Chlorination Of Nitrided Malaysian Ilmenite Concentrate Reduced With Polypropylene And Coal

The production of Titanium Oxycarbonitride (TiOxCyNz) from Malaysian ilmenite and its chlorination at low temperatures for production of Titanium Tetrachloride (TiCl4) was studied in this project. The objective was to improve an alternative technology for production of TiCl4. The effects of carbothermal reduction and nitridation (CTRN) on parameters of time, carbon to oxygen molar ratio (C:Ored) and the addition of waste PP plastic into coal (PP:MB coal) on the formation of Fe and TiOxCyNz from ilmenite were investigated. Design of Experiments (DOE) was assigned to design the parameters in CTRN process. The CTRN process was done at temperature of 1150 and 1250 °C under H2-N2 atmosphere for 60 and 180 min. A mixture of C:Ored molar ratio ranging from 3.0 and 7.0 ratios. The extent of reduction (XO) and the extent of nitridation (XN) was increasing as increase PP:MB coal content from 25 wt. %, 60 wt. % and 100 wt. %. SEM/EDX analyses showed that the product synthesized by 60 wt. % and 100 wt. % PP had a unique microstructure in which is spherical Fe particles. This spherical Fe can be easily separated from TiOxCyNz phase. The highest XO and XN were 93.15% and 93.85%; respectively for C7PP1004. After CTRN process, Fe removal was carried out for 8 hours by an aeration leaching Becher type process at 70 °C in the presence of NH4Cl and 0.1 wt. % AQ-2 as the effective catalysts. Again DOE was used in chlorination to design the experiment run. The parameters for chlorination were time (30 min and 60 min),temperature (300 °C and 400 °C) and N2 gas flowrate (200 mL/min and 400 mL/min). The XTi moderately increased with increasing the temperature and decreasing flow rate of N2 gas from 200 mL/ min to 400 mL/min. The highest weight loss and XTi of TiOxCyNz at 300 °C and 400 °C were 84.0% and 88.7 % in 60 minutes, respectively. The TiCl4 with the purity of about 97% was eventually produced from Malaysian ilmenite. Therefore, project demonstrated that the process of CTRN, leaching process and chlorination process could be a feasible method in production of TiCl4

Stormwater Drainage Design (Case Study: UTHM Campus)

The impervious surface has risen as a result of development is growing rapidly. Impervious surfaces are considered to have poor water permeability as the surface prevents water from penetrating it which can lead to increased surface runoff. The rise of surface runoff at impervious area such as paved road and parking area will be far more severe especially when there is no existing drain nearby at Jalan Kolej in UTHM Campus. Along with the condition of road chambers that have slope to drain surface runoff to the road shoulder also may increase the surface runoff drastically in that area as the water will accumulate more due to slow infiltration rate. Therefore, the objective of this case study is to determine runoff problem at impervious area that may cause flash flood as well as to propose a good design for new storm water drainage. In this study, the rational method and Manning's equation were applied. Rational method was used to determine the peak runoff in the study area and Manning's equation was used to ensure that the stormwater drain designed were able to accommodate peak surface runoff. As a result, it was discovered that the poor infiltration rate in the study area was also a contributing factor to increasing impervious surface runoff. The lowest infiltration rate discovered in UTHM Campus was 9.78 mm/hr. In order to decreased surface runoff on impervious surfaces while minimising the risk of flash floods, the designed stormwater drain should be able to accommodate peak flow. The peak discharge at the study area was at subcatchment 3 with 1.723 m3/s while the designed stormwater drainage capacity was 4.119 m3/s. By doing this study, runoff problems were identified and a stormwater drain was developed to mitigate the problem in the study area

THE PSYCHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF PREGNANT WOMEN DURING THE COVID-19 OUTBREAK IN LEBANON

In Lebanon, the psychological conditions of pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic have not been reported, which creates the need to conduct this study that aims to evaluate the psychological conditions of pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional design was adopted to reach the aim of this study. The study sample was reached through OBS/GYN clinics to be able to contact the pregnant women in the community, where a convenient sampling technique was followed. The total number of participants was 360 pregnant women: 101 (27.77%) first trimester, 140 (38.88%) second trimester, and 119 (33.33%) third trimester. There is significant evidence indicating that pregnant women may experience various psychological changes such as depression, anxiety, insomnia, and symptoms of PTSD. These four conditions were evaluated using four scales known to be valid and reliable. The ratings of first- and third-trimester pregnant women for four measures were substantially higher than those of second-trimester pregnant women (

