Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Periodontal Disease (Laboratory and Clinical Studies)

Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans has been regarded as one of the major microbiological aetiological agents in certain types of human periodontal disease especially Localized Juvenile Periodontitis. However, relatively few reports are available concerning its prevalence in chronic periodontitis, and there is some doubt concerning the laboratory methods used to isolate and identify A. actinomycetemcomitans from subgingival plaque. In the present investigation the ability of two semi-selective media (TSBV and MGB) to isolate A. actinomycetemcomitans from dental plaque samples was examined. TSBV medium was found to be less inhibitory with pure cultures and more selective in mixed cultures than MGB. In the laboratory, the presence of star-shaped colonies on primary culture plates is commonly used to differentiate A. actinomycetemcomitans from other bacteria, even although non-star-shaped variants are known to occur. Since there is no information concerning the presence of star-shaped and non-star-shaped colonies on primary isolation by A. actinomycetemcomitans in the literature, the prevalence of both colonial forms of A. actinomycetemcomitans on primary culture on TSBV medium was investigated in a subgroup of samples collected from patients with chronic periodontitis (see below). Surprisingly more than half of the isolates (52%) produced non-star-shaped colonies, the remainder having the star-shaped format. As a result if only star-shaped colonies had been selected for identification in this thesis, the prevalence data for the chronic periodontitis patients would have been reduced from 38 to 19 patients. Since no standard method for identifying A. actinomycetemcomitans was available, the API 20 A system was used in this thesis. Four different biochemical profiles were obtained, and the system was found to be simple to use and gave reproducible results. In a clinical study of the prevalence of A. actinomycetemcomitans in 98 patients with chronic periodontitis (302 subgingival samples), the organism was isolated from 39% of patients and from 27% of the total samples collected. However, in a healthy control group of 55 volunteers only one (2%) of the subjects possessed A. actinomycetemcomitans. In the chronic periodontitis group there were 55 females and 43 males, and although A. actinomycetemcomitans was isolated overall from more sites in male patients (60%) compared to female patients (40%), the distribution of A. actinomycetemcomitans was found to be similar in both groups. In general there were no clear differences between the prevalence of A. actinomycetemcomitans in the six different segments sampled in the 98 patients. Although adherence and hydrophobicity are believed to play an important role in the pathogenicity of a number of bacteria, little is known about these properties with regard to A. actinomycetemcomitans. In addition, previously published studies have used small numbers of strains. In the present investigation the ability of 33 strains of A. actinomycetemcomitans to adhere to human buccal epithelial cells in the presence of Saliva Ions Buffer (SIB), clarified mixed saliva and serum, using an epifluorescence technique was assessed in vitro. The hydrophobicity of the same 33 strains was assessed using adsorption to xylene. The adherence results clearly showed that overall A. actinomycetemcomitans can adhere well to buccal epithelial cells in vitro and in comparable numbers when experiments were performed in mixed saliva and in SIB. The adherence values were 12.7 and 12.0 adherent bacteria per buccal epithelial cell respectively. Similarly there was no significant difference between the adherence of fresh isolates (mean 13.3 bacteria) compared to the Type strains (10.7). The addition of human serum to the adherence assay system significantly inhibited the adherence of A. actinomycetemcomitans strains to buccal cells (p <0.0005). All isolates of A. actinomycetemcomitans were hydrophobic and produced a reduction in absorbance which ranged from 39% to 82% (mean 67%). No significant difference between the hydrophobicity of fresh and Type strains of A. actinomycetemcomitans was found. When the adherence to buccal epithelial cells and hydrophobicity results for each strain were compared a significant overall correlation (p <0.05) was found. These results tend to confirm the view that hydrophobicity and adherence to buccal cells are related

ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION NORMAL FLORA BACTERIA FROM DIFFERENT AREAS OF NINAVA GOVERNORATE

