Prostat Kanserine Özgül Glikoproteinlerin Tanımlanması İçin Lektin Afinite Sorbentlerin Hazırlanması

Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is a glycoprotein and has been used as a biomarker in the prognosis and diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa). The alterations in the glycosylation feature of PSA during disease processes have brought a new and important perspective in order to understand the pathogenesis. In this study, Concanavalin A (Con A) immobilized magnetic poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (mPGMA) beads were prepared and PSA binding capacities of these beads were compared in PCa and BPH using lectin-glycoprotein interactions. For generating a magnetic property, iron oxide nanoparticles were synthesized. Then, mPGMA beads were prepared by dispersion polymerization using these iron oxide nanoparticles. Characterization studies were performed with scanning electron microscopy, electron spin resonance, thermogravimetric analysis, surface area analysis, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and vibrating sample magnetometer.Prostat kanserinin (PCa) tanısı ve izleminde biyoişaret olarak kullanılan glikoprotein yapısındaki prostat spesifik antijenin (PSA) hastalık sürecinde değişen glikozillenme özelliği, patogenezin anlaşılabilmesi için yeni ve önemli bir bakış açısı kazandırmıştır. Bu çalışmada, Konkanavalin A (Con A) immobilize manyetik poli(glisidilmetakrilat) (mPGMA) mikroküreler hazırlandı ve lektin-glikoprotein etkileşimlerinden yararlanılarak bu mikrokürelerin PCa ve benign prostat hiperplazideki (BPH) PSA bağlama kapasiteleri karşılaştırıldı. Söz konusu mikrokürelere manyetik özellik kazandırmak amacıyla demir oksit (Fe3O4) nanopartüküller sentezlendi. Bu nanopartiküller kullanılarak dispersiyon polimerizasyonu yöntemi ile mPGMA mikroküreler hazırlandı. Karakterizasyon çalışmaları, taramalı elektron mikroskobu, elektron spin rezonans, termogravimetrik analiz, yüzey alanı analizi, fourier dönüşümlü kızılötesi spektroskopisi ve titreştirici örnek manyetometresi ile gerçekleştirildi

Imprinting Of Microorganisms For Biosensor Applications

There is a growing need for selective recognition of microorganisms in complex samples due to the rapidly emerging importance of detecting them in various matrices. Most of the conventional methods used to identify microorganisms are time-consuming, laborious and expensive. In recent years, many efforts have been put forth to develop alternative methods for the detection of microorganisms. These methods include use of various components such as silica nanoparticles, microfluidics, liquid crystals, carbon nanotubes which could be integrated with sensor technology in order to detect microorganisms. In many of these publications antibodies were used as recognition elements by means of specific interactions between the target cell and the binding site of the antibody for the purpose of cell recognition and detection. Even though natural antibodies have high selectivity and sensitivity, they have limited stability and tend to denature in conditions outside the physiological range. Among different approaches, biomimetic materials having superior properties have been used in creating artificial systems. Molecular imprinting is a well suited technique serving the purpose to develop highly selective sensing devices. Molecularly imprinted polymers defined as artificial recognition elements are of growing interest for applications in several sectors of life science involving the investigations on detecting molecules of specific interest. These polymers have attractive properties such as high bio-recognition capability, mechanical and chemical stability, easy preparation and low cost which make them superior over natural recognition reagents. This review summarizes the recent advances in the detection and quantification of microorganisms by emphasizing the molecular imprinting technology and its applications in the development of sensor strategies.PubMedWoSScopu

Application of Rapd-Pcr For Determining The Clonality of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Isolated From Different Hospitals

Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR was applied with ten random 10-mer primers to examine the molecular diversity among methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains in the hospitals and to investigate the epidemiological spread of these strains between different hospitals. The main objective of the study was to identify appropriate primers, which successfully established the clonality of MRSA. Three of the primers yielded particularly discriminatory patterns and they were used to perform the RAPD analysis which revealed different bands ranging from 200 to 1500 bp. Dendogram was created by the un-weighted pair group method using arithmetic (UPGMA) average clustering and it was constructed based on the combination results of the new primers (S224, S232 and S395) which represented a novel approach for rapid screening of the strains and also provided the opportunity for monitoring the emergence and determining clonal dissemination of MRSA strains between the hospitals. Dendogram generated two main groups (Group I and II) with three clusters (A, B and C) and indicated that the strains isolated from the same hospital were closely related and they placed together in the same group. This technique could be of attractive use in controlling the sources and routes of transmission, tracking the spread of strains within hospital and between the hospitals, and especially preventing the nosocomial infections caused by the MRSA

Upgrading of bio-separation and bioanalysis using synthetic polymers : Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), cryogels, stimuli-responsive polymers

Bio-separation plays a crucial role in many areas. Different polymers are suitable for bio-separation and are useful for applications in applications in both science and technology. Besides biopolymers, there are a broad spectrum of synthetic polymers with tailor-made properties. The synthetic polymers are characterized by their charges, solubility, hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity, sensitivity to environmental conditions and stability. Furthermore, ongoing developments are of great interest on biodegradable polymers for the treatment of diseases. Smart polymers have gained great attention due to their unique characteristics especially emphasizing simultaneously changing their chemical and physical property upon exposure to changes in environmental conditions. In this review, methodologies applied in bio-separation using synthetic polymers are discussed and efficient candidates are focused for the construction of synthetic polymers

