erythrocyte membrane. The ND-COO-Diox conjugates are also capable of binding to human serum albumin due to the presence of ND in their composition. In the study of the cytotoxic properties of ND-СONH-Dox and ND-COO-Diox in the T98G glioblastoma cell line, indicating that ND-СONH-Dox and ND-COO-Diox demonstrate greater cytotoxicity at lower concentrations of Dox and Diox in the composition of the conjugates compared to individual drugs; the cytotoxic effect of ND-COO-Diox was statistically significantly higher than that of ND-СONH-Dox at all concentrations studied. Greater cytotoxicity at lower concentrations of Dox and Diox in the composition of conjugates compared to individual cytostatics makes it promising to further study the specific antitumor activity and acute toxicity of these conjugates in models of glioblastoma in vivo. Our results demonstrated that ND-СONH-Dox and ND-COO-Diox enter HeLa cells predominantly via a nonspecific actin-dependent mechanism, while for ND-СONH-Dox a clathrin-dependent endocytosis pathway. All data obtained provide that the synthesized nanomaterials show a potential application as the agents for intertumoral administration. [Abstract copyright: Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Application of carbon nanostructures in biomedicine: realities, difficulties, prospects

The review systematizes data on the wide possibilities of practical application of carbon nanostructures. Much attention is paid to the use of carbon nanomaterials in medicine for the visualization of tumors during surgical interventions, in the creation of cosmetics, as well as in agriculture in the creation of fertilizers. Additionally, we demonstrate trends in research in the field of carbon nanomaterials with a view to elaborating targeted drug delivery systems. We also show the creation of nanosized medicinal substances and diagnostic systems, and the production of new biomaterials. A separate section is devoted to the difficulties in studying carbon nanomaterials. The review is intended for a wide range of readers, as well as for experts in the field of nanotechnology and nanomedicine.</p

Protective action of water-soluble fullerene adducts on the example of an adduct with L-arginine

We present radioprotective, antiglycating, and photoprotective properties of a water-soluble C60 fullerene derivative with L-arginine (C60-Arg) and composite films based on collagen containing C60-Arg. The synthesis of these materials is described. The identification of the synthesised materials was carried out using modern physicochemical methods of analysis. The physicochemical properties of aqueous solutions of C60-Arg, such as, particle size distribution, zeta potentials, distribution coefficient in the octan-1-ol–water system were measured. The computer simulation of the process of C60-Arg association in aqueous and isotonic solutions was carried out using Molecular Dynamics. Composite films based on collagen containing C60-Arg demonstrate significant improvement in mechanical properties, cell adhesion, and cell proliferation when the nano-modifier is added. This shows high potential for the use of the C60-Arg adduct in biomedicine

Modification of fullerene with amino acids as a method for obtaining biocompatible materials with a protective effect

Fullerenes and their derivatives have great potential for use as materials for medicine and biology. Fullerenes can enter into various reactions due to the presence of double bonds in their structure; it has also been repeatedly noted in the literature that the molecules have antiradical activity, biocompatibility, the ability to pass through biobarriers and immobilize various active molecules. In this work, a water-soluble adduct of C60 fullerene with glycine was synthesized, its physicochemical properties, biocompatibility were studied, and a protective effects toward collagen photodegradation as well as in the model reaction of human serum albumin glycation was shown.</p