Tingkah Laku Agresif

Artikel ini menerangkan tentang definisi tingkah laku agresif di kalangan pelajar, jenis tingkah laku agresif dan dorongan tingkah laku agresif. Terdapat beberapa jenis tingkah laku agresif dan dorongan tingkah laku agresif

The practice and challenges of e-Government in Nigeria in the 21st century

This paper investigates the state of the present condition of e-government commitment in Nigeria. It also, examines the difficulties encountered in the implementation process.Layne and Lee (2001) “Stages of growth theory” was adopted to explain the position of Nigeria in the implementation and the challenges it faced on e-government.To do this,this paper used secondary data as a source to collect different articles and report.This paper finds that while e-government is present in Nigeria, it is still in its initial stage.Not only have that, the environment lacked many prerequisites for the survival and continued maintenance of e-governance due to many factors such as inadequate electricity, technical expertise etcetera.It is therefore suggested that both the government and the stakeholders should take it up as a challenge to find quick and lasting solutions to them. There must also be political will and government should have its administrative staff retrained in IT to properly manage the facilities and infrastructure necessary for e-government

Financial inclusion among small agribusiness entrepreneurs in Northern Nigeria

Financial inclusion is considered an effective strategy to enhance the development of small agribusiness entrepreneurs. However, previous literature does not provide unified, comprehensive indicators and requirements that ascertain the extent of financial inclusion, the banks’ approach to implementing financial inclusion, the process of giving out financing and small agribusiness entrepreneurs’ challenges towards enhancing financial inclusion. This study identified indicators and requirements for financial inclusion, banks' approaches to implementing financial inclusion, banks' process of giving out financing, and challenges faced by small agribusiness entrepreneurs to strengthen financial inclusion in Northern Nigeria. The study used qualitative approach and purposive sampling strategy through in-depth interviews and content analysis to explore experiences of informants about financial inclusion. The study identified comprehensive indicators and requirements that determine and enhance financial inclusion. Banks implement financial inclusion by ensuring access to savings, payments, and credit. Additionally, banks promote consumer protection, financial literacy, and Know Your Customer (KYC) compliance. Islamic and conventional banks' approaches in implementing financial inclusion are the same, except in the financing process. Banks are careful in lending/financing due to challenges of borrowers' repayment capacity. However, banks follow flexible and all-inclusive means to extend lending/financing. Jaiz bank relies more on debt-based financing to enhance financial inclusion. Small agribusiness entrepreneurs face challenges of loan security, investments viability and increasing cost of financing. This study identifies banks' impact on small agribusiness entrepreneurs' inclusion and shows the function and role of banks towards the financial inclusion drive. The study increases entrepreneurs' awareness of financial services and Islamic banking. Banks may use this study to predict clients' challenges and financing needs. With this study, banks could help financial regulators to redesign strategies towards Islamic banking, credit, outreach, and financial literacy

Idea of Collateral and Guarantor in Islamic Bank Financing

This study explores the idea of Islamic banks requesting for collateral or guarantee when financing, the rationale for requesting loan security, and its acceptability from Islamic perspectives. The study reviewed the previous literature and Islamic injunctions to study and justify the use of collateral and guarantor to hedge the risk of financing default. It is found that Islamic banks like conventional banking system encourage requesting loan security to ensure borrowers’ commitment and protect investors’ wealth. Despite its effect on loan rejection, secured loans are found to be recovered more easily than unsecured loans. Government and Islamic banks are therefore advised to device mean for helping small-scale businesses to access financing, through credit guarantee schemes and participatory financing mechanisms, to enhance financial inclusion

Lignin Hydrothermal Liquefaction into Bifunctional Chemicals: A Concise Review

Lignin, the second largest biomass after cellulose is underutilized. Yet, it remains the only natural source of aromatic, and phenolic compounds. It is imperative to, amidst the expanding interest on biomass conversion, to accord the necessary attention towards lignin degradation into value added chemicals. Specifically, its phenyl, guaiacyl, and syringyl derivatives. Understanding lignin degradation chemistry, goes a long way in its selective valorization into fuels and chemicals via thermochemical routes such as hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL). Therefore, development of technologies targeting value addition of products and by-products from lignin, would undoubtedly give way to emerging markets in the industry. Previous review papers focused on the general HTL of biomass, food waste, algae, and their model compounds. However, review on HTL of lignin is scarcely available. This paper presents the detailed literature analyses of the current trend in lignin degradation via HTL. Effect of HTL conditions including temperature, heating rate and catalyst has been reviewed. In-depth discussion on use of ionic liquids as catalyst for HTL of lignin has also been compiled. Other lignin degradation techniques such as pyrolysis and hydrolysis were also discussed. This is aimed at bringing together an up-to-date information on lignin degradation into selected chemical intermediates

