Analisis Metode Penerangan Hadith Berʻillah Dalam Sahih Muslim Menurut Ḥamzah Al-Malyabārī [Analysis of Method of Explaining Hadith Al-ʻilal In Sahih Muslim According To Ḥamzah Al-Malyabārī]

Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim merupakan salah satu kitab hadith yang muktabar dan penting dalam pengajian kitab hadith bersanad. Banyak kajian lepas telah membuktikan bahawa antara metodologi utama Imam Muslim adalah meletakkan hadith-hadith paling sahih di awal bab. Walau bagaimanapun,  metodologi penyusunan Imam Muslim terhadap hadith-hadith dalam sahihnya pelbagai dan mempunyai tujuan serta nilai ilmiah sangat tinggi bagi menerangkan keberadaan ʻillah pada sesuatu sanad mahupun matan. Bertitik tolak daripada itu, artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis metode penerangan hadith berʻillah dalam Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim menurut Ḥamzah al-Malyabārī. Analisis dilakukan dengan merujuk kepada kitab-kitab ʻilal serta kajian-kajian berkaitan metodologi Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim. Hasilnya dapat menjelaskan salah faham masyarakat terhadap kitab ini serta boleh dimanfaatkan oleh pengkaji hadith semasa dalam berinteraksi dengan hadith Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim. Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim is one of the greatest manuscript in Hadith and studies of transmitter. Many researches had come out that amid methodology of Imam Muslim, the most significant one is to accommodate the authentic hadith in early chapter. However, Imam Muslim's method towards compilation of authentic hadith in his Ṣaḥīḥ is various, and it has a very high purpose and intellectual value to explain the existense of deficiencies in the text or the chain of hadith (ilal hadith). Starting from that, this article aims to analyze the method of explanation of ilal hadith in Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim according to Ḥamzah al-Malyabārī. The analysis was conducted with reference to the books of ʻilal as well as studies related to the methodology of Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim. The result of this research can clarify the community's misunderstanding of this book and can be used by current hadith researchers in interacting with the hadiths of Ṣaḥīḥ Muslims

Risk of Cigarette Smoking on Male Fertility in Gaza Governorate, Gaza Strip

Background: Epidemiological studies have shown an association between smoking and increasing risk of male infertility. Aim: To assess the risk of cigarette smoking on male fertility in Gaza Governorate, Gaza Strip. Place of study: Specialized laboratories in Gaza Governorate, Gaza Strip. Time of study: From October, 2010 to June, 2011 Subjects and Methods: The present case control study included 54 smokers (cases) and 54 non smokers (controls) matched with age. Data were collected by questionnaire interview, semen and hormonal analysis. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 18. Results: The mean ages of controls and cases were 33.5±7.6 and 32.7±6.3 years, respectively. The percentage of cases who had children was lower than controls (37.0% v 81.5%, P=0.000). The percentages of cases who had testes surgery, previous semen and hormone analysis were higher than controls (33.3% v 11.1%; 88.9% v 29.9% and 83.3% v 9.3%, P=0.005, P=0.000 and P=0.000, respectively). Passive smoking was significantly associated with male fertility (P=0.000). The majority of cases were cigarette smokers and around half of them smoked more than 20 cigarettes/day. In addition, more than half of the cases smoked for 5-15 years. The longer duration of smoking, the less number of cases having children (P=0.026). Smoking had negative impact on sexual desire and erection in about quarter of cases. The mean sample volume, total count and active sperm were significantly decreased in cases compared to controls (2.7±1.3, 16.7±16.1 and 22.0±16.3 v 4.1±1.9, 52.6±14.6 and 43.3±11.2, with P=0.004, P=0.000 and P=0.000, respectively), whereas the mean abnormalities and dead sperms were markedly increased (23.0±9.9 and 57.9±16.2 v 10.9±6.0 and 35.8±10.2, respectively, P=0.000). When semen parameters were related to the number of smoked cigarettes/day and duration of smoking, there was a significant decrease in the number of active sperms whereas dead sperms were significantly increased with increasing the number of smoked cigarettes/day and smoking duration. In addition, total sperm count was significantly decreased only with increasing smoking duration. The mean levels of testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) and prolactin in cases showed no significant decrease compared to controls. Also, the number of smoked cigarettes/day and duration of smoking had no significant effect on hormonal profile. Conclusions: Cigarette smoking affects fertility by its main negative impact on semen parameters rather than hormonal profile at least in our patients