ABSTRACT: In this study, different types of bacteria were isolated and diagnosed from soils collected from different areas of Ninava governorate, new strain of bacteria was discovered, based on biochemical tests and genetic examination (16S rRNA) and the strain was recorded under accession number (MW690182) in the Gene Bank (NCBI). The isolated bacteria were Bacillus Subtilis strain that given new name (AHM1976) it was positive for gram stain, motility, hemolytic, beta type. Keywords: isolation; identification; normal flora bacteria.   Isolamento e identificação de bactérias da flora normal de diferentes áreas da província de Ninava, Iraque   RESUMO: Neste estudo, diferentes tipos de bactérias foram isolados e diagnosticados em solos coletados em diferentes áreas da Província de Ninava, Iraque. Foi descoberta uma nova cepa de bactéria, com base em testes bioquímicos e exame genético (16S rRNA), sendo essa cepa registrada sob o número de acesso (MW690182) no Gene Bank (NCBI). A bactéria isolada foi a cepa Bacillus Subtilis, que recebeu novo nome (AHM1976), testando de forma positiva para coloração de gram, motilidade, hemolítica, tipo beta. Palavras-chave: isolamento; identificação; bactérias da flora normal.&nbsp; &nbsp;ABSTRACT: In this study, different types of bacteria were isolated and diagnosed from soils collected from different areas of Ninava governorate, new strain of bacteria was discovered, based on biochemical tests and genetic examination (16S rRNA) and the strain was recorded under accession number (MW690182) in the Gene Bank (NCBI). The isolated bacteria were Bacillus Subtilis strain that given new name (AHM1976) it was positive for gram stain, motility, hemolytic, beta type. Keywords: isolation; identification; normal flora bacteria.   Isolamento e identificação de bactérias da flora normal de diferentes áreas da província de Ninava, Iraque   RESUMO: Neste estudo, diferentes tipos de bactérias foram isolados e diagnosticados em solos coletados em diferentes áreas da Província de Ninava, Iraque. Foi descoberta uma nova cepa de bactéria, com base em testes bioquímicos e exame genético (16S rRNA), sendo essa cepa registrada sob o número de acesso (MW690182) no Gene Bank (NCBI). A bactéria isolada foi a cepa Bacillus Subtilis, que recebeu novo nome (AHM1976), testando de forma positiva para coloração de gram, motilidade, hemolítica, tipo beta. Palavras-chave: isolamento; identificação; bactérias da flora normal.

The philosophy of the workplace spirituality in the third millennium organizations: A field study at the Ministry of Health Center

Purpose: The research aims to build an integrated knowledge framework for the basic research topic. The spirituality of the workplace is through access to the most important scientific proposals on these topics. In Management Thought Framing the knowledge within them in a serious attempt is to provide the appropriate answers about the intellectual dilemma of research. By diagnosing the nature of the relationship with the influential elements and its historical development . METHODOLOGY: The study relied on the analytical survey method. The research sample targeted (88) managers in the center of the Iraqi Ministry of Health exclusively from the researched senior leaders (general manager, assistant general manager, and head of department), and the main tool for research was represented by relying on solid international standards For the research variable after it has been adapted to the needs of the Iraqi environment, hypotheses and data analysis have been tested using the appropriate statistical tools (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, differential coefficient and confirmatory factor analysis) Theoretical results: The research results are formulated according to the process of intellectual reasoning and philosophical variables. Workplace spirituality in its broad sense encompasses a multidimensional concept linked to hope, desires, thinking patterns, emotions, feelings and behaviors. They are critical element in organizations' interactions with employees , customers and the community Individuals were able to integrate into their careers and enhance their job satisfaction . Practical results: The results of the statistical analysis showed the weak interest of the Ministry of Health in the spirituality of the workplace, as a result of the Ministry’s focus on routine official aspects and neglecting the spiritual aspects, feelings, and feelings of workers, which generally affected the organizational climate of the Ministry, which lost it the element of spiritual interaction that is most in need The result of the ministry’s work, which calls for a spirituality in the workplace. Originality/ Value: Focusing on the emotional and spiritual aspect of the employees. Technological developments have adversely affected social communication between employees and The sense of isolation has increased. This has adversely affected performance and creativity at work. So it was necessary to increase the actual attention to spiritual reality in the workplace. This is evidenced by the fact that some organizations have begun to set up special sections dealing with the spirituality of the workplace as the case within the American Academy, the spirituality of management and the religious interests group (MSR Group). To address specific spiritual issue

