Responsabilidade civil dos hospitais por ação e/ou omissão de seus colaboradores: uma análise doutrinária e jurisprudencial acerca dos julgados do Tribunal de Justiça do Estado de Santa Catarina, compreendidos entre janeiro de 2010 à janeiro de 2013

Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso, apresentado para obtenção do grau de Bacharel no curso de Direito da Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, UNESC.O presente trabalho tem como objetivo principal trazer ao conhecimento, este de cunho acadêmico, acerca da responsabilidade civil dos hospitais por ações e/ou omissões de seus colaboradores, uma vez que estes encontram-se subordinados àqueles. Busca-se neste trabalho concluir se hospitais, como empregadores detém o dever de indenizar aquele que fora lesado por um serviço prestado no seu interior, bem como fora deles, quando a serviço dos mesmos. Para que este estudo obtivesse êxito, foram utilizados os preceitos legais, bem como a doutrina e jurisprudências pátria, as quais analisamos os julgados mais recentes acerca deste tema pelo Tribunal de Justiça do estado de Santa Catarina. Para tanto principia-se no primeiro capítulo os aspectos gerais de responsabilidade civil, assim como sua natureza jurídica, passando ainda a expor os ditames legais acerca da CF/88, do CC e do CDC. No segundo capitulo trata-se das espécies de responsabilidade civil, dos pressupostos desta, assim como dos requisitos do dano ressarcível. No terceiro e último capitulo abordamos a responsabilidade civil do Estado, do médico, da enfermagem, dos hospitais, bem como a distinção entre hospital público e privado, atribuindo a cada qual sua responsabilidade. Ao final faz-se uma análise acerca dos julgados do TJ/SC sobre o tema aqui estudado no período compreendido entre janeiro de 2010 a janeiro de 2013

Psychotropic in the environment : risperidone residues affect the behavior of fish larvae

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Waterborne aripiprazole blunts the stress response in zebrafish

Here we provide, at least to our knowledge, the first evidence that aripiprazole (APPZ) in the water blunts the stress response of exposed fish in a concentration ten times lower than the concentration detected in the environment. Although the mechanism of APPZ in the neuroendocrine axis is not yet determined, our results highlight that the presence of APPZ residues in the environment may interfere with the stress responses in fish. Since an adequate stress response is crucial to restore fish homeostasis after stressors, fish with impaired stress response may have trouble to cope with natural and/or imposed stressors with consequences to their welfare and survival

Waterborne risperidone decreases stress response in zebrafish

The presence of drugs and their metabolites in surface waters and municipal effluents has been reported in several studies, but its impacts on aquatic organisms are not yet well understood. This study investigated the effects of acute exposure to the antipsychotic risperidone on the stress and behavioral responses in zebrafish. It became clear that intermediate concentration of risperidone inhibited the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal axis and displayed anxiolytic-like effects in zebrafish. The data presented here suggest that the presence of this antipsychotic in aquatic environments can alter neuroendocrine and behavior profiles in zebrafish

Maus-tratos contra animais domésticos e sua proteção no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro

This research made it evident that the relationship between the human being and the animal has changed over time and is still far from ideal, since the animals still suffer a lot at the hands of the human being who treats animals as only things, not respecting them as beings of law who live among us. The work allowed us to understand how legislation deals with the subject, whether or not it is sufficient to guarantee the protection of animals and punishment due to those who commit ill-treatment. The present work was developed through bibliographical research, focusing on the ill-treatment of animals and their legal protection. The questioning that led to the work was: What attitudes are considered maltreatment? Are the animals holding rights? What happens to whoever commits animal abuse? The objective of the study was to verify how protected animals are in Brazilian legislation, while the specific objectives were to understand what forms of maltreatment exist, how animals are abused, what rights belong to animals, what forms of punishment for whoever commits animal abuse.Esta pesquisa deixou evidente que a relação do ser humano com o animal se transformou ao longo do tempo e que ainda está distante do ideal, uma vez que os animais ainda sofrem muito pelas mãos do ser humano que trata os animais como coisas apenas, não os respeitando como seres de direito que convivem entre nós. O trabalho permitiu entender de que forma a legislação trata o tema, se suficiente ou não para a garantia da proteção dos animais e a punição devida para os que cometem maus-tratos. O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido através de pesquisas bibliográficas, com foco nos maus-tratos contra os animais e a proteção jurídica dos mesmos. O questionamento que conduziu o trabalho foi: Quais atitudes são consideradas maus-tratos? São os animais detentores de direitos? O que acontece com quem comete maus-tratos contra os animais? O objetivo do trabalho foi verificar os quão protegidos estão os animais na legislação brasileira, enquanto os objetivos específicos foram compreender quais as formas de maus-tratos existentes, de que forma os animais sofrem maus-tratos, quais os direitos pertencentes aos animais, quais as formas de punição para quem comete maus-tratos aos animais

Psychotropic in the environment : risperidone residues affect the behavior of fish larvae

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Feeding regimen modulates zebrafish behavior

Here we show that the feeding regimen modulates zebrafish (Danio rerio) behavior. With regard to the time elapsed between feeding and behavioral evaluation, fish fed 3 h before behavioral evaluation in the novel tank test (NTT) showed decreased activity and a trend toward an anxiolytic reaction (increased use of the upper section of the aquarium) in comparison to fish fed 0.5, 6, 12, 24 or 48 h before testing, although differences were not statistically significant for all comparisons. Activity and use of the upper section of the aquarium did not differ significantly among the other treatments. Regarding feeding frequency, fish fed once a day showed higher anxiety-like behavior (decreased use of the upper section of the aquarium) in comparison to fish fed twice a day, but feeding four or six times per day or only every second day did not result in differences from feeding twice a day. Feeding frequency had no effect on activity level. Metabolically, fish fed once a day presented decreased levels of glucose and glycogen and increased lactate when compared to the regular feeding (fish fed twice a day), suggesting that feeding regimen may modulate carbohydrate metabolism. Mechanistically, we suggest that the metabolic changes caused by the feeding regimen may induce behavioral changes. Our results suggest that the high variability of the results among different laboratories might be related to different feeding protocols. Therefore, if issues pertaining to the feeding regimen are not considered during experiments with zebrafish, erroneous interpretations of datasets may occur

Feeding regimen modulates zebrafish behavior

Here we show that the feeding regimen modulates zebrafish (Danio rerio) behavior. With regard to the time elapsed between feeding and behavioral evaluation, fish fed 3 h before behavioral evaluation in the novel tank test (NTT) showed decreased activity and a trend toward an anxiolytic reaction (increased use of the upper section of the aquarium) in comparison to fish fed 0.5, 6, 12, 24 or 48 h before testing, although differences were not statistically significant for all comparisons. Activity and use of the upper section of the aquarium did not differ significantly among the other treatments. Regarding feeding frequency, fish fed once a day showed higher anxiety-like behavior (decreased use of the upper section of the aquarium) in comparison to fish fed twice a day, but feeding four or six times per day or only every second day did not result in differences from feeding twice a day. Feeding frequency had no effect on activity level. Metabolically, fish fed once a day presented decreased levels of glucose and glycogen and increased lactate when compared to the regular feeding (fish fed twice a day), suggesting that feeding regimen may modulate carbohydrate metabolism. Mechanistically, we suggest that the metabolic changes caused by the feeding regimen may induce behavioral changes. Our results suggest that the high variability of the results among different laboratories might be related to different feeding protocols. Therefore, if issues pertaining to the feeding regimen are not considered during experiments with zebrafish, erroneous interpretations of datasets may occur