Semantic Analysis of a Declarative Language Based on Knowledge Representation

The objective of this research is analyzing and understanding the deep mechanism of a declarative language, for example Prolog, by adopting time-state, hypothetical and multi-universe inferences in such a symbolic processing. We coded the analysis system in Automated Reasoning Tool (ART) and LISP. The main part of the system is separated into three parts, namely, the first part is ‘syntax tree construction’, the second part is ‘attribute evaluation’ and the final part is ‘viewpoint network simulation’. The input to the system is source codes of Prolog. Then, after passing through inside the system, the result of processing is outputted. The result means the simulated variable at each stage, that are temporary, hypothetically and hierarchy. This paper describes the peculiarity of declarative language, the methodologies for representing incomplete knowledge that related to the programming of our system. Then, about the implementation of the syntax and semantic analyzer, some considerations regarding the system are described

The design of logic programming learning system with Prolog

The purpose of this research is to design a logic programming learning system as a type of computer-assisted introduction by adopting Prolog language. This system presents practical programing problems to students so that they can understand the concept of logic programming in a process of solving practical problems. This system has the feature that realizes multi-windows on screen that attracts students’ interests for learning, and has the help function that corresponds to requests from students. By using the function, students are able to control the courseware in this system of their own accord

Particle Transport by Rapid Vaporization of Superheated Liquid

Superheated liquid vaporizing explosively in a particle bed inside a cylindrical test cell has been studied using a rapid depressurization apparatus. The experiments provide insights into the explosive vaporization phenomenon and the multiphase flow which is generated by the rapid production of vapor. Inside the sealed test cell, spherical glass particles are immersed in a volatile liquid, Refrigerant 12 or 114 at 300K. When the diaphragm at the upper end of the test cell is ruptured, the liquid pressure is reduced to a predetermined pressure within milliseconds. Since the liquid temperature is higher than the boiling temperature at reduced pressure, the liquid achieves a superheated state and nucleate boiling begins among the particles. The particle-liquid-vapor flow produced by the rapid release of vapor has been found to differ depending on whether the pressure is reduced below a critical level, which is 55% of the vapor pressure in the experiments conducted. When the final pressure is greater than critical, vapor pockets continue to grow throughout the particle bed and displace a liquid-particles mixture out from the test cell. When the final pressure is below critical, the particles are dispersed by a wave-like phenomenon (disruption front) where explosive vaporization appears to be localized in a narrow region. A disruption front in R12 travels at about 380 cm/s, and at about 200 cm/s in R114. Experiments have been performed at various conditions to study the vaporization and transport process. High-speed cinematography and fast response pressure gauges have provided data on the particle acceleration process. The inertial effect on particle acceleration has been studied by conducting similar experiments in a centrifuge. Using this data, the transport process associated with the disruption front has been examined in detail. An empirical relationship between the particle weight and viscous drag is presented for this particular case. This study concludes with discussions based on analytical models of the disruption front to approximate flows properties which are intractable experimentally. It is suggested that a disruption front is an expansion process which maximizes vaporization and entropy.</p

Explosive fragmentation of erupting magma

The magma responsible for explosive volcanic eruptions has both a volatile and an inert phase. Deep in the conduit of an active volcano, bubbles nucleate as the volatiles exsolve. As the magma rises, the bubbles grow through depressurization and continued exsolution. It is thought that when the pressure in the bubbles exceeds that in the overlying material, the magma undergoes a rapid transformation from a continuous magmatic phase with bubbles to a continuous gas phase with fragmented pyroclastic material. The fragmentation process is complex and poorly understood. To understand better how the transport of fragmented material is coupled to exsolution and vaporization, we have performed depressurization experiments on a two-phase system, designed to simulate the eruption process. We identify a new explosive vaporization process, in which a fragmentation front propagates downwards through a mixture of volatile liquid and inert particulate material, suppressing the growth of nucleated bubbles by compressing the material ahead of it. This process is distinct from, and may complement, previously identified fragmentation mechanisms such as non-nucleate vaporization and fragmentation induced by an expanding magmatic foam

Robotic liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma: a focus on anatomic resection

Aim: Robotic liver resection (RLR) is a new platform for minimally invasive hepatobiliary surgery. Minimally invasive surgery can confer benefits to patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is mostly associated with underlying chronic liver disease. Despite the inherent functional merits of robotics for surgical techniques, the clinical advantages of hepatectomy are not well defined. Therefore, we reviewed the short-term and long-term surgical results of 57 HCC cases in 46 patients who underwent RLR at our institution.Methods: We evaluated the feasibility and safety of robotic anatomic liver resection for HCC by comparing the results of the anatomic resection (AR) group (n = 23) and non-anatomic resection (NAR) group (n = 34).Results: Overall (n = 57), the liver-specific console time was 487 min, blood loss was 194 g, and there was one open conversion (2%). Postoperative data showed acceptable hepatic functional recovery, with a major complication rate of 11% and no 90-day mortality. Compared to NAR, AR was associated with longer operative and console times, more blood loss, and worse postoperative liver function, thus reflecting the greater extent and complexity of hepatectomies for more advanced-stage tumors than NAR. Nonetheless, major complication rate, mortality rate, length of hospital stay, and R0 resection rate were comparable between groups. Long-term results were comparable to those of previously reported hepatectomies for HCC and were similar between groups.Conclusion: RLR including AR may be a safe and feasible form of hepatectomy for select patients with HCC