Energy Conservation using Voice Recognition

Conserving Energy is one of the most important issues in all Arab countries and the rest the world. Roads are designed to connect cities, and these roads are constructed and lightened to make the driving more safely and more easily. To reduce the energy consumption, there must be a systematic way to turn the street lights ON or OFF based on the traffic condition. The idea of the work is to design a system that has the capability to turn the lights ON only when cars passing through for some period of time. Our system is designed for the highways streets for example the road that connect any two large cities. We implemented the proposed system using Matlab, and the results show the strength of the proposed system. Keywords: recognition, energy, voice, lights, highway

Optimization and Validation of RP-HPLC-UV/VIS Method for Determination Some Antioxidants in Dry Calyces of Iraqi Hibiscus Sabdraffia Linn

A new (Reversed Phase- High Performance Liquid chromatography) RP-HPLC method with Ultraviolet-Visible spectrophotometry has been optimized and validated for the simultaneous extraction and determination of antioxidants present in Iraqi calyces of Hibiscus Sabdraffia Linn. The method is based on using ultrasonic bath for extracting antioxidants. Limit of detection in μg/ml of Vitamin C, Sabdaretine, Gossypetine, Hibiscetine, Anthocyanins, Dephinidin-3-glucoside were113.8294×10-6,123.0453×10-6,70.3681×10-6,59.6730×10-6,148.1710×10-6,and125.3481×10-6 respectively. The concentration of antioxidants found in dry spacemen of calyces of Iraqi Hibiscus Sabdraffia Linn. under study: Vitamin C, Sabdaretine, Gossypetine, Hibiscetine, Anthocyanins, and Dephinidin-3-glucoside are 258.3 μg/g, 225.51 μg/g, 154.975 μg/g, 111.407 μg/g, 439.442 μg/g, and 185.729 μg/g respectively

Detection of antibiotics resistance andefflux pumps production in clinical Acinetobacter baumannii isolates

Acinetobacter baumannii is considered one of the important pathogenic bacteria and responsible for several nosocomial and community infections in humans, such as the lungs (pneumonia), the bloodstream of ICU patients, burns, surgical wounds and meningitis. During the period from September to the end of December 2022, a total of 210 blood specimens were collected inDiyala governorate  Baqubah Teaching Hospital, Iraq.To investigate the prevalence of bacterial isolates among ICU patients by identifying bacteria depending on suitable media under suitable environmental conditions for growth, morphological characteristics, biochemical tests, and confirmation of identification isolates by molecular detection of blaOXA- 51gene, antibiotic resistance, phenotypic and molecular detection of efflux pumps adeF gene, and activity of ciprofloxacin andresveratrol on gene expression. The percentage positive growth of A. baumannii isolates from blood specimens among ICU patients was 12 %, and the highest resistance of 25 isolates against fourteen types of antibiotics was equal to cefotaxime (100 % ), ticarcillin-clavulanate, and ceftriaxone ( 96 %), and ( 92 % )for each of Cefepime and Tobramycin, the lowest percentage was for doxycycline (64 % ).MIC value for ciprofloxacin and doxycycline between (8- 512 mg/ml) and ( 4 - 128 mg/ml) respectively. Molecular studies indicate the presence of blaOXA- 51gene  and adeF  in all isolates under study ( 100 % ). The treatment of resistance isolates with ciprofloxacin, resveratrol and their combination resulted in reduction of adeF gene. The resveratrol effect on efflux pumps gene adeF gene expression occurred for the first time in Iraq and even at the level of the Arab world.

The Submerged Syntactical: Ibn Al-Nahwyah (Son Of Syntax)

This research aims to unveil one of Arab syntax milepost, in the 7th and 8th Hijri centuries, that milepost who is known as “the son of syntax”, who is not well known for sons of the Arabic language and for the researchers too. It was a painstaking search in order to know more about his life and his syntactical views; because the biographies which presented his life is few, and they don’t exceed 5, 1- ALDORAR ALKAMENAH for IBN HOJJA ALASQALANI, BUGHYAT ALWOAH FE TABAQAT ALUGHAWAYEIN W ALNOHAT for ALSYOOTY, MO’JAM ALALQAB W ALASMA’ ALMOSTA’ARAH FE ALTAREIKH AL-ESLAMI for Dr FUAD SALEH AL-SAYED, AND MO’JAM ALE’LAM, for ALZARKALI; because his teachers and students was not well known as same as Ibn Al-Nahwyah. These two reasons increased the difficulty of search, as a result I couldn’t catch the biographies codes, which indicates this embedded milepost, whom the history forget his luck of fame and identifying. Despite the lack of the scientific article which addresses this milepost, I was able to collect an acceptable article defines Ibn Al-Nahwyah and his stature. Keywords: Ibn Al-Nahwyah, Sharh Alkafiyah, ALDORAR ALKAMENA

Post-Revolutionary Urban Egypt: A New Mode of Practice?

