3 research outputs found
SensibilitĂ© des Populations DâAedes Aegypti des Zones HĂ©veicoles de Dabou (Sud de la CĂŽte dâIvoire) aux OrganophosphorĂ©s, aux PyrĂ©thrinoĂŻdes et au Bacillus Thuringiensis Israelensis
Lâexpansion de lâhĂ©vĂ©aculture entraine une forte modification de lâenvironnement en CĂŽte dâIvoire. Aussi, plusieurs Ă©pidĂ©mies de dengue et de fiĂšvre jaune dues Aedes aegypti ont rĂ©cemment Ă©tĂ© observĂ©es en CĂŽte dâIvoire. Le profil de sensibilitĂ© aux insecticides dâAedes aegypti dans ces zones dâagriculture de masse nĂ©cessitant une main dâĆuvre importante est mal connu. Cette Ă©tude a Ă©tabli le profil de sensibilitĂ© dâAedes aegypti dans les zones de cultures dâhĂ©vĂ©a de Dabou afin de mieux planifier les mesures de lutte contre le vecteur majeur des dâarbovirus. Des larves d'Aedes aegypti ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©chantillonnĂ©es en janvier 2018 dans des plantations immatures et matures dâhĂ©vĂ©a, ainsi que dans les villages environnants aux plantations dâhĂ©vĂ©a dans le dĂ©partement de Dabou. Des tests larvicides (Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis et tĂ©mĂ©phos) et adulticides (chlorpyriphos-mĂ©thyl 0.8%, malathion 0,1% et Fenitrithion 0,1%, permĂ©thrine 0,75%, deltamĂ©thrine 0,05%, lambdacyahalothrine 0,05%) en tube sur les gĂ©nĂ©rations F1 ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©s conformĂ©ment aux directives de l'Organisation Mondiale de la SantĂ© (OMS). Les 3743 larves dâAedes aegypti testĂ©es ont Ă©tĂ© toutes sensibles aux deux larvicides avec des LC50 comprises entre 7.10-3 mg/L et 9.10-3 mg/L pour le Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis et entre 6,5.10-2 mg/L et 1,2.10-1 mg/L pour le tĂ©mĂ©phos. Les LC95 respectives Ă©taient comprises entre 2,1.10-2 mg/L et 2,4.10-2 mg/L et entre 6,5.10-2 mg/L et 1,2.10-1 mg/L. Aussi, 2400 Aedes aegypti adultes testĂ©s ont Ă©tĂ© tous sensibles aux organophosphorĂ©s (chlorpyriphos-mĂ©thyl 0.8%, malathion 0,1% et fenitrithion 0,1%) avec des mortalitĂ©s comprises entre 98% et 100% et aux pyrĂ©thrinoĂŻdes (permĂ©thrine 0,75%, deltamĂ©thrine 0,05%, lambdacyahalothrine 0,05%) avec des mortalitĂ©s de 100%. LâĂ©tude a montrĂ© que les populations immatures et adultes dâAedes aegypti des plantations dâhĂ©vĂ©a et les villages environnants de la zone dâĂ©tude Ă©taient sensibles au Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis, aux organophosphorĂ©s et aux pyrĂ©thrinoĂŻdes.
