From an element to a composition: Reconstruction of a vault of terracotta tubes from Timacum Minus, Serbia

Obnovom arheoloških iskopavanja antičkog kastela Timakum Minus 2019. godine stvorile su se nove mogućnosti za tumačenja njegovih građevina koje su istraživane pre više decenija. Među ostacima građevina oko antičkog kastela Timacum Minus-a posebnu pažnju privlači delimično istražen "objekat sa hipokaustom", naročito u pogledu njegovih konstruktivnih karakteristika. Pored inače čestih antičkih konstrukcija hipokausta i zidnog grejanja, među ostacima ove građevine uočena je i posebna vrsta građevinskih elemenata - keramičke cevi za svodove. Velika količina otkrivenih cevi ukazala je na to da je ova građevina zaista imala svodove izrađene od njih. Iako je pojava cevi za svodove prilikom istraživanja antičkih lokaliteta na tlu jugoistočne Evrope registrovana, ona nije dovoljno dokumentovana, kao što ni sama funkcija cevi često nije prepoznata. Jedan od razloga za to jeste nedovoljna upućenost istraživača u specifične karakteristike cevi za svodove i njihovu funkciju, usled čega se one mešaju sa vodovodnim cevima, tubulusima ili kalemovima vezanim za zidno grejanje - budući da svaki od tih elemenata pripada keramičkim proizvodima koji su namenjeni građevinarstvu. U radu su razmatrane karakteristike cevi za svodove na Timakum Minusu, kao i kontekst u kome su pronađene unutar "objekta sa hipokaustom". Na osnovu nalaza pečata kohorte Aurelije II Daradanorum određeno je da "objekat sa hipokaustom" i konstrukcija svodova od keramičkih cevi potiču iz III veka - u kome je i inače pojava tih svodova širom Rimskog carstva bila česta. Prilikom sistematizacije vrsta keramičkih cevi na Timakum Minusu posebno je izdvojena ona koje je bilo najviše u "objektu sa hipokaustom". U sklopu nje je prepoznat i sasvim specifičan centralni element koji je omogućavao da se dva niza cevi na istom pravcu, ali iz suprotnih smerova, međusobno spoje. Taj element je definisao oblik svoda kojim su bile pokrivene prostorije čiju je rekonstrukciju osnove bilo moguće izvršiti. Arhitektonske analize "objekta sa hipokaustom", kao i karakteristike uočene na samim cevima ukazale su na to da su prostorije bile pokrivene poluobličastim svodom, izgrađenim od lučnih vertikalnih nizova cevi koje su u temenu bile ,,zaključane" centralnim elementom. Rekonstrukcija izgleda cevi i načina njihovog ređanja uklapa se u hronologiju izvođenja objekta i svoda tokom III veka. Daljim statičkim analizama došlo se do još nekoliko saznanja. Pokazalo se da je preko svoda morao biti nanesen određen sloj malterne mase da bi debljina svoda dosegla optimalnu vrednost u opsegu 20-30 cm. Na osnovu proporcija objekta koje su određene u njegovoj osnovi ispitana je visina objekta, gde je grupa slučajeva takođe definisana proporcionalno. Prema našim analizama, zidovi prostorija "objekta sa hipokaustom" u kojima su cevi registrovane mogli su dosezati visinu do 3,08 m, dok je visina prostorija u temenu svoda mogla biti 6,16 m. Ovim istraživanjem pokušali smo da ukažemo na veliki značaj pojedinačnih arhitektonsko-građevinskih elemenata, a među njima i keramičkih cevi za svodove, kojima se često ne pridaje dovoljna pažnja. Nalazi keramičkih cevi za svodove u Timakum Minusu, uz izvršene arhitektonske analize, upotpunjuju sliku otkrivenog "objekta sa hipokaustom" iz više aspekata. Posebno je značajno definisanje njegove visine, koje je veoma teško za antičke građevine profane arhitekture na našem tlu budući da su najčešće sačuvane u prizemnoj ili temeljnoj zoni. Značaj nalaza keramičkih cevi za svodove u Timakum Minusu veliki je stoga što je on omogućio kako konkretno definisanje konteksta njihovog nalaza tako i rekonstrukciju oblika određenih delova građevine pomoću tog elementa, što do sada nije istraživano prilikom analiza antičke arhitekture na tlu jugoistočne Evrope.The renewal of the archaeological excavations of Timacum Minus in 2019 initiated extensive analyses and an additional interpretation of the results of previous excavations of its buildings. One of the buildings outside the fortification has attracted special attention, because of both its constructive solutions and its dimensions. Although the archaeological research of "the building with a hypocaust" has never been completed, there are enough discovered segments that indicate the applied building techniques and constructions. In addition to under-floor and wall heating systems, this building had vaults built of terracotta tubes. The rarely discovered and insufficiently documented examples of this type of vaulted structure in Roman architecture in south-eastern Europe necessitate a deeper analysis of their remains in Timacum Minus, with the aim of obtaining relevant information important not only for the reconstruction of the construction process and appearance of "the building with a hypocaust", but also for future architectural analyses of Roman buildings in the territory of Serbia and in the surrounding region

