Identification and Quantification of Plant Growth Regulators and Antioxidant Compounds in Aqueous Extracts of Padina durvillaei and Ulva lactuca

© 2020 by the authors.Aqueous seaweed extracts have diverse compounds such as Plant-Growth Regulators (PGRs) which have been utilized in agricultural practices for increasing crop productivity. Algal biomass of Padina durvillaei and Ulva lactuca have been suggested for use as biofertilizers because of plant growth-enhancing properties. This work aimed to identify the main PGRs and antioxidant properties in P. durvillaei and U. lactuca extracts, such as abscisic acid, auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, jasmonates, and salicylates, to assess their potential use as biofertilizers that improve plant growth and crop yield. Phytochemical analyses of two seaweed extracts showed a significantly higher content of sulfates, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds in P. durvillaei extract, which could be linked to its higher antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP) compared to U. lactuca extract. The identification and quantification of PGRs showed two gibberellins (GA1 and GA4), abscisic acid (ABA), indoleacetic acid (IAA), three cytokinins (tZ, IP, and DHZ), jasmonic acid (JA), and salicylic acid (SA) in two seaweed extracts. However, GA4, tZ, and DHZ contents were significantly higher in P. durvillaei compared to U. lactuca extracts. These findings evidence that P. durvillaei and U. lactuca extracts are suitable candidates for use as biofertilizers.Peer reviewe

APROVECHAMIENTO DE CÁSCARAS DE MANGO PARA LA PRODUCCIÓN DE -1-4-ENDOGLUCANASA POR ASPERGILLUS SP: EFECTO DE VARIABLES FÍSICO QUÍMICAS Y BIOLÓGICAS

The effect of physical, chemical and biological factors (inoculum size, incubation time, salt solution, particle size, moisture, pH and temperature) on β-1,4-endoglucanase by Aspergillus sp. Using mankin shells tommy atkins and manila as substrate. An experimental design of Plackett-Burman was developed that for the tommy atkins variety the temperature, humidity and pH had a statistically significant effect on the amount of enzyme produced, while for the manila variety were the incubation time, inoculum size And particle size. The above proposes a more alternative for the integral use of this fruit.Se estudió el efecto de factores físicos, químicos y biológicos (tamaño de inóculo, tiempo de incubación, solución de sales, tamaño de partícula, humedad, pH y temperatura) en la ß -1-4-endoglucanasa por Aspergillus sp. utilizando cáscaras de mango tommy atkins y manila como sustrato. Se desarrolló un diseño experimental de Plackett-Burman encontrándose que para la variedad tommy atkins la temperatura, humedad y pH tuvieron un efecto estadísticamente significativo en la cantidad de enzima producida, mientras que para la variedad manila lo fueron el tiempo de incubación, tamaño del inóculo y el tamaño de partícula. Lo anterior propone una alternativa más para el aprovechamiento integral de este fruto

Aprovechamiento de cáscaras de mango para la producción de β-1-4-endoglucanasa por Aspergillus sp: efecto de variables físico químicas y biológicas

The effect of physical, chemical and biological factors (inoculum size, incubation time, salt solution, particle size, moisture, pH and temperature) on β-1,4-endoglucanase by Aspergillus sp. Using mankin shells tommy atkins and manila as substrate. An experimental design of Plackett-Burman was developed that for the tommy atkins variety the temperature, humidity and pH had a statistically significant effect on the amount of enzyme produced, while for the manila variety were the incubation time, inoculum size And particle size. The above proposes a more alternative for the integral use of this fruit.Se estudió el efecto de factores físicos, químicos y biológicos (tamaño de inóculo, tiempo de incubación, solución de sales, tamaño de partícula, humedad, pH y temperatura) en la ß -1-4-endoglucanasa por Aspergillus sp. utilizando cáscaras de mango tommy atkins y manila como sustrato. Se desarrolló un diseño experimental de Plackett-Burman encontrándose que para la variedad tommy atkins la temperatura, humedad y pH tuvieron un efecto estadísticamente significativo en la cantidad de enzima producida, mientras que para la variedad manila lo fueron el tiempo de incubación, tamaño del inóculo y el tamaño de partícula. Lo anterior propone una alternativa más para el aprovechamiento integral de este fruto

Optimization study of fructans extraction from Agave tequilana Weber azul variety

