The economy of Spain in the eurozone before and after the crisis of 2008

In common with the other periphery countries that joined the euro-zone in 1998-2000, Spain enjoyed ten years of economic prosperity, essentially debt-financed. The financial crisis of 2008 has revealed deep structural problems in the euro-zone, but also among Spain’s fiscally autonomous regions, which differ from the financial problems faced by the other European periphery countries. But the Spanish problems with de-leveraging suggest further difficulties for the euro-zone as it attempts to implement sterner budgetary controls over member states.autonomous regions; Balassa-Samuelson effect; de-leveraging; euro; sovereign bonds

Liftings of Nichols algebras of diagonal type I. cartan type A

After the classification of the finite-dimensional Nichols algebras of diagonal type[17,18], the determination of its defining relations[7,6], and the verification of the generation in degree-s1 conjecture[6], there is still one step missing in the classification of complex finite-dimensional Hopf algebras with abelian group, without restrictions on the order of the latter: The computation of all deformations or liftings. A technique towards solving this question was developed in[5], built on cocycle deformations. In this paper, we elaborate further and present an explicit algorithm to compute liftings. In our main result we classify all liftings of finite-dimensional Nichols algebras of Cartan type A, over a cosemisimple Hopf algebra H. This extends[2], where it was assumed that the parameter is a root of unity of order >3 and that H is a commmutative group algebra. When the parameter is a root of unity of order 2 or 3, new phenomena appear: The quantum Serre relations can be deformed; this allows in turn the power root vectors to be deformed to elements in lower terms of the coradical filtration, but not necessarily in the group algebra. These phenomena are already present in the calculation of the liftings in type A2 at a parameter of order 2 or 3 over an abelian group[11,19], done by a different method using a computer program. As a byproduct of our calculations, we present new infinite families of finite-dimensional pointed Hopf algebras.Fil: Andruskiewitsch, Nicolas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Centro de Investigación y Estudios de Matemática. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Centro de Investigación y Estudios de Matemática; ArgentinaFil: Angiono, Iván Ezequiel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Centro de Investigación y Estudios de Matemática. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Centro de Investigación y Estudios de Matemática; ArgentinaFil: Garcia Iglesias, Agustin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Centro de Investigación y Estudios de Matemática. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Centro de Investigación y Estudios de Matemática; Argentin

From training wheels to chemical condoms: exploring the narratives of PrEP discontinuation

© The Author(s) 2021. This is the accepted manuscript version of an article which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1177/13634593211005177This paper explores experiences of PrEP, a HIV-prevention intervention, among bugchasers, gay men who eroticize HIV. While PrEP has been hailed as a “game changer” in HIV-prevention, little attention has been paid to why and how some people may discontinue it in the face of HIV risk, such as bugchasers do. This paper relies on interview data with bugchasers themselves to discuss the process of discontinuation and its effects. The paper argues that, for these men, discontinuation is a fluid, complex, and sometimes contradictory process. It also describes how participants perceived themselves as being at different stages of discontinuation. The paper also analyzes how these men see PrEP as a barrier to intimacy, risk, and a tool to negotiate their desires and identity: through discontinuing PrEP, these men are able to reflect on and build their identities as bugchasers.Peer reviewe

Chingonas and Chingados:Femininity and Machismo in Three Poemsby Francisco X. Alarcón

This article analyzes the ways in which Queer Chicano poet Francisco X. Alarcón presents the interplay of family, sexuality, and heritage in his poetry. Three poems are analyzed: “Cuarto oscuro/Dark Room”, “Mi padre/My Father”, and “Una pequeña gran victoria/A Small but Fateful Victory”. In these pieces, Alarcón negotiates his own identity as an ‘Other’ of the Chicano Community by emphasizing the performative nature of masculinity and femininity. In so doing, he provides an insight into the dilemmas and fractures of contemporary Chicanos. Thus, this piece aims to also incorporate Alarcón to the Chicano literary canon by studying how his poems echo the theoretical paradigms established by Anzaldúa, Arteaga, and others.Este artículo analiza las maneras en las que el poeta queer chicano Francisco X. Alarcón representa las interacciones entre la familia, la sexualidad y la herencia cultural en su poesía. En este artículo, presento el análisis de tres poemas: “Cuarto oscuro/Dark Room,” “Mi padre/My Father,” y “Una pequeña gran victoria/A Small but Fateful Victory.” En estas obras, Alarcón negocia su identidad como un ‘Otro’ de la comunidad chicana, enfatizando la naturaleza performativa de la masculinidad y feminidad. Al hacer esto, el poeta explora los dilemas y las fracturas vividas por los chicanos hoy en día. Así, este artículo incorpora a Alarcón al canon literario chicano por medio de una reflexión acerca de cómo sus poemas se hacen eco de los paradigmas teóricos de Anzaldúa, Arteaga y otros

Riemann-Langevin Particle Filtering in Track-Before-Detect

Track-before-detect (TBD) is a powerful approach that consists in providing the tracker with sensor measurements directly without pre-detection. Due to the measurement model non-linearities, online state estimation in TBD is most commonly solved via particle filtering. Existing particle filters for TBD do not incorporate measurement information in their proposal distribution. The Langevin Monte Carlo (LMC) is a sampling method whose proposal is able to exploit all available knowledge of the posterior (that is, both prior and measurement information). This letter synthesizes recent advances in LMC-based filtering to describe the Riemann-Langevin particle filter and introduces its novel application to TBD. The benefits of our approach are illustrated in a challenging low-noise scenario.Comment: Minor grammatical update