A Review on The Story of the Holy Prophet and Zaynab Bint Jahsh

Regarding the verse 37 of Surah Ahzab , some traditions and stories have been narrated which come in the following in brief:“One day Prophet wanted Zayd ibn Harithah- his slave- do something for him, he came to his home. When he entered his home, he saw Zaynab bint Jahsh, the wife of Zayd. Her beauty surprised him. The Prophet fell in love with him and wished Zayd divorced her so he could marry her.” In the present study authenticity of this story has been studied. The method of this research is library and descriptive-analytic.After reviewing text and sources, it becomes clear that these traditions are not authentic, the source-based shortcoming is presence of weak narrators in the chain of narrators. Likewise, in the chain of narrators, we have seen Tabe’in or those who could not have been eye-witnesses of this story.Concerning the text of this tradition, it should be said that these traditions are not compatible with verses of Quran and the history of Prophet. Presence of ambiguity and discordance of these narrations with the infallibility of Prophet is another reason of rejecting this story

Critical Analysis of the Sunni and Shi’ite Commentators’ Views on the Comprehensiveness of the Qur’an

The comprehensiveness of the Qur’an is one of significant issues which has been reviewed by Islamic scholars from different perspectives since the early history of Islam. Absolute comprehensiveness, comprehensiveness in terms of guidance, and minimal comprehensiveness are among the most important perspectives in this regard. Qur’anic verses and traditions on this subject claim that the Qur’an has absolute integrity in terms of guidance and religious matters, that is to say, there is no religious or guidance issue which has not been mentioned in the Qur’an while an investigation of its apparent structure reveals that it is not comprehensive even in terms of religious arguments. In another words, we cannot extract all religious commands and arguments from the surface structure of the Qur’an; yet, there are numerous verses and particularly traditions which mention the absolute comprehensiveness of the Qur’an. Using descriptive analysis, the present study critically analyzes the views of Sunni and Shi’ite commentators in this regard and admits the absolute comprehensiveness of the Qur’an on guidance affairs for the infallible Imams. It also draws a line between the comprehensiveness of the Qur’an and the comprehensiveness of Islam, appointing the latter to those other than the infallibles. The results of the study show that, first, the Qur’an independently has absolute comprehensiveness in terms of guidance and religious issues having vivid evidence in the deep structure of the Qur’an; however, this sort of absolute comprehensiveness is exclusively for the infallible Imams who can extract knowledge from the profound aspects of the Qur’an. Second, for those other than the infallibles, the comprehensiveness of Islam is mentioned and the Noble Qur’an along the tradition of holy Imams pave the ground for that sort of integrity. Third, the comprehensiveness of Islam indicates absolute comprehensiveness in terms of guidance affairs which fulfills human need up until hereafter. Received: 8/6/2018   |   Accepted: 4/3/201

Pojavnost aflatoksina M1 u uzorcima jogurta pronađenima na tržištu u Kosovu tijekom proljeća 2023.

Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), a toxic byproduct of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) produced by Aspergillus fungi, is a carcinogenic mycotoxin that can contaminate various agricultural commodities. It can be transferred from AFB1-contaminated feed to milk and dairy products, including yogurt, posing a potential health risk to consumers. In spring 2023, a total of 74 yogurt samples were collected from the largest food suppliers in Kosovo for analysis, including samples produced in Kosovo and seven other countries: Albania, North Macedonia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Slovenia, Greece, Italy, and Germany. A rapid and sensitive analytical method, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), was used for the analysis. The results of the study highlight discernible differences in the maximum tolerable levels of AFM1 between the countries. More specifically, yogurt samples from Slovenia and Germany had lower levels than those from other countries. Additionally, the median levels of AFM1 in samples from Slovenia and Germany were significantly lower. The mean concentrations of AFM1 in yogurt samples from Kosovo and other countries were 0.071 μg/kg and 0.080 μg/kg, respectively. Out of all samples, 66 (89%) exceeded the maximum tolerable limit of 0.05 μg/kg. Among the exporting countries, Albania had the highest median AFM1 level of 0.085 μg/kg and the highest maximum level of 0.195 μg/kg. Slovenia had the lowest median AFM1 level, while Germany had the lowest maximum AFM1 level. All samples from Albania, Greece, and Bosnia and Herzegovina exceeded the maximum tolerable limit. High prevalence was also observed in samples from Kosovo, North Macedonia, and Slovenia. Considering the average daily consumption of about 250 grams of yogurt, and the total median value of Aflatoxin M1 concentration (0.071 μg/kg), the estimated daily intake was calculated to be 0.017 μg. These findings highlight the importance of monitoring and enforcing regulatory limits to ensure yogurt safety and to protect public health. Efforts should be focused on mitigating AFM1 contamination and implementing measures to minimise its presence in dairy products, especially in regions where levels exceed the established limits.Aflatoksin M1 (AFM1), toksični nusproizvod aflatoksina B1 (AFB1) kojeg proizvode gljivice Aspergillus kancerogeni je mikotoksin koji može kontaminirati različite poljoprivredne proizvode. Može se prenijeti iz hrane za životinje kontaminirane s AFB1 na mlijeko i mliječne proizvode, uključujući jogurt, predstavljajući potencijalni rizik po zdravlje potrošača. U proljeće 2023. godine prikupljeno je ukupno 74 uzoraka jogurta od najvećih dobavljača hrane na Kosovu za analizu, uključujući uzorke proizvedene na Kosovu i u sedam drugih zemalja: Albaniji, Sjevernoj Makedoniji, Bosni i Hercegovini, Sloveniji, Grčkoj, Italiji i Njemačkoj. Za analizu je rabljena brza i osjetljiva analitička metoda, Enzimski povezani imunosorbentni test (ELISA). Rezultati studije ukazuju da nalazi ove studije naglašavaju zamjetne razlike u maksimalno dopuštenim razinama AFM1 između različitih zemalja. Točnije, u uzorcima jogurta iz Slovenije i Njemačke zamijećene su niže razine od onih iz drugih zemalja. Uz to, srednje razine AFM1 u uzorcima iz Slovenije i Njemačke bile su značajno niže. Srednje koncentracije AFM1 u uzorcima jogurta s Kosova i iz drugih zemalja bile su 0,071 μg/kg, odnosno 0,080 μg/kg. Od svih uzoraka, 66 (89 %) prekoračilo je maksimalno dopušteno ograničenje od 0,05 μg/kg. Od zemalja izvoznica, Albanija je imala najveću srednju razinu AFM1 od 0,085 μg/kg i najveću maksimalnu razinu od 0,195 μg/kg. Slovenija je imala najnižu srednju razinu AFM1, a Njemačka najnižu maksimalnu razinu AFM1. Svi uzorci iz Albanije, Grčke i Bosne i Hercegovine prekoračili su maksimalnu dopuštenu razinu. Visoka prevalencija zamijećena je i u uzorcima s Kosova, iz Sjeverne Makedonije i Slovenije. Razmatrajući prosječnu dnevnu konzumaciju od jedne čašice od oko 250 g jogurta i ukupnu srednju vrijednost koncentracije aflatoksina M1 (0,071 μg/kg), izračunat je procijenjeni dnevni unos od 17,75 μg. Ovi nalazi naglašavaju važnost nadziranja i provođenja regulatornih ograničenja kako bi se osigurala sigurnost jogurta i zaštitilo javno zdravlje. Potrebno je uložiti napore za smanjenje kontaminacije AFM1 i provedbu mjera za smanjenje njegove prisutnosti u mliječnim proizvodima, posebice u regijama gdje razine prekoračuju utvrđena ograničenja

