Le TBI : un nouvel instrument pour innover l’enseignement / apprentissage du FLE

Le dispositif techno-pédagogique proposé dans cet article, sollicite pleinement le Tableau Blanc Interactif (TBI). Il vise le développement de capacités d’expression et de communication en langue française dans des situations d’apprentissage concrètes, et approfondit la réflexion sur le fonctionnement de la langue. L’engagement sociocognitif de l’apprenant y est tout particulièrement sollicité pour qu’il puisse donner plus de sens à son apprentissage. Sur un plan purement théorique, c’est aussi l’occasion de considérer les différentes actions pédagogiques qu’il est possible d’envisager avec le TBI en classe de FLE

Operator representation and logistic extension of elementary cellular automata

We redefine the transition function of elementary cellular automata (ECA) in terms of discrete operators. The operator representation provides a clear hint about the way systems behave both at the local and the global scale. We show that mirror and complementary symmetric rules are connected to each other via simple operator transformations. It is possible to decouple the representation into two pairs of operators which are used to construct a periodic table of ECA that maps all unique rules in such a way that rules having similar behavior are clustered together. Finally, the operator representation is used to implement a generalized logistic extension to ECA. Here a single tuning parameter scales the pace with which operators iterate the rules. We show that, as this parameter is tuned, many rules of ECA undergo multiple phase transitions between periodic, locally chaotic, chaotic and complex (Class 4) behavior

Minimizing equipment and energy cost in mixed 10G and 100G/200G filterless horseshoe networks with hierarchical OTN boards

Emerging 5G services are changing the way operators manage and optimize their optical metro networks, and the transmission technology and network design process must be tailored to the specific conditions in this segment of the network. Ensuring cost-efficient and energy-efficient network design requires novel approaches that optimize across all network layers. Therefore, to moderate the growth of operators’ expenses, in this paper, we investigate low-cost and energy-efficient cross-layer deployment of hierarchical optical transport network (OTN) boards minimizing equipment and energy consumption cost in mixed 10G and 100G/200G filterless metro networks. We propose an integer linear programming (ILP) model and a genetic algorithm (GA) approach that decide: (i) the node structure by deploying various stacked OTN boards (performing traffic-grooming at the electrical layer) and (ii) lightpath establishment considering coherent and non-coherent transmission technologies. Simulative results on real filterless horseshoe networks with real traffic matrices show that our proposed approaches achieve up to 50% cost savings compared to real-world benchmark deployments

Cs-induced charge transfer on (2x4)-GaAs(001) studied by photoemission

Cesium adsorption on 2x4 GaAs (001) was studied by photoemission and low energy electron diffraction. The different Cs induced changes of the As 3d and Ga 3d core level spectra show that charge transfer is almost complete for Ga surface sites, but is negligible to surface As at a coverage smaller than 0.3 ML. The situation is opposite for a coverage larger than 0.3ML, at which transfer occurs to As but no longer to Ga. Charge transfer to As atoms leads to disordering and destabilization and induces surface conversion from the As-rich surface to the Ga-rich 4x2 one after annealing at a reduced temperature of 450 C

The Potamophylax nigricornis group (Trichoptera, Limnephilidae): resolution of phylogenetic species by fine structure analysis

Applying the phylogenetic species concept and the sexual selection theory we have reviewed some natal aspects of incipient species and their accelerated evolution. How can we recognise early stages of divergence? Which selection pressures are at work during speciation? Which pathways accelerate the speed of speciation? Which kinds of trait variabilities makes difficult to find initial split criteria? Elaborating the principles of Fine Structure Analysis (FSA) and the morphological Initial Split Criteria (ISP) it was discovered that the European spring dwelling caddisfly Potamophylax nigricornis doesn’tbelong to a single species. It represents an entire species group with seventeen peripatric species evolving on the southernperipheries of the distributional area. Four new species subgroups have been erected: Potamophylax nigricornis new species subgroup, P. elegantulus new species subgroup, P. horgos new species subgroup, P. simas new species subgroup. Eleven new species have been described: Potamophylax apados sp. nov., P. fules sp. nov., P. fureses sp. nov., P. hasas sp. novov., P. horgos sp. nov., P. kethas sp. nov., P. lemezes sp. nov., P. peremes sp. nov., P. simas sp. nov., P. tuskes sp. nov., P. ureges sp. nov. One Potamophylax sp. nov. has been differentiated and three new species status have been documented:Potamophylax elegantulus (Klapálek) stat. n., P. mista (Navás) stat. nov., P. testaceus (Zetterstedt) stat. nov

Esophageal Cancer Related Gene-4 Is a Choroid Plexus-Derived Injury Response Gene: Evidence for a Biphasic Response in Early and Late Brain Injury

By virtue of its ability to regulate the composition of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), the choroid plexus (CP) is ideally suited to instigate a rapid response to traumatic brain injury (TBI) by producing growth regulatory proteins. For example, Esophageal Cancer Related Gene-4 (Ecrg4) is a tumor suppressor gene that encodes a hormone-like peptide called augurin that is present in large concentrations in CP epithelia (CPe). Because augurin is thought to regulate senescence, neuroprogenitor cell growth and differentiation in the CNS, we evaluated the kinetics of Ecrg4 expression and augurin immunoreactivity in CPe after CNS injury. Adult rats were injured with a penetrating cortical lesion and alterations in augurin immunoreactivity were examined by immunohistochemistry. Ecrg4 gene expression was characterized by in situ hybridization. Cell surface augurin was identified histologically by confocal microscopy and biochemically by sub-cellular fractionation. Both Ecrg4 gene expression and augurin protein levels were decreased 24–72 hrs post-injury but restored to uninjured levels by day 7 post-injury. Protein staining in the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus, used as a control brain region, did not show a decrease of auguin immunoreactivity. Ecrg4 gene expression localized to CPe cells, and augurin protein to the CPe ventricular face. Extracellular cell surface tethering of 14 kDa augurin was confirmed by cell surface fractionation of primary human CPe cells in vitro while a 6–8 kDa fragment of augurin was detected in conditioned media, indicating release from the cell surface by proteolytic processing. In rat CSF however, 14 kDa augurin was detected. We hypothesize the initial release and proteolytic processing of augurin participates in the activation phase of injury while sustained Ecrg4 down-regulation is dysinhibitory during the proliferative phase. Accordingly, augurin would play a constitutive inhibitory function in normal CNS while down regulation of Ecrg4 gene expression in injury, like in cancer, dysinhibits proliferation