Code-switching in English as a foreign language classroom: teachers’ attitudes

Code-switching has always been an intriguing phenomenon to sociolinguists. While the general attitude to it seems negative, people seem to code-switch quite frequently. Teachers of English as a foreign language too frequently claim that they do not like to code-switch in the language classroom for various reasons – many are of the opinion that only the target language should be used in the classroom. This study looks at the teachers’ attitudes towards code-switching in teaching English as a foreign language to Malay students at one of the local universities in Malaysia. Data was collected through observations, questionnaires and interviews. Each teacher was observed, their language use were recorded, transcribed and then analyzed using the functions proposed by Gumperz (1982). The results of the study showed that teachers do code-switch in the language classroom, despite their claim that they do not. Analysis of the data showed that, in most cases, code switching by teachers was done to serve pedagogical purposes

Profil demografi dan sokongan sosial dalam kalangan people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV) di Lembah Klang

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) adalah virus yang menyerang sistem imun dalam badan manusia dan penghidap HIV positif (PLHIV) perlu bergantung kepada ubat-ubatan seumur hidup bagi menjalani kehidupan seperti manusia yang normal. Kebergantungan kepada ubat HIV banyak memberikan kesan negatif kepada mereka samada dari segi kelesuan fizikal, emosi, kewangan serta perubahan rutin. Maka, sokongan sosial adalah sesuatu yang sangat penting bagi mereka dalam berhadapan dengan situasi ini dan seterusnya meningkatkan kualiti kehidupan. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk meneroka profil demografi serta tahap sokongan sosial yang diterima oleh PLHIV di Lembah Klang. Seramai 165 orang peserta yang menyertai kajian berbentuk keratan rentas ini. Kaedah pensampelan bertujuan digunakan dan melibatkan responden yang berumur 18 hingga 60 tahun. Bahagian pertama soal selidik melibatkan bahagian demografi (penempatan, jantina, umur, bangsa, status perkahwinan, tahap pendidikan, pekerjaan, tempoh menghidap HIV, cara transmisi HIV, tempoh rawatan HAART, penyakit selain HIV) dan bahagian kedua ialah soal selidik Skala Multidimensional untuk Sokongan Sosial (MSPSS-M). Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa 94.5% responden adalah lelaki dan majoriti - 32.1% dalam lingkungan umur 40 hingga 50 tahun. Cara transmisi HIV melalui hubungan seksual adalah yang paling tinggi iaitu 49.1% berbanding penggunaan jarum, 44.2%. Selain itu, kajian menunjukkan tahap sokongan sosial yang diterima oleh responden adalah tinggi - 50.9%, 38.2% mendapat sokongan sosial yang sederhana dan hanya 10.9% mendapat sokongan sosial yang rendah. Justeru, tahap sokongan sosial bagi golongan PLHIV menunjukkan peningkatan yang baik namun perlu diperhalusi dengan lebih teliti dalam usaha menurunkan stigma kendiri serta meningkatkan keyakinan diri PLHIV agar kehidupan mereka lebih baik secara keseluruhannya

PENGARUH SELF EFFICACY, KEPEMIMPINAN TRANSFORMASIONAL DAN KOMPENSASI TERHADAP KEPUASAN KERJA KARYAWAN PT. POS INDONESIA (PERSERO) KANTOR CABANG ASIA AFRIKA BANDUNG