Direct observation of a highly spin-polarized organic spinterface at room temperature

Organic semiconductors constitute promising candidates toward large-scale electronic circuits that are entirely spintronics-driven. Toward this goal, tunneling magnetoresistance values above 300% at low temperature suggested the presence of highly spin-polarized device interfaces. However, such spinterfaces have not been observed directly, let alone at room temperature. Thanks to experiments and theory on the model spinterface between phthalocyanine molecules and a Co single crystal surface, we clearly evidence a highly efficient spinterface. Spin-polarised direct and inverse photoemission experiments reveal a high degree of spin polarisation at room temperature at this interface. We measured a magnetic moment on the molecule’s nitrogen p orbitals, which substantiates an ab-initio theoretical description of highly spin-polarised charge conduction across the interface due to differing spinterface formation mechanisms in each spin channel. We propose, through this example, a recipe to engineer simple organic-inorganic interfaces with remarkable spintronic properties that can endure well above room temperature

Conclusion

Natil I, Tauber L, Pierobon C. Conclusion. In: Pierobon C, Natil I, Tauber L, eds. The Power of Civil Society in the Middle East and North Africa. Peacebuilding, Change, and Development. Routledge explorations in development studies. Abingdon: Routledge; 2019: 178

Potential antiproliferative effect of isoxazolo- and thiazolo coumarin derivatives on breast cancer mediated bone and lung metastases

The study highlights the current progress in the development of coumarin scaffolds for drug discovery as novel anticancer agents in metastatic breast cancer. Eight compounds, combining the coumarin core and five membered heterocycles (isoxazoles and thiazoles) in hydrazinyldiene- -chroman-2,4-diones, were characterized in terms of a potential antiproliferative effect on bone (SCP1833) and lung (SCP4175) metastatic breast cancer cell lines using the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Cell viability was evaluated after 48 and 72 h of treatment and the 50 % inhibitory concentrations were determined. The results demonstrated dose- and time-dependent activity, with the most potent molecules having a thiazole moiety, without or with additional methyl group(s) attached to the carbon(s) at position(s) 5 and/or 4 in the thiazole ring. These molecules possessed significantly higher potency against both test cell lines compared to 4-hydroxycoumari

Potential antiproliferative effect of isoxazolo- and thiazolo coumarin derivatives on breast cancer mediated bone and lung metastases

The study highlights the current progress in the development of coumarin scaffolds for drug discovery as novel anticancer agents in metastatic breast cancer. Eight compounds, combining the coumarin core and five membered heterocycles (isoxazoles and thiazoles) in hydrazinyldiene- -chroman-2,4-diones, were characterized in terms of a potential antiproliferative effect on bone (SCP1833) and lung (SCP4175) metastatic breast cancer cell lines using the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Cell viability was evaluated after 48 and 72 h of treatment and the 50 % inhibitory concentrations were determined. The results demonstrated dose- and time-dependent activity, with the most potent molecules having a thiazole moiety, without or with additional methyl group(s) attached to the carbon(s) at position(s) 5 and/or 4 in the thiazole ring. These molecules possessed significantly higher potency against both test cell lines compared to 4-hydroxycoumari