Abstract Agave tequilana Weber azul variety is a valuable source of fructans. In this study, a response surface methodology was employed to optimize the extraction yield of fructans from agave pines. A Box Behnken factorial design was applied to evaluate the effects of several conditions such as extraction temperature, water raw material ratio and extraction time on extraction yield. Under the optimum extraction conditions (extraction temperature of 79.1 °C, water raw material ratio of 5.13 mL/g, and extraction time of 1.48 h) fructans extraction yield was 83.12%. The chromatographic profile of the agave crude extract presented four peaks, out of which fructans were the most preponderant (~87%). The obtained results suggest that the response surface methodology is adequate to optimize fructans extraction from Agave tequilana Weber azul variety

Optimization study of fructans extraction from Agave tequilana Weber azul variety

Abstract Agave tequilana Weber azul variety is a valuable source of fructans. In this study, a response surface methodology was employed to optimize the extraction yield of fructans from agave pines. A Box Behnken factorial design was applied to evaluate the effects of several conditions such as extraction temperature, water raw material ratio and extraction time on extraction yield. Under the optimum extraction conditions (extraction temperature of 79.1 °C, water raw material ratio of 5.13 mL/g, and extraction time of 1.48 h) fructans extraction yield was 83.12%. The chromatographic profile of the agave crude extract presented four peaks, out of which fructans were the most preponderant (~87%). The obtained results suggest that the response surface methodology is adequate to optimize fructans extraction from Agave tequilana Weber azul variety

Gross chemical composition, fatty acids, sterols, and pigments in tropical seaweed species off Sinaloa, Mexico

Biochemical composition was assessed in green (Ulva expansa, Caulerpa sertularioides, Rhizoclonium riparium, Codium isabelae), red (Spyridia filamentosa, Gracilaria vermiculophylla), and brown (Padina durvillaei) seaweeds collected from different tropical lagoons on the Pacific coast of Sinaloa, Mexico. Protein content was higher in C. sertularioides, S. filamentosa, and G. vermiculophylla (10–12%), followed by R. riparium, P. durvillaei, and U. expansa (8%, 6%, and 4%, respectively). Lipid content was in the range of 0.3–1.5%, with the highest value found in R. riparium. The highest content of nitrogen-free extract (i.e., carbohydrates) (69%) and the lowest ash value (25%) were assessed in P. durvillaei. Polyunsaturated fatty acid content was in the range of 5–45%, with higher values in R. riparium (45%), C. sertularioides (39%), and P. durvillaei (23%). Red seaweeds showed the highest value of cholesterol+dehydrocholesterol (>90%), while green seaweeds showed the highest contents of β-sitosterol (71–77%), except for U. expansa, for which fucosterol+isofucosterol (79%) was highest. Pigment composition was different among seaweeds but coincided with previous reports. The biochemical components used as biomarkers were assessed by principal component analysis to discriminate among assessed variables and to cluster seaweed species according to the common variability of their biochemical composition. Results showed that composition was similar within seaweed divisions but particularly different in U. expansa and P. durvillaei. Biochemical compounds that contributed to total variability were β-sitosterol, 20:4n-6, 20:5n-3, chlorophyll a and b, and β-carotene, and to a lesser extent fucosterol+isofocusterol and 22:6n-3. Results showed that the analyzed seaweed species may be useful for animal nutrition and appropriate for human consumption

Detection and partial characterization of antimutagenic compounds from white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) cephalothorax

ABSTRACTMutations are the result of effects produced by mutagenic agents, which may be responsible for the generation of chronic-degenerative diseases such as cancer. The aim of this work was to detect and characterize compounds with antimutagenic activity in white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) cephalothorax. A serial extraction was carried out where different organic solvents, and its biological activity was evaluated. The antioxidant capacity was evaluated by DPPH and ABTS assay, where the methanol and water-soluble extracts had the highest antioxidant capacity. Antimutagenicity was evaluated by the Ames test, where the methanol-soluble extract showed the highest antimutagenic activity. The methanolic extract was fractionated by open column chromatography, the fractions obtained were determined antioxidant and antimutagenic activity and the ability to protect DNA from oxidative damage. Fraction H27 provided DNA the highest protection against the damage caused by H2O2. Partial chemical-characterization of fraction H27 suggests the presence of aromatic, hydroxylated, unsaturated compounds