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh self efficacy, kepemimpinan transformasional, dan kompensasi terhadap kepuasan kerja karyawan PT. Pos Indonesia (Persero) Kantor Cabang Asia Afrika Bandung. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dan verifikatif dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 50 responden. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara, dan menyebarkan kuesioner. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah Method of Successive Internal (MSI), analisis regresi linier berganda, korelasi berganda, koefisien determinasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan antara self efficacy, kepemimpinan transformasional, dan kompensasi terhadap kepuasan kerja karyawan PT. Pos Indonesia (Persero) Kantor Cabang Asia Afrika Bandung secara simultan sebesar 43,7%. Secara parsial pengaruh self efficacy terhadap kepuasan kerja sebesar 17,2%, pengaruh kepemimpinan transformasional terhadap kepuasan kerja sebesar 16,3% dan pengaruh kompensasi terhadap kepuasan kerja sebesar 10,2%. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa self efficacy memberikan pengaruh yang lebih besar terhadap kepuasan kerja karyawan PT. Pos Indonesia (Persero) Cabang Asia Afrika Bandung. Kata Kunci: Self Efficacy, Kepemimpinan Transformasional, Kompensasi, Kepuasan kerj

CT vs MR attenuation correction: a systematic review on pet image quality assessment

This systematic review was conducted to evaluate the image quality performance when implementing computed tomography data (CTAC) or magnetic resonance data for attenuation correction (MRAC) on positron emission tomography (PET) images. The CTAC and MRAC were performed on image from PET/CT and PET/MR scanners, respectively. The systematic review was done based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA). In this study, twelve articles were included from six databases. The image performance was evaluated by overall image quality, contrast, spatial resolution, detectability, standardised uptake value (SUV) and acquisition time. Data was shown as mean ± standard deviation and compared between CTAC and MRAC images to determine which attenuation correction method provides better image quality. Results found that PET-CTAC and PET-MRAC have similar image performance in overall image quality (p=0.93), detectabilty (p=0.84), SUVmean (p=0.84) and SUVmax (p=0.81). Meanwhile, PET-CTAC acquisition time is significantly faster than PET-MRAC by approximately two fold (p <0.05). There were no statistical analyses performed for image contrast, spatial resolution and contrast-noise-ratio due to the insufficient data. In conclusion, although PET/CT is faster than PET/MRI procedure, images yielded from CTAC and MRAC are equivalent to each other. Due to the variation of linear attenuation coefficient for each type of tissue, future review of image quality comparison can be done focusing on specific tissue or region such as soft tissue, bone and lungs to reflect the real impact of CTAC and MRAC on PET image

Cupping suction system with fuzzy logic controller design

Cupping therapy represents an unconventional remedy which utilized combination of traditional and contemporary Islamic medications to expedite wellness restoration through stimulated blood and air extractions by application of vacuum on the human skin. A number of methods enclosing immediate engulfing of bitten wounds through the human's mouth, blood withdrawal through the assistance of leeches, as well as the operationalizing of heat or pump-based techniques through utilization of venerable instruments like organic horns and modernized approach like bamboo, plastic and glassware to develop the suction effect. Modern cupping mechanism especially recognized uncontrollable discharge of pressure amid the engulfing process following air dispersal through gaps in the hair. Such predicament then drove cupping practitioners to usage of the phlegm suction machine available within the market for engulfment on hairy areas of the human body. However, several disadvantages surfaced from its enormous size, inability for simultaneous suctions, as well as extended cupping interval and skilful operational requirement from manually administered suction power control for blister and skin damage preventions. Resolution to the aforementioned problems is proposed through the current paper by development of a cupping suction system as equipped with an automatic suction control and simultaneous suction outputs. The system additionally included the attributes of interval selection and alarm mechanism with time display for clarified interval indication towards better remedial outcomes. The system's installation of fuzzy control as the intelligent controller further works to ensure lowered power consumption and better engulfment control on the skin. Demonstrated results ultimately confirmed the proposed system as an efficient suction structure for reduced negative effect of cupping therapy on patients' skin and eased adoption among cupping practitioner

Hybrid learning: An Introduction to Keeping Pace with Educational Development

In light of the growth of necessary technological tools, hybrid education has become one of the necessities of the digital age, the study aimed to consider the method that can be used to provide high-quality hybrid education, the descriptive survey method was used, the study sample consisted of (850) male and female teachers, the questionnaire was used as a tool for the study, the results showed that the evaluation of all parties involved in hybrid education is modest, and according to the results, the results showed that higher education will be facilitated through the constructive contributions made by the parties to the strong IT infrastructure and quality, based on the findings, the researcher recommends Facilitating higher education through constructive contributions made by parties to strong IT infrastructure and quality