Study of the Al-Zawea Oil Refinery Power System in Libya

Abstract: Libya is an oil exporting country located in the middle of the North Africa. Exporting oil is the major income resource for the economics of the country. Al-Zawea refinery is one of the oil refineries in Libya. It is the largest refinery in the region. The refinery is located on the Mediterranean coast. Electricity is the main enabler in the refinery to produce and export oil. The refinery experienced power fluctuations in the last few years due to its own power plant instability and frequency variants. This research discusses the aspects of upgrading the existing power system of the refinery by converting it from a traditional system to a smart system (Smart Grid) to overcome the technical power problem. Smart grid technology is very much at the forefront in the energy and power industry. Billions of dollars have been invested so far for smart grid implementation. The effective utilization of smart grid technology to achieve bi-directional power flow, integration of renewable energy sources, and improving the quality and reliability of power supply require suitable communication systems and sensors. The intelligent system requires sensing and switching technology to communicate with the electric grid. Integrating renewable energy resources to the system is the main feature of Smart Grid implementation. A portion of the power supply of the system will be derived from Wind Energy to feed the electricity into the refinery electric grid and ensure sufficient power for operation. Although renewable energy application in Libya was started in the middle of the seventies, it has still not found its way into industry sector. This study employs earthier a wind speed analysis in the site (AL-Zawea City) using Raleigh pdf to model the wind speed which is the initial step to integrate wind with the existing grid. System with 25 buses has been used for simulation studies and implementation suggestions. Possible impacts of renewable (wind) energy system integration and its performance with the Al-Zawea refinery electric grid will be studied by load flow analysis using Newton-Raphson.Electrical Engineerin

Efficacy of biofeedback-assisted pelvic floor muscle training in females with pelvic floor dysfunction

Background: Stress urinary incontinence (SUI), fecal incontinence (FI) and/or pelvic floor dyssynergia, with pelvic organ prolapse (POP) are described as pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD). Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) is the first-line therapy in the treatment of PFD either alone or combined with biofeedback assisted pelvic floor muscle training (BF-assisted PFMT). Clinical practice regarding BF-assisted PFMT is controversial.Aims: To evaluate the efficacy of BF-assisted PFMT in females with mild to moderate PFD after a maximum duration of up to twelve weeks.Materials and subjects: 52 females with PFD were classified into 2 groups: Group 1(26 females with (SUI)) and Group 2 (26 females with (FI)) with or without stages I and II (POP). Females older than 20 years old and pelvic floor muscles grade 3–4 were included. Each group was divided in two equal groups (13 patients each): intervention group: performed BF-assisted PFMT and home exercise program (HEP) and control group: performed (HEP). All females were evaluated before and after the end of PFMT program by assessment questionnaires, PFM strength measurements using PFMs grading according to modified oxford score (MOS) and PFM contraction manometric measurements.Results: Participation rate was 90%. A Significant improvement was detected in 19 females (79.2%) in the intervention group compared to 7 females (31.8%) in the control group. Initial clinical and electrophysiological assessments were predictive for female improvement.Conclusion: Biofeedback-assisted PFMT is an effective therapy compared to PFMT alone for wellmotivated females with mild to moderate PFD

Reliable Machine Learning Model for IIoT Botnet Detection

Due to the growing number of Internet of Things (IoT) devices, network attacks like denial of service (DoS) and floods are rising for security and reliability issues. As a result of these attacks, IoT devices suffer from denial of service and network disruption. Researchers have implemented different techniques to identify attacks aimed at vulnerable Internet of Things (IoT) devices. In this study, we propose a novel features selection algorithm FGOA-kNN based on a hybrid filter and wrapper selection approaches to select the most relevant features. The novel approach integrated with clustering rank the features and then applies the Grasshopper algorithm (GOA) to minimize the top-ranked features. Moreover, a proposed algorithm, IHHO, selects and adapts the neural network’s hyper parameters to detect botnets efficiently. The proposed Harris Hawks algorithm is enhanced with three improvements to improve the global search process for optimal solutions. To tackle the problem of population diversity, a chaotic map function is utilized for initialization. The escape energy of hawks is updated with a new nonlinear formula to avoid the local minima and better balance between exploration and exploitation. Furthermore, the exploitation phase of HHO is enhanced using a new elite operator ROBL. The proposed model combines unsupervised, clustering, and supervised approaches to detect intrusion behaviors. The N-BaIoT dataset is utilized to validate the proposed model. Many recent techniques were used to assess and compare the proposed model’s performance. The result demonstrates that the proposed model is better than other variations at detecting multiclass botnet attacks