Mesoscale numerical approach to predict macroscale fluid flow problems

We present a detailed analysis of the lattice Boltzmann method to simulate an incompressible fluid flow problem. Thorough derivation of macroscopic hydrodynamics equations from the continuous Boltzmann equation is performed. After showing how the formulation of the mesoscale particle dynamics fits in to the framework of lattice Boltzmann simulations, numerical results of isothermal, thermal and multiphase fluid flow are presented to highlight the applicability of the approach. The objective of the paper is to gain better understanding of this relatively new approach for applied engineering problems in fluid transport phenomena

Determination of effective diffusion coefficient of immobilized Baker's yeast invertase in various concentration of PVA-alginate matrix

Baker's yeast invertase is immobilized in PVA-alginate matrix using an improved method. PVA beads were prepared by adding calcium alginate to improve its stability, mechanical and chemical properties. Boric acid was used as the cross-linking agent and additional chemicals consisting of 10% boric acid and sodium sulphate solution was used as a treatment solution to harden the PVA-alginate beads. The determination of the effective diffusion of PVA-alginate matrix the vital step in optimizing the preparation of immobilized and water-soluble biocatalyst. In this study the two-level full factorial design was used to investigate the effect of PVA and boric acid concentrations and diffusions coefficient. Diffusion coefficient (De) is one of the factors that significantly affect the mass transport within the immobilization matrix. De value varies for each concentration of PVA and boric acid. The result concluded that both factors significantly affect the De. A maximum De value of 5.0141 x 10(-5) cm2s-1 was obtained at boric acid and PVA concentraion of 7w/v and 10.5 w/v respectively

Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kualitas Sumberdaya Manusia dan Perekonomian Kabupaten/Kota di Provinsi Jambi

This article focus to analyze (1) Effect of education budget, health budget and economy toword of human resources quality in Jambi province. (2) The influence of inflation, unemployment and human resources quality toword of economy in Jambi province. The data poaltime series was taken 2007-2011 of regency and city in Jambi province. The analyze use Simultaneous model. Before analysis, we also checked cointegration test and causalities between human resources quality and economy. The result of research concludes that (1) The have education budget a significant and positive impact toword of human resources quality, health budget have a unsignificant and positive impact toword of human resources quality and economy have unsignificant and positive toword of human resources in Jambi province. (2) Inflation have significant and negative impact toword of economy, unemployment and human resources quality unsignificantly influence impact toword economy in Jambi province. Policy implications of the results of this study are: 1) government efforts through education budget and health budget in the form of the government budget through health and education facilities in the form of facilities and infrastructure, as well as education and health services to improve the quality of human resources. 2) efforts to do next government in building the economy of the region is to maintain stable prices in the market to curb inflation and provide employment business for the community as well as providing training to workers in order to reduce unemployment

Cucurbituril-based supramolecular engineered nanostructured materials

Cataloged from PDF version of article.Cucurbituril (CB) is a unique macrocycle with a rigid symmetrical structure, which is composed of two identical hydrophilic portals decorated with partially negatively charged carbonyl groups and a hydrophobic cavity. A number of different nanostructured materials, including nanoparticles, nanocomposites, vesicles and rods, have been prepared by taking advantage of the varying cavity size of the CB homologues, their ability to accommodate more than one guest in their cavities, their rigid symmetrical structures, as well as the water solubility of CB7. These nanostructures could find a wide range of potential applications in the areas of self-healing materials, nanomedicine, plasmonics, and nanocatalysis. Here, we review the recent progresses in the synthesis, properties and application of CB-based supramolecular engineered nanostructures, which are either constructed through CB-assisted self-assembly or from post-functionalized-CB homologues

Biaya Dan Produktivitas Tree Length Logging Di Hutan Alam Produksi

This study examined cost and productivity of tree length logging system in natural production forest. The study was conducted in several forest concession in Kalimantan. The results showed that the sytem is capable to extract the clearbole part as main production log and the wasted log above the first branch into the landing point. Skidding productivityof tree length syistem in PT Gunung Gajah Abadi 6,25 m3/jam/hm, PT Narkata Rimba 15,54 m3/hr/hm, PT Balikpapan Forest Industries 16,67 m3/hr/hm, PT Jatitrin Co Ltd 20,76 m3/hr/hm, PT Dwima Jaya Utama 36,69 m3/hr/hm dan PT Kayu Tribuana Rama 21,67 m3/hr/hm.The average cost of tree length logging system in PT Gunung Gajah Abadi is Rp 84.817,92 / m3, PT Narkata Rimba Rp 33.636,55/ m3, PT Balikpapan Forest Industries Rp 31.800,34/ m3, PT Jatitrin Co Ltd Rp. 25.535,26/ m3, PT Dmimajaya Utama Rp 14.155,19/ m3 and PT Kayu Tribuana Rama Rp. 25.207,41/ m3

Importance of Fine Needle Aspiration in Evaluation of Single Nodular Goiter

Background: Improvements in the sensitivity and specificity of biochemical thyroid tests, as well as the development of fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNA) and improved cytological techniques, have dramatically impacted clinical strategies for detecting and treating thyroid disorders. Fine needle aspiration is a safe and relatively painless procedure where a hypodermic needle passed into the lump and samples of tissue taken out. This procedure will provide us with more information about the nature of the lump, and especially differentiate between a benign and malignant mass.Objectives: The current prospective study designed to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of FNA. The study was performed in the regional major hospital, Khartoum, Sudan. Patients and methods: A thousand and three hundred thirty one patients who underwent thyroidsurgery 'between' January 2004 to June 2007 were enrolled.Results: 247 (18.3%) had single nodular goiter. The incidence of benign and malignant lesions in single nodular goiter were 204 (87.6%) and 29 (12.4%) respectively. The overall sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of FNA were 95.5%, 99.5% and 99.4% respectively.Conclusion: Also there is correlation between the nodule size and the result of FNA, as the nodular size increase there is increase of the probability of malignant changes. So, solitary or dominant nodules ≥ 1cm in diameter might be evaluated by FNA.Keywords: Thyroid, Single nodule, Malignancy.

In fructose induced metabolic syndrome in Wistar rats

Background: Metabolic syndrome otherwise referred to as insulin resistance is defined as a cluster of conditions that raises the risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke and diabetes and is characterized by abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and dyslipidaemia. Aim: The study was aimed at investigating the modulation of renal indices and nitric oxide synthase activity in fructose induced metabolic syndrome in Wistar rats. Methods: Twenty (20) Wistar rats were randomly divided into 2 groups of 10 rats each: Group 1: test group treated with 10% fructose solution and Group 2: control received tap water. Baseline body weight, body mass index, fasting blood glucose, fasting lipid profile, urea, creatinine and nitric oxide synthase activity were measured using standard techniques. The rats were treated for 56 days and then final body weight and body mass index were taken after which the rats were anaesthetized and blood sample was obtained for biochemical analysis. Results: The result from the study indicated that, there was a significant (p < 0.05) difference in body weight, fasting lipid profile, Urea, Creatinine and Nitric oxide synthase activities in treatment group compared with control group. The initial and final FBG concentrations in the test group was found to be significant (p<0.05). Also there was a significant difference between initial and final body mass index in the test group but not in control group. There was no significant difference between initial and final FBS concentrations in the control group. Conclusion: the study provides evidence that 10% fructose administration caused increase in body weight, BMI, fasting blood sugar concentration dyslipidaemia, Urea, Creatinine activity and decrease activity of nitric oxide synthase Keywords: Fructose; Metabolic syndrome; Nitric oxide synthase; Renal indice