توظيف المفردات المشتركة بين اللغة الملايوية والألفاظ القرآنية في بناء منهاج لتعليم اللغة العربية للناطقين بالملايوية

 إن العلاقة بين القرآن الكريم واللغة العربية علاقة لا تنفك قائمة، ومن ثم كان هذا البحث؛ ليفتح الباب أمام الإفادة من القرآن الكريم في مجال علم اللغة التطبيقي، من خلال تقديم أنموذج مقترح يوظف القرآن الكريم في بناء منهاج لتعليم اللغة العربية للناطقين بالملايوية، باستخدام المفردات المشتركة بين اللغة الملايوية والألفاظ القرآنية. مشكلة الدراسة: إن مما دفع الباحث للقيام بهذا البحث هو ندرة المناهج وكتب تعليم اللغة العربية التي تعتمد توظيف القرآن الكريم، أساسًا في بنائها؛ ومن ثم فقد اهتمت هـذه الدراسـة بإلقـاء الضـوء علـی أهمية توظيف القـرآن الكریـم والإفادة من المفردات المشتركة في بناء منهاج تعليمي متكامل لتعليم اللغــة العربیــة للناطقين بالملايوية. منهج الدراسة: اعتمد الباحث المنهج الوصفي التحليلي في إعداد بحثه؛ لملاءمته لموضوع البحث وطبيعته. أهداف الدراسـة: تهدف هذه الدراسة إلـی رسم خطوط عريضة لمنهـج تعليمي متكامل، يتم فيه توظيف النص القرآني في تعليم اللغة العربية للناطقين بالملايوية. نتائج الدراسة: تظهر نتائج هذه الدراسة أن اعتماد توظيف القرآن الكريم كأساس في بناء منهاج لتعليم اللغة العربية للناطقيــن بالملايوية ممكن ومتاح، كما أن له آثارًا إيجابية شتى على الطلاب.الكلمات المفتاحية: القرآن الكریم- توظيف - اللغة العربیة- منهاج - الناطقين بغيرها

Silencing of <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> Pathogenesis: Atenolol Acquires Efficient Anti-Virulence Activities

The targeting of bacterial virulence is proposed as a promising approach to overcoming the bacterial resistance development to antibiotics. Salmonella enterica is one of the most important gut pathogens that cause a wide diversity of local and systemic illnesses. The Salmonella virulence is controlled by interplayed systems namely Quorum sensing (QS) and type three secretion system (T3SS). Furthermore, the Salmonella spy on the host cell via sensing the adrenergic hormones enhancing its virulence. The current study explores the possible anti-virulence activities of β-adrenoreceptor blocker atenolol against S. enterica serovar Typhimurium in vitro, in silico, and in vivo. The present findings revealed a significant atenolol ability to diminish the S. typhimurium biofilm formation, invasion into HeLa cells, and intracellular replication inside macrophages. Atenolol significantly downregulated the encoding genes of the T3SS-type II, QS receptor Lux analogs sdiA, and norepinephrine membranal sensors qseC and qseE. Moreover, atenolol significantly protected mice against S. typhimurium. For testing the possible mechanisms for atenolol anti-virulence activities, an in silico molecular docking study was conducted to assess the atenolol binding ability to QS receptor SdiA and norepinephrine membranal sensors QseC. Atenolol showed the ability to compete on the S. typhimurium targets. In conclusion, atenolol is a promising anti-virulence candidate to alleviate the S. typhimurium pathogenesis by targeting its QS and T3SS systems besides diminishing the eavesdropping on the host cells

Muting Bacterial Communication: Evaluation of Prazosin Anti-Quorum Sensing Activities against Gram-Negative Bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, and Serratia marcescens