Democracy as a Turning Point: A Treatise on the Democratic Limits of Democracy

Nowadays, in the era of accelerated globalization, we are challenged to re-examine some basic postulates of democracy. The notions of individualism, human rights, freedoms and equality of chances must undergo serious changes because democracy is threatened from at least three sides. First, the global trend of empowerment of the far right makes us think about the efficiency of democracy\u27s defense mechanisms. Second, the dystopia of the world as a global village, when combined with the hyperreality of mass media, has transformed democracy into Beck’s risk society. And third, democracy is threatened by its inner paradoxes. Furthermore, our aim will be to show theoretically that democracy can only exist as a promise to come. Its fatal attraction lies in this deceptive nature. In the mist of mainstream interpretations, our opinion is that only a radical critique of democracy can help us deal with its self-destructive nature

Gastric tube ulcer perforating the pericardium after subtotal esophagectomy [Perforacija ulkusa želučanog supstituta u perikard nakon subtotalne ezofagektomije]

Subtotal esophagectomy with retrosternal transposition of the gastric tube to the neck was performed in a 62-year-old patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the proximal third of the esophagus. He developed a salivatory fistula in the early postoperative period that healed spontaneously. Five months later, the patient developed partial stenosis of the esophagogastric anastomosis which required recervicotomy and excision, after numerous failed dilatation attempts. Eighteen months later, the patient presented to the hospital for severe pain in the upper abdomen. Clinical work-up revealed pericardial perforation by the gastric tube ulcer necessitating emergent surgery and gastric tube removal. We present a patient who developed both early and late complications of subtotal esophagectomy with gastric tube transposition as well as a review of the literature

Supplementary data for article: Nikolić, A. M.; Ajdačić, V.; Opsenica, I. M. Palladium-Catalyzed N-Arylation of 1-Substituted-1H-Tetrazol-5-Amines. Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 2019, 880, 134–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.11.007

Supplementary material for: [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.11.007]Related to published version: [http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3787

Fly-Through animation at the Faculty of Technical Sciences in Novi Sad

U ovom radu je dat pregled korišćenja Fly Through animacije, posebno u arhitekturi. Specijalno je prikazana primena ove animacije na studijama Računarske grafike-Animacija u inženjerstvu i na studijama Arhitekture i urbanizma, na Fakultetu tehničkih nauka u Novom Sadu. Prikazana su tri istorijski značajna objekta: Gimnazija Jovan Jovanović Zmaj, Departman za Arhitekturu i urbanizam, kao i gradska kuća u Novom Sadu, na čijim modelima su urađene animacije. Postupak izrade ovih animacija je detaljno opisan, redom, kako su objekti i animacije napravljeni.This article describes application of Fly-Through animation, especially in architecture. It shows application of this animation technique on Computer Graphics - Animation in Engineering studies and on Architecture and Urban Planning studies at the Faculty of Technical Sciences in Novi Sad. Three historically significant buildings have been modeled and animated: Gymnasium Jovan Jovanovic Zmaj, Department of Architecture and Urban Planning and a City Hall in Novi Sad. Development process of these models and animations is described in details, step by step