Comparative study on structural and optical features of undoped and Eu3+ doped Pr6O11 synthesized via sol-gel and flame spray pyrolysis

© 2020 The AuthorsHerein, it was aimed to differentiate features of undoped and europium (Eu3+) doped Pr6O11 particles fabricated via the sol-gel (SG) and flame spray pyrolysis (FSP) methods. The crystal phase structure, morphological, chemical, and optical features of synthesized Pr6O11 particles were characterized using an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), and UV–vis spectrophotometer. The results show that, compared with SG-based samples, Eu-doped Pr6O11 synthesized by FSP has excellent structural integrity, optical and electrical features, and morphology. This study outlines the development of a compatibility strategy between the production method and the final Pr6O11 powders, and that the optical, and electrical features may be controlled by selecting the proper dopant

Biomedical Applications Of Polymeric Cryogels

The application of interconnected supermacroporous cryogels as support matrices for the purification, separation and immobilization of whole cells and different biological macromolecules has been well reported in literature. Cryogels have advantages over traditional gel carriers in the field of biochromatography and related biomedical applications. These matrices nearly mimic the three-dimensional structure of native tissue extracellular matrix. In addition, mechanical, osmotic and chemical stability of cryogels make them attractive polymeric materials for the construction of scaffolds in tissue engineering applications and in vitro cell culture, separation materials for many different processes such as immobilization of biomolecules, capturing of target molecules, and controlled drug delivery. The low mass transfer resistance of cryogel matrices makes them useful in chromatographic applications with the immobilization of different affinity ligands to these materials. Cryogels have been introduced as gel matrices prepared using partially frozen monomer or polymer solutions at temperature below zero. These materials can be produced with different shapes and are of interest in the therapeutic area. This review highlights the recent advances in cryogelation technologies by emphasizing their biomedical applications to supply an overview of their rising stars day to day.WoSScopu

Whole cell based microcontact imprinted capacitive biosensor for the detection of Escherichia coli

In this study, a label-free, selective and sensitive microcontact imprinted capacitive biosensor was developed for the detection of Escherichia coli. The recognition of E. coli was successfully performed by this sensor prepared with the combination of microcontact imprinting method and capacitive biosensor technology. After preparation of bacterial stamps, microcontact-E. coli imprinted gold electrodes were generated using an amino acid based recognition element, N-methacryloyl-L-histidine methylester (MAH), 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) as monomers and ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as crosslinker under UV-polymerization. Real-time E. coli detection experiments were carried out within the range of 1.0×102–1.0×107 CFU/mL. The unique combination of these two techniques provides selective detection with a detection limit of 70 CFU/mL. The designed capacitive sensor has high selectivity and was able to distinguish E. coli when present together with competing bacterial strains which are known to have similar shape. In addition, the prepared sensor has the ability to detect E. coli with a recovery of 81–97% in e.g. river water

Whole cell recognition of staphylococcus aureus using biomimetic SPR sensors

Over the past few decades, a significant increase in multi-drug-resistant pathogenic microorganisms has been of great concern and directed the research subject to the challenges that the distribution of resistance genes represent. Globally, high levels of multi-drug resistance represent a significant health threat and there is a growing requirement of rapid, accurate, real-time detection which plays a key role in tracking of measures for the infections caused by these bacterial strains. It is also important to reduce transfer of resistance genes to new organisms. The, World Health Organization has informed that millions of deaths have been reported each year recently. To detect the resistant organisms traditional detection approaches face limitations, therefore, newly developed technologies are needed that are suitable to be used in large-scale applications. In the present study, the aim was to design a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor with micro-contact imprinted sensor chips for the detection of Staphylococcus aureus. Whole cell imprinting was performed by N-methacryloyl-L-histidine methyl ester (MAH) under UV polymerization. Sensing experiments were done within a concentration range of 1.0 × 102–2.0 × 105 CFU/mL. The recognition of S. aureus was accomplished by the involvement of microcontact imprinting and optical sensor technology with a detection limit of 1.5 × 103 CFU/mL. Selectivity of the generated sensor was evaluated through injections of competing bacterial strains. The responses for the different strains were compared to that of S. aureus. Besides, real experiments were performed with milk samples spiked with S. aureus and it was demonstrated that the prepared sensor platform was applicable for real samples

Recent Advances in Optical Sensing for the Detection of Microbial Contaminants

Microbial contaminants are responsible for several infectious diseases, and they have been introduced as important potential food- and water-borne risk factors. They become a global burden due to their health and safety threats. In addition, their tendency to undergo mutations that result in antimicrobial resistance makes them difficult to treat. In this respect, rapid and reliable detection of microbial contaminants carries great significance, and this research area is explored as a rich subject within a dynamic state. Optical sensing serving as analytical devices enables simple usage, low-cost, rapid, and sensitive detection with the advantage of their miniaturization. From the point of view of microbial contaminants, on-site detection plays a crucial role, and portable, easy-applicable, and effective point-of-care (POC) devices offer high specificity and sensitivity. They serve as advanced on-site detection tools and are pioneers in next-generation sensing platforms. In this review, recent trends and advances in optical sensing to detect microbial contaminants were mainly discussed. The most innovative and popular optical sensing approaches were highlighted, and different optical sensing methodologies were explained by emphasizing their advantages and limitations. Consequently, the challenges and future perspectives were considered