Quorum sensing (QS) controls the production of several bacterial virulence factors. There is accumulative evidence to support that targeting QS can ensure a significant diminishing of bacterial virulence. Lessening bacterial virulence has been approved as an efficient strategy to overcome the development of antimicrobial resistance. The current study aimed to assess the anti-QS and anti-virulence activities of &alpha;-adrenoreceptor prazosin against three virulent Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonades aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, and Serratia marcescens. The evaluation of anti-QS was carried out on a series of in vitro experiments, while the anti-virulence activities of prazosin were tested in an in vivo animal model. The prazosin anti-QS activity was assessed on the production of QS-controlled Chromobacterium violaceum pigment violacein and the expression of QS-encoding genes in P. aeruginosa. In vitro tests were performed to evaluate the prazosin effects on biofilm formation and production of extracellular enzymes by P. aeruginosa, P. mirabilis, and S. marcescens. A protective assay was conducted to evaluate the in vivo anti-virulence activity of prazosin against P. aeruginosa, P. mirabilis, and S. marcescens. Moreover, precise in silico molecular docking was performed to test the prazosin affinity to different QS receptors. The results revealed that prazosin significantly decreased the production of violacein and the virulent enzymes, protease and hemolysins, in the tested strains. Prazosin significantly diminished biofilm formation in vitro and bacterial virulence in vivo. The prazosin anti-QS activity was proven by its downregulation of QS-encoding genes and its obvious binding affinity to QS receptors. In conclusion, prazosin could be considered an efficient anti-virulence agent to be used as an adjuvant to antibiotics, however, it requires further pharmacological evaluations prior to clinical application

Assessment of mental wellbeing of undergraduate pharmacy students from 14 countries:The role of gender, lifestyle, health-related, and academic-related factors

BACKGROUND: Pharmacy students will assume future roles as frontline healthcare providers. Therefore, evaluating their current state of mental wellbeing and its associated factors is essential for better planning students' support initiatives. This study aimed to assess mental wellbeing and its associated factors among undergraduate pharmacy students from 14 countries during the pandemic. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduate pharmacy students in 14 countries in Asia and the Middle East. The validated Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (the 14-item WEMWBS) was adopted to assess mental wellbeing. Data collection was performed online between February and April 2022. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used as appropriate. RESULTS: A total of 2,665 responses were received, mainly from females (68.7%) with a higher presence of private universities (59.1%). About 34.9% had low mental wellbeing levels, while 57 and 8.1% had medium, and high levels, respectively. Binary logistic regression showed that males (AOR: 1.34; CI 95%: 1.11–1.61; p < 0.01) and students with no chronic illnesses (AOR: 2.01; CI 95%: 1.45–2.80; p < 0.001) were more likely to have higher mental wellbeing. Also, participants who did not engage in any exercise (AOR: 0.71; CI 95%: 0.52–0.98; p = 0.04) and those in public universities (AOR: 0.82; CI 95%: 0.69–0.97; p = 0.02) were less likely to have higher mental wellbeing. Additionally, students who had interest/passion for pharmacy (AOR: 1.69; CI 95%: 1.07–2.68; p = 0.02), and those who known pharmacists inspired (AOR: 1.81; CI 95%: 1.06–3.12; p = 0.03), were more likely to have higher mental wellbeing compared with those who had no specific reason for their choice to study pharmacy. The participants with excellent (AOR: 1.87; CI 95%: 1.29–2.70; p = 0.001) or very good self-reported academic performance (AOR: 1.57; CI 95%: 1.12–2.22; p = 0.01) were more likely to have higher mental wellbeing compared to those with fair academic performance. CONCLUSION: More than a third of the participants had low mental wellbeing. Various demographic, lifestyle, medical and academic factors appeared to affect students' mental wellbeing. Careful consideration of these factors and their integration into the pharmacy schools' plans for student support services and academic advising would be essential to improve students' mental wellbeing

Characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients admitted to hospital with and without respiratory symptoms

Background: COVID-19 is primarily known as a respiratory illness; however, many patients present to hospital without respiratory symptoms. The association between non-respiratory presentations of COVID-19 and outcomes remains unclear. We investigated risk factors and clinical outcomes in patients with no respiratory symptoms (NRS) and respiratory symptoms (RS) at hospital admission. Methods: This study describes clinical features, physiological parameters, and outcomes of hospitalised COVID-19 patients, stratified by the presence or absence of respiratory symptoms at hospital admission. RS patients had one or more of: cough, shortness of breath, sore throat, runny nose or wheezing; while NRS patients did not. Results: Of 178,640 patients in the study, 86.4&nbsp;% presented with RS, while 13.6&nbsp;% had NRS. NRS patients were older (median age: NRS: 74 vs RS: 65) and less likely to be admitted to the ICU (NRS: 36.7&nbsp;% vs RS: 37.5&nbsp;%). NRS patients had a higher crude in-hospital case-fatality ratio (NRS 41.1&nbsp;% vs. RS 32.0&nbsp;%), but a lower risk of death after adjusting for confounders (HR 0.88 [0.83-0.93]). Conclusion: Approximately one in seven COVID-19 patients presented at hospital admission without respiratory symptoms. These patients were older, had lower ICU admission rates, and had a lower risk of in-hospital mortality after adjusting for confounders