Growing skull fracture

Background. Growing skull fracture or craniocerebral erosion is a rare complication of linear skull fracture in childhood. It is characterized by progressive diastatic enlargement of the fracture line, which leads to a cranial defect, dural cleft, and cerebral herniation. It is presented as a soft pulsabile scalp swelling above the fracture, with a clear cranial defect. Case report. In this paper we presented a patient, an 8-month-old boy with the growing skull fracture revealed four weeks after the injury. After the surgical treatment, the boy was in a good general condition without the presence of neurologic impairment. Conclusion. Early recognition of craniocerebral erosion is very important. Timely detection prevents further progression of the disease and the evolution of neurological impairment. Surgery is the method of choice for treating a growing skull fracture

The components of variability of dry matter status indicators in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Variability and components of variance for some dry matter status indicators (grain yield, biological yield and grain harvest index) have been studied in 30 winter wheat varieties from different selection centers (Morava, Lepenica, Studenica, Takovcanka, Toplica, Srbijanka, KG 100, Lazarica, Bujna, Matica, Vizija, Pobeda, Rana 5, Evropa 90, Renesansa, Tiha, Mina, Prima, Kremna, Rusija, Pesma, KG - 200/31, KG - 253/4 - 1, KG - 115/4, KG - 165/2, KG - 56/1, KG - 100/97, Perla, KG - 224/98 and KG - 10). The experiment was performed in randomized block design in five replications on the experimental field of Small Grains Research Centre, Kragujevac in three years. Average estimated values for grain yield, biological yield and grain harvest index differed high significantly among years and among varieties. The highest average value for grain yield had KG 10 variety (792.94g m-2) and the lowest value was found in KG 200/31 (303.88g m-2). During investigated period the highest average value for biological yield was determined in KG 10 (1907.62 g m-2), and the lowest value in Pesma (701.55). The grain harvest index varied from 39% (Lepenica, KG 200/31) to 46% (Renesansa, Tiha, KG 100/97). The lowest variability for grain yield was established in Rana 5 variety and the highest in Takovcanka (V = 9.60%; 27.71%, respectively). Coefficient of variation for biological yield varied from 4.02% (Matica) to 28.85% (Evropa 90). The lowest variability for grain harvest index was established in Evropa 90 and the highest in Pesma (V = 5.46%; 23.49%, respectively). Phenotypic analysis of variance indicated that genetic factors had higher impact on the expression of GY and BY than ecological factors. Higher share of ecological variance was registered at variability of GHI

Democracy as a Turning Point: A Treatise on the Democratic Limits of Democracy

Nowadays, in the era of accelerated globalization, we are challenged to re-examine some basic postulates of democracy. The notions of individualism, human rights, freedoms and equality of chances must undergo serious changes because democracy is threatened from at least three sides. First, the global trend of empowerment of the far right makes us think about the efficiency of democracy\u27s defense mechanisms. Second, the dystopia of the world as a global village, when combined with the hyperreality of mass media, has transformed democracy into Beck’s risk society. And third, democracy is threatened by its inner paradoxes. Furthermore, our aim will be to show theoretically that democracy can only exist as a promise to come. Its fatal attraction lies in this deceptive nature. In the mist of mainstream interpretations, our opinion is that only a radical critique of democracy can help us deal with its self-destructive nature

Morphometric Analysis of the Sternum

Sternum has a great clinical significance, considering that median sternotomy is the most common surgical approach used in cardiac surgery. The aim of this study is to standardize the sternum according to size, shape and sex and to obtain ranges of the »standard sternum«. The study was done on 55 male and 35 female sterna of the average age of 65. Complex morphometric analysis of breadth, length and thickness of the sterna were performed on sternal segments which were defined by costal notches. Morphometric analysis shows that the general sternum structure in the females and in the males is equal. The standard dimensions of female and male sternum were determined. Standardization according to shape suggests that there is one standard sternum shape present in more than 2/3 of analysed samples of both sexes