ANALISIS DAN DESAIN PROSES BISNIS UMKM MENGGUNAKAN 11 IMPROVEMENTS STUDI KASUS TOKO SUMBER REJEKI

Kontribusi sektor UMKM dalam lima tahun terakhir meningkat 57,84% menjadi 60,34% dari Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB) dan peningkatan penyerapan tenaga kerja dari 96,99% menjadi 97,22%. Namun, tidak banyak UMKM yang didukung oleh Teknologi Informasi (TI) dan sebagian besar UMKM tidak memahami proses bisnis, dimana memahami proses bisnis lebih penting daripada aplikasi TI langsung tanpa mengetahui pengaruhnya terhadap proses bisnis. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menghasilkan sebuah sistem untuk meningkatkan kualitas proses bisnis dan memberikan nilai tambah bagi UMKM. Analisis menggunakan 7 Tools untuk mengetahui bagaimana mengelola suatu proses untuk menghasilkan kualitas dan mengakomodasi kebutuhan UMKM terkait saran perbaikan proses bisnis untuk meningkatkan kualitas produk dan layanan mereka. Luaran dari penelitian ini berupa saran-saran yang diolah menggunakan metode 11 Improvement dengan menggambarkan pola (proses) improvement yang dapat dilaksanakan oleh UMKM khususnya pada masa pandemi Covid-19. Studi kasus dalam penelitian ini adalah salah satu UMKM dengan kriteria usaha mikro bernama Toko Sumber Rejeki yang menjual kebutuhan rumah tangga

Optimizing Deep Learning Model Parameters with the Bees Algorithm for Improved Medical Text Classification

This paper introduces a novel mechanism to obtain the optimal parameters of a deep learning model using the Bees Algorithm, which is a recent promising swarm intelligence algorithm. The optimization problem is to maximize the accuracy of classifying ailments based on medical text given the initial hyper-parameters to be adjusted throughout a definite number of iterations. Experiments included two different datasets: English and Arabic. The highest accuracy achieved is 99.63% on the English dataset using Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) along with the Bees Algorithm, and 88% on the Arabic dataset using AraBERT

The reliability of an error classification system developed for use by the International Islamic University Malaysia Primary Care Clinic

Primary care is often the entry point for patients in a healthcare system. The literature, however suggests that primary care is not as safe as it should be due to medical errors. Because no error classification has been developed for preventing medical errors in Malaysian primary care clinics. Thus, this study aimed to develop an error classification system for use in the International Islamic University Malaysia Primary Care Clinic (IIUMPC) before assessing its reliability and acceptability to potential users. Methods: An error classification system for primary care was developed by merging four existing error classification systems. This cross-sectional study, then recruited 107 healthcare students as participants. Each student had to read 3 case studies on medical errors in primary care before classifying each case using the newly developed error classification system. The students then had to fill in a questionnaire to provide feedback about the classification system. The inter-rater reliability was then compared using Krippendorff's alpha. Results: Krippendorff’s alpha coefficient computed for Case I was 0.358, Case II was 0.369, while Case III was 0.314. The mean Krippendorff’s alpha coefficient for all three cases was 0.347. 72% of participants indicated their willingness to use the classification system in the future, citing ease of use (48%) among others. Conclusions: Although a new error classification system was successfully developed for use in the IIUMPC, the level of agreement between classifiers was considered low. Nevertheless, the positive responses by the participants warrant the classifications system's improvement

A review of medical error taxonomies: a human factors perspective

Although a large number of medical error taxonomies have been published, there is little evidence to suggest that these taxonomies have been systematically compared. This paper describes a study comparing 26 medical error taxonomies using a human factors perspective. The taxonomies were examined to determine if they classified systemic factors of medical errors and if they utilized theoretical error concepts in their classifications. Scope of classification was also examined. It was found that two-thirds of the taxonomies classified systemic factors of medical errors and only a third utilized theoretical error concepts. Medical error taxonomies based on theoretical error concepts were more likely to be generic in applicability and also more likely to classify systemic factors and psychological error mechanisms of medical errors. In addition to terminology, the medical error taxonomies also varied in terms of domain-specificity, granularity, and developmental process. Different medical error taxonomies provide different information; how these differences affect medical error management needs to be investigated

Effectiveness of lake remediation towards water quality: application in Varsity Lake, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur

Surface water quality monitoring is an important tool for enhancing the water body management system. This study focuses on the water quality of a lake based on rehabilitation work completed in 2014. This lake suffers from eutrophication and water quality degradation due to the increase in pollution rates and water source scarcity. Nine points were selected to represent the water quality status for the study area. Two river tributaries that pass through the University Malaya (UM) campus have been considered due of its potential as a water source for the lake. Field and laboratory analysis were conducted to understand the transport of water quality parameters. The data variations were analyzed using a multivariate statistical method to determine the significant differences between the lake and river. Based on the Malaysian Water Quality Index (WQI) and cluster analysis, the results indicated that the lake and river have different physico-chemical characteristics and the lake water has a better quality than the river. Comparison of the concentration for BOD, TSS, PO43- and NO3- between year 2009 and current study proved that the water quality has improved by 99.8% proving that the lake remediation is effective

