Pirolisis Reject Pulp Menjadi Bio-Oil dengan Menggunakan Katalis NI/NZA

The using and utilization of bio-oil became the main alternative to overcome the problem of dependence on fuel. Bio-oil can be produced from the pyrolysis of reject pulp. Reject pulp can be converted into bio-oil through a pyrolysis process using a Ni/NZA catalyst. The variation of the reaction temperature 290oC, 300oC, 310oC and 320oC. The weight ratio of catalyst with biomass was varied at 0%; 1%; 2%; dan 3%. The pyrolysis processing used nitrogen gas with a flow rate of 80 ml/min. The yield of maximum product was gotten such 88.2%. The bio-oil composition dominance obtained 24,65% Hydroxyl acetone, 22,35% Acetone alcohol, 19,1% Acetic acid, 5,5% 2,3-Dimethyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one and 3,09% 1-Hydroxy-2- butanone

Perengkahan PFAD (Palm Fatty Acid Destillate) untuk Menghasilkan Biofuel Menggunakan Katalis Ni-Mo/Zeolit

Petroleum reserves are depleted in Indonesia along with increased fuel requirements, demanding Indonesian society to harness alternative energy, one of which is biofuel. In this study, biofuels produced from cracking fatty acids contained in Destillate Palm Fatty Acid (PFAD). PFAD converted into biofuels via catalytic cracking process using a catalyst Ni.Mo / Zeolite with reaction temperature 380 oC in a stirred batch reactor. Metal concentrations in the zeolite was varied at 0%, 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% and the variation of the reaction stirring 300 rpm, 400 rpm, 500 rpm and 600 rpm. Cracking process using nitrogen gas with a flow rate of 150 ml / min. Yield (%) of the product obtained at the maximum stirring speed of 500 rpm with a metal concentration of 1%, amounting to 71.43% or 125 ml with 31.53% biofuel conversion. The composition of biofuels on cracking products was 8.8% and 35% Gasoline Kerosene and Diesel

Sintesis ZSM-5 dari Fly Ash Sawit Sebagai Sumber Silika dengan Variasi Nisbah Molar Si/Al dan Temperatur Sintesis

Palm fly ash is biomass/waste in the  palm oil industry. Palm fly ash has high content of amorphous silica. ZSM-5 is one of synthetic zeolite which is widely used as catalyst in industries. ZSM-5 has high activity and selectivity to several hydrocarbon conversion reaction. Hence, ZSM-5 is being investigated for the conversion of vegetable oil to hydrocarbon.  It can be synthesized from silica and alumina. Sources of silica that can be added to the ZSM-5 synthesis,  are sodium silicate, hydrated silica, water glass sol silica, gelled silica, clay, precipitated silicaand calcined silica. ZSM-5 was synthesized free-template by using palm fly ash as silica source. In this research synthesis of ZSM-5 was carried out in autoclave at 18 hours and Na2O/Al2O3 molar ratio by various molar ratio from 30 to 40 and temperature in the range of 150 to 190 oC. The product was then analized using FTIR method. The best ZSM-5 product was obtained at Si/Al molar ratio of 40 and process temperature of 150 oC. Keywords: FTIR, Palm fly ash, ZSM-

Perengkahan PFAD (Palm Fatty Acid Distillate) Dengan Katalis Zeolit Sintesis Untuk Menghasilkan Biofuel

Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) is a by-product of the manufacture of cooking oil. The PFAD has a high potential to be used as raw material for biofuel by catalytic cracking because it is a long-chain hydrocarbon. This research aims to study the influence of time and temperature conversion reaction to catalytic cracking reaction using zeolite catalyst synthesis. The PFAD cracking was taken place in a batch stirred tank reactor at the temperature of 240, 260, 280, 300oC for 60, 80, 100, 120 minutes. The changes in functional groups of cracking products were analyzed using FTIR (Fourier Transform Infra Red), while the analysis of components contained in the product was conducted using GCMS (Gas Chromatography Mass Spectra) analysis. The highest reaction conversion result (98.7%) was obtained at a temperature of 280oC and the reaction time of 100 minutes. The cracking process did not produce biofuels, but the compounds formed were in the form of tridecanoic acid (C13H26NO2), Cholest-8-en-3-ol (C28H48O) and methyl vinyl ketone (C4H6O).Keywords: FTIR, GCMS, PFAD, zeolite synthesy

Pengolahan Limbah Padat Industri Tahu Menjadi Pupuk Kompos

Solid organic fertilizer is the result of composting from agricultural waste and livestock waste, which contains macro and micro nutrients so that it can improve soil structure. This study aims to obtain a formula that meets the criteria to be achieved in the manufacture of compost from equalizing sludge in tofu waste with a variety of raw materials such as rice husks and sawdust and to determine the quality of the NPK compost produced with the help of EM4 bioactivator. Compare it with SNI 19-7030-2004. The best composting results were obtained from the raw material composition of 300 grams of tofu solid waste, 350 grams of rice husks, and 350 grams of sawdust with the help of EM4 bioactivator. Composting is carried out for 30 days and the concentration of EM4 in 1 kg of raw material is by mixing 10 ml of EM4 into 1 liter of water. The Nitrogen (N) content was obtained at 1.54%, and the Phosphorus (P) content was obtained at 1.02%, while the Potassium (K) content was obtained at 1.15% and according to SNI 19-7030-2004.   Pupuk organik padat merupakan hasil pengomposan dari sisa limbah pertanian dan limbah ternak, yang mengandung unsur hara makro dan mikro sehingga dapat memperbaiki struktur tanah pertanian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan formula yang memenuhi kriteria yang ingin dicapai dalam pembuatan pupuk kompos dari endapan ekualisasi pada limbah tahu dengan  bahan baku yaitu limbah tahu, sekam padi dan serbuk gergaji dengan bantuan bioaktivator EM4. Dengan menentukan kualitas kompos NPK yang dihasilkan dan membandingkan dengan SNI 19-70302004. Hasil pengomposan terbaik didapatkan pada komposisi bahan baku limbah padat tahu 300 gr, sekam padi 350 gr, dan serbuk gergaji 350 gr. Pengomposan dilakukan selama 30 hari dan konsentrasi EM4 dalam 1 kg bahan baku dengan cara mencampurkan 10 ml EM4 kedalam 1 liter air. Kadar Nitrogen (N) yang diperoleh sebesar 1,54%, kadar Phospor (P) diperoleh sebesar 1,02%, dan kadar Kalium (K)  diperoleh sebesar 1,15% dan sesuai dengan SNI 19-7030-2004

PENGENALAN PEMBUATAN GULA AREN KRISTAL DI DESA LUBUK BENDAHARA TIMUR KABUPATEN ROKAN HULU

PENGENALAN PEMBUATAN GULA AREN KRISTAL DI DESA LUBUK BENDAHARA TIMUR KABUPATEN ROKAN HUL