Access to credits and indebtedness: Islamic perspective

The purpose of this paper is to describe, from Islamic perspective, Muslims’ concern on loans and indebtedness.The paper intends to enlighten working class Muslims on the consequences of taking unnecessary loans.Due to increasing access to financial services, banks and other financial institutions are increasingly offering loans to their customers.Thus, increasing unnecessary borrowings at the expense of their future well-being.The paper concentrate on Islamic perspective of over borrowing and indebtedness. Muslims are expected to live a moderate life, free of embezzlement and misery.Therefore, are called upon to avoid unnecessary expenditure and improve savings.The study contributes to literature of borrowings, by considering loans as last alternative and by necessity

Biochemical Assessment of Pregnancy-Related Physiological Changes in Renal Function

This study was aimed at determining biochemical markers of renal function in pregnant women in Kano State, Nigeria. Urea, electrolytes and creatinine were estimated from 45 pregnant women and 45 non pregnant apparently healthy, age-matched controls.  The result of the study showed significant difference (P<0.01) in urea, creatinine and bicarbonate levels between the pregnant and non- pregnant women but no significant difference (p>0.01) was observed in sodium, potassium and chloride levels between the two groups. Studies within the trimesters showed significant difference (p<0.05) in urea levels between the control group of the 1st and 2nd trimesters. Creatinine levels in the 2nd trimester (43.20±12.3) and 3rd trimester (41.40±5.45) were found to be significantly lower (p<0.05) compared to the control group (55.84±16.17). A significant difference in creatinine levels (p<0.05) between the 1st and 2nd and the 1st and 3rd trimesters was also recorded. The mean difference in bicarbonate levels in the 1st (22.33±1.84), 2nd (21.80±1.37) and 3rd(21.73±1.79) trimesters and the -control group (26.09±2.08) was significantly lower (p<0.05) with no significant difference within the trimesters. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) observed in sodium, potassium and chloride level between the control groups and the trimesters of pregnancy. The result obtained is indicative of normal renal function in the study groups

Conceptual Framework for Adoption of Islamic Banking in Nigeria: The Role of Customer Involvement

The purpose of this paper is to propose a conceptual design to study and investigate the factors influencing the adoption of Islamic banking products and services among customers in Nigeria. The research employs the innovation diffusion theory developed by Rogers (2003) to investigate the influence of the perceived attributes of innovation (relative advantage, compatibility, complexity and perceived risk) on customers’ usage of Islamic banking products and services in Nigeria. The study also intends to integrate customer involvement in the Rogers Model and investigate its influence on the usage of Islamic banking products and service. Besides that, the study also examines the moderating effect of customer involvement on the relationship between the perceived attributes - relative advantage, compatibility, complexity and perceived risk and the adoption of Islamic banking products and services. This is due to the fact that literatures on the Islamic banking usage have investigated the influence of the customer involvement. Islamic banking advocates profit and loss sharing in contrast to interest dealing practiced by conventional banking system which formed the major separation between the two banking systems. Another important demarcation between the Islamic and conventional system of banking has been the way and manner they relate with their customers. Whereas creditor-debtor relation is prevalent in the conventional banking, Islamic banking treats its customer in more than a creditor-debtor relationship but also as a partner in business and investment. This relation therefore made the customer involvement a potential factor and hence its influence on customers’ usage of Islamic banking products and services would be investigated. It is expected that the study will help to enhance our understanding on how customer involvement may influence the adoption of Islamic banking products and services among the customers in Nigeria. It is hopeful that upon validating the framework, findings from the study will provide useful insight and especially firsthand information on the role of customer involvement. This would be useful to the providers in gaining and retaining the existing customer, and to the policy makers, regulators and other relevant stakeholders to strategize in accordance with their respective roles towards development and sustainment of the industry. Keywords: Islamic banking Products, Perceived Attributes of Innovation, Customer Involvement, Adoption, Nigeri