Soil erodibility and surface runoff potentiality for water pollution management of Melaka Tengah watersheds in Malaysia

The relationships among surface runoff, precipitation and soil erodibility are significant in addressing environmental pollution as like water pollution and in predicting the benefits of Melaka Tengah watershed management practices. Land use pattern, soil series and slope percentage are also major factors to develop these relationships. Rainfall data (2009 to 2012) were collected from six rainfall station and analyzed for variations in precipitation at monthly and daily scale for calculating the surface runoff of these watersheds. Soil texture and structure, organic matter percentage, and hydraulic conductivity were analyzed for the particular soil series in this study area. Soil Conservation Services (SCS) and Weighted Curve Number (CNw) methods were introduced to calculate the surface runoff on daily basis. Henceforth, monthly surface runoff was calculated by summing the daily runoff and surface runoff map was produced by ArcGIS tools. Thenceforth, Tew equation was introduced to identify the soil erodibility of watershed soils for predicting the soil erosion probability. Results indicated the weighted curve number varies from 82 to 85 and monthly runoff varies from 23% to 30% among the five watersheds. Soil erodibility varies from 0.038 to 0.06 (ton/ha)(ha.hr/MJ.mm). Linau-Telok-Local Alluvium, Malacca-Munchong, Munchong-Malacca-Serdang and Malacca-Munchong-Tavy are the dominant soil series of this region having the average soil erodibility of about 0.042 (ton/ha)(ha.hr/MJ.mm). The main focus of this study is to provide the information of surface runoff potentiality, and soil erodibility for watershed water resources management, water pollution and flood control for watersheds

SYNTHESIS, STRUCTURAL ELUCIDATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL EVALUATION OF 2-{4-(T-AMINO)-2-(BUT-2-YN-1-YL)}-1, 3 BENZOTHIAZOLE DERIVATIVES

Objective: A new series of 2-{4-(t-amino)-2-(but-2-yn-1-yl)}-1,3-benzothiazole derivatives, 2-[4-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)but-2-yn-1-yl]-1,3-benzothiazole (BZ2), 2-[4-(2-methylpiperidin-1-yl)but-2-yn-1-yl]-1,3-benzothiazole (BZ3), 2-[4-(piperidin-1-yl) but-2-yn-1-yl]-1,3-benzothiazole (BZ4), 2-[4-(azepan-1-yl)but-2-yn-1-yl]-1,3-benzothiazole (BZ5), 2-[4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl) but-2-yn-1-yl]-1,3-benzothiazole (BZ6), 2-[4-(2, 6-dimethylpiperidin-1-yl) but-2-yn-1-yl]-1, 3-benzothiazole (BZ7) were synthesized and screened in vitro as potential antimicrobial agents.Methods: In-vitro antimicrobial activity evaluation was done, by agar diffusion method and broth dilution test against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538p, Candida albicans ATCC 10231, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027, Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined. The results of antimicrobial testing were compared to two positive control drugs ciprofloxacin (5 µg/ml) and fluconazole (500µg/ml).Results: Compound 2-[4-(azepan-1-yl) but-2-yn-1-yl]-1,3-benzothiazole (BZ5) showed the highest antibacterial activity against S. aureus with MIC value of 15.62 µg/ml while; Compound 2-[4-(2,6-dimethylpiperidin-1-yl)but-2-yn-1-yl]-1,3-benzothiazole (BZ7) exhibited the highest antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa with MIC value of 31.25 µg/ml. Compounds 2-[4-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)but-2-yn-1-yl]-1,3-benzothiazole (BZ2) and 2-[4-(azepan-1-yl)but-2-yn-1-yl]-1,3-benzothiazole (BZ5) showed the highest antifungal activity against C. albicans with MIC value of 15.62 µg/ml (for both).Conclusion: The results obtained showed variation in the antibacterial and antifungal activity based on the structure of the cyclic amines in these amino acetylenic benzothiazole derivatives. Keywords: Benzothiazole, Aminoacetylenic, Antibacterial, Antifungal, Mannich reactio

Between Survival and Sustenance : Plants for Recycle Edible Garden

Previous studies demonstrate that plants played a significant role in the edible garden plantings.  Therefore, this study aims to analyse and evaluate the practicality and performance of plants selected in composing the recycle edible garden at Masjid As-Siddiq. This paper discusses the issues, challenges and imperatives of how a successful plants selection would lead towards survival and sustenance food for the community. The data derived from qualitative and quantitative method through photo and images recorded throughout the implementation period.  The results will interpret relevant information about the plants potential in surviving and becoming sustenance towards the sustainable community.