The expansion of rubber cultivation is leading to a strong modification of the environment in CĂŽte d'Ivoire. As a result, several outbreaks of dengue and yellow fever caused by Aedes aegypti have recently been observed in CĂŽte d'Ivoire. The insecticide susceptibility profile of Aedes aegypti in these labourintensive mass farming areas is poorly known. This study established the susceptibility profile of Aedes aegypti in the rubber growing areas of Dabou in order to better plan control measures against the major arbovirus vector. Aedes aegypti larvae were sampled in January 2018 in immature and mature rubber plantations, as well as in the villages surrounding the rubber plantations in the Dabou department. Larvicidal (Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis and temephos) and adulticidal (chlorpyriphos-methyl 0.8%, malathion 0.1% and Fenitrithion 0.1%, permethrin 0.75%, deltamethrin 0.05%, lambdacyahalothrin 0.05%) tube tests on F1 generations were carried out in accordance with the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. All 3743 Aedes aegypti larvae tested were sensitive to both larvicides with LC50 ranging from 7.10-3 mg/L to 9.10-3 mg/L for Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis and from 6.5.10-2 mg/L to 1.2.10-1 mg/L for temephos. The respective LC95 were between 2.1.10-2 mg/L and 2.4.10-2 mg/L and between 6.5.10-2 mg/L and 1.2.10-1 mg/L. Also, 2400 adult Aedes aegypti tested were all sensitive to organophosphates (chlorpyrifos-methyl 0.8%, malathion 0.1% and fenitrithion 0.1%) with mortalities between 98% and 100% and to pyrethroids (permethrin 0.75%, deltamethrin 0.05%, lambdacyahalothrin 0.05%) with mortalities of 100%. The study showed that immature and adult populations of Aedes aegypti in rubber plantations and surrounding villages in the study area were susceptible to Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis, organophosphates and pyrethroids
A High Proportion of Malaria Vector Biting and Resting Indoors despite Extensive LLIN Coverage in CĂŽte dâIvoire
Malaria is still a leading cause mortality in CĂŽte dâIvoire despite extensive LLINs coverage. We present the results of an entomological survey conducted in a coastal and in an inland village with the aim to estimate Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) femaleâs abundance indoor/outdoor and Plasmodium falciparum infection rate and analyze the occurrence of blood-feeding in relation to LLINs use. Pyrethrum spray (PSC) and window exit traps (WT) collections were carried out to target endophagic/endophilic and endophagic/exophilic females, respectively. Data on LLINs use in sampled houses were collected. (1) high levels of malaria transmission despite LLINs coverage >70% (~1 An. gambiae s.l. predicted mean/person/night and ~5% Plasmodium falciparum infection rate); (2) 46% of females in the PSC sample were blood-fed, suggesting that they fed on an unprotected host inside the house; (3) 81% of females in WT were unfed, suggesting that they were leaving the house to find an available host. Model estimates that if everyone sleeps under LLINs the probability for a mosquito to bite decreases of 48% and 95% in the coastal and inland village, respectively. The results show a high proportion of mosquito biting and resting indoors despite extensive LLINs. The biological/epidemiological determinants of accounting for these results merit deeper investigations
Is CĂŽte D'Ivoire a new high hybridization zone for the two major malaria vectors, Anopheles coluzzii and An. gambiae (Diptera, Culicidae)?
12openInternationalInternational coauthor/editorAnopheles gambiae and An. coluzzii are very closely related and recently differentiated species representing the main malaria vectors in the Afrotropical region and responsible of up to >3 infective bites/person/night in CĂŽte D'Ivoire, where prevention and control has stagnated in recent years. The aim of the present study was to genetically and ecologically characterize An. gambiae and An. coluzzii populations from two villages of CĂŽte D'Ivoire, lying in the coastal forest belt and 250âŻkm inland in the Guinean savannah mosaic belt, respectively. Results reveal high frequencies of both species in both study sites and high frequencies of hybrids (4â33%) along the whole year of sampling. Consistently with observations for the well-known high hybridization zone at the far-west of the species range, hybrid frequencies were higher in the coastal village and highest when the two species occurred at more balanced frequencies, supporting the âfrequency-dependent hybridizationâ ecological speciation theory. Pilot genotyping revealed signatures of genomic admixture in both chromosome-X and â3. Coupled with previous reports of hybrids in the region, the results point to the coastal region of CĂŽte D'Ivoire as a possible regions of high hybridization. Preliminary characterization of parameters relevant for malaria transmission and control (e.g. possibly higher sporozoite rates and indoor biting preferences in hybrids than in the parental species) highlight the possible relevance of the breakdown of reproductive barriers between An. gambiae and An. coluzzii not only in the field of ecological evolution, but also in malaria epidemiology and controlopenCaputo, Beniamino; Tondossoma, Naminata; Virgillito, Chiara; Pichler, Verena; Serini, Paola; Calzetta, Maria; Manica, Mattia; Coulibaly, Zanakoungo Ibrahim; Dia, Ibrahima; AkrĂ©, Maurice; Offianan, Andre; Della Torre, AlessandraCaputo, B.; Tondossoma, N.; Virgillito, C.; Pichler, V.; Serini, P.; Calzetta, M.; Manica, M.; Coulibaly, Z.I.; Dia, I.; AkrĂ©, M.; Offianan, A.; Della Torre, A