Fecal Carriage of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)-Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. in Children in Zonguldak

WOS: 000488951800011Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of fecal carriage of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria, ESBL enzyme types, and risk factors affecting colonization in children. Materials and Methods: Stool specimens of 0-15 years old children admitted to the pediatric outpatient clinic for any reason between October 2012-December 2013 were evaluated. Demographic data of the patients were collected through a questionnaire. Patients samples were cultured on selective EMB agar plates. The presence of ESBL was investigated by double disc synergy test and agar gradient test was used when necessary. Enzyme types of the isolates were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: The prevalence of fecal carriage was determined as 33% (150 of 454). Of the 154 ESBL-producing bacteria, 142 (92.2%), 11 (57.1%), and 1 (0.6%) were E. coil, K. pneumoniae and K. oxytoca, respectively. Of the ESBL-producing bacteria, 92.8% were positive for bla(CTX-M)genes. Of the bla(CTX-M) gene-positive isolates, 81.1% were positive for bla(CTX-M-)(15)( )and 94.4% were positive for bla(CTX-M-3) genes while 62.5% isolates were positive for both bla(CTX-M-3) and bla(CTX-M-15) genes. No significant association was demonstrated between carriage rates and the questioned risk factors. Conclusion: A high rate (33%) of fecal carriage of ESBL bacteria was found in the child population of Zonguldak. No significant association was demonstrated between carriage rates and the questioned risk factors. Predominant beta-lactamase enzyme types were CTX-M group while CTX-M-3 and CTX-M-15 were the most common enzyme types

The association between serum vitamin B-12 deficiency and tension-type headache in Turkish children

WOS: 000433091600004PubMed: 29520674This study aimed to determine the relationship between serum vitamin B12 level and tension-type headache. The study groups consisted of 75 patients (40 females, 35 males) with headache and a control group of 49 healthy children (25 females, 24 males). Serum vitamin B12 level < 200 pg/ml was defined as deficient, and < 160 pg/ml as severely deficient. The serum vitamin B12 level was measured by the electrochemiluminescence (ECLIA) method. The serum vitamin B12 levels in the headache and control groups were 273.01 +/- 76.77 and 316.22 +/- 74.53 pg/ml, with the difference determined as statistically significant (p = 0.003). In the case group, 18/75 patients (24%) had a serum vitamin B12 level below the normal of 200 pg/ml, and in the control group 4/49 (8%) patients were also below the normal range (p = 0.021). The serum vitamin B12 level in the children with tensiontype headache was significantly lower than that in the control group. Fromthe results of the study, itwas concluded that there may be an association between vitamin B12 level and tension-type headache. However, further clinical studies are needed