Since the 25 January 2011 Revolution, Egypt has been witnessing increased mobilization especially when it comes to urban development. This has reflected on the relationship between ordinary citizens, and their neighbourhoods and cities. In parallel, many professional have become more engaged in this field – calling for the “Right to the City” and demanding more social justice in our urban development policies and practices.Can this be called a "new mode of practice"? Has the revolution been a decisive moment when urban development practices in Egypt shifted from their path? This article argues that this is not the case, and that the current mobilization is just another milestone on the path of a long movement calling for an alternative urban development practice since the 1940s. It is a movement that stands against a high-modernist top-down urban development paradigm that still prevails on the scene in Egypt.This article seeks to trace the path of this movement and how it evolved over three major transitions – each shaped by different factors. The article also traces how Takween Integrated Community Development – an urban development firm established in 2009 – has been building upon the legacy of this alternative movement among other professionals – all striving to change the way we approach urban development in Egypt. Finally, this article tries to identify some of the challenges that still face this alternative movement and how practitioners, community activists, and rights groups can work together to overcome these challenges.Depuis la révolution du 25 janvier 2011, l’Egypte a vu se manifester une mobilisation croissante, en particulier concernant les questions d’urbanisation. Cette mobilisation trouve des échos dans la relation qu’entretiennent les citoyens ordinaires à leurs quartiers et à leurs villes. Parallèlement, nombre de professionnels se sont engagés plus avant dans ce champ, et en appellent au ‘droit à la ville’, demandant que nos politiques et pratiques de l’urbanisme laissent plus de place à la justice sociale.Peut-on appeler cela une « nouvelle façon de faire » ? La révolution a-t-elle été ce moment décisif où les pratiques de l’urbanisme en Egypte ont pris une nouvelle direction ? Cet article veut montrer que ce n’est pas le cas, et que la mobilisation actuelle n’est qu’une nouvelle étape dans un mouvement qui a plaidé depuis les années 1940 pour une pratique alternative de l’urbanisme. Ce mouvement résiste au paradigme du développement urbain post-moderne et « par le haut » qui prévaut en Egypte.Cet article retrace le cheminement de ce mouvement, son évolution à travers trois transitions majeures, chacune sous l’influence d’acteurs différents. Le texte décrit aussi comment Takween Integrated Community Development – un bureau d’études créé en 2009 – s’est construit sur l’héritage de ce mouvement alternatif, réunissant des professionnels en lutte pour changer la manière d’envisager l’urbanisme en Egypte. Enfin, cet article tente d’identifier quelques-uns des défis qui attendent encore ce mouvement alternatif, et la manière dont les praticiens, les militants associatifs et les défenseurs des droits peuvent travailler ensemble à y répondre

Improvement and Mitigation of Kerr Effects on Multichannel ‎Communication Systems Using Efficient Optical Method

في هذا البحث، تم دراسة توليد طريقة التخفيف البصري لتعويض التشوهات في نقل الألياف البصرية لمسافات طويلة الناتجة عن التشتت اللوني وعدم خطية كير في الأنظمة متعددة القنوات. يتم استخدام طريقة هجينة جديدة تُعرف باسم اقتران الطور البصري (OPC) باستخدام الألياف غير الخطية مع مضخم رامان كجزء من عملية تحسين أداء أنظمة الاتصالات باستخدام إشارة أحادية النمط القياسي لوصلة الألياف أحادية الوضع بطول 800 كيلومتر. في هذا العمل، نقدم طريقتين يتم فيهما استخدام تضخيم رامان الخلفي بالتزامن مع اقتران الطور البصري لتحسين أداء ارتباط بصري يبلغ 1.728 تيرابايت / ثانية عبر ستة عشر قناة مع تباعد قناة قدره 50 جيجا هرتز. من خلال استخدام اقتران الطور البصري المتعدد، فأن أداء أنظمة نقل مضاعف تقسيم الطول الموجي الكثيف (DWDM) مع قنوات 16 × 108 جيجا بت في الثانية 8-QAM يمكن تحسينه بشكل كبير مقارنة بالأنظمة التي تحتوي إما على اقتران طور بصري واحد متوسط المدى أو بدون اقتران طور بصري. استراتيجية استخدام OPCs متعدد فعال عبر مجموعة متنوعة من وصلات الإرسال. تم تحسين العتبة غير الخطية (إشارة الطاقة المثالية) في نظام الإرسال المقترح بمقدار 4 ديسيبل عند استخدام OPCs متعدد، مقارنة بالحالة التي لا تحتوي على OPC، وبنسبة 2 ديسيبل عند استخدام OPC متوسط المدى. تظهر نتائج المحاكاة أنه بالمقارنة مع السيناريو دون استخدام نهج التعويض، تم تحسين عامل جودة الإشارة (Q)، وأداء معدل الخطأ في البت (BER)، والطول الإجمالي لوصلة النقل من خلال استخدام هذه الطريقة البصرية للتعويض غير الخطي.This paper studies the generation of an optical mitigation method for compensation of distortions in long distance fiber optic transmission caused by chromatic dispersion and the nonlinear Kerr effect in multi-channel systems. A hybrid new method known as Optical Phase Conjugation (OPC) based highly nonlinear fiber with Raman amplifier is used as part of the process of improving the performance of communication systems with an 800 km standard single mode fiber link Single Polarization Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (SP-QAM) signaling. This work presents two scenarios in which backward Raman amplification is employed in conjunction with OPC to improve the performance of an optical link of 1.728 Tb/s over sixteen channels with a channel spacing of 50 GHz. In this study, through the use of multiple OPC, the performance of dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) transmission systems with 16 ×108 Gbps 8-QAM channels can be significantly improved over that of systems with either a mid-span optical phase conjugation or no optical phase conjugation. The strategy of using multiple OPCs is effective over a variety of transmission links. The nonlinear threshold in the proposed transmission system was enhanced by 4 dB when employing multiple OPCs, compared to the case with no OPC, and by 2 dB when using a mid-span OPC. The simulation results show that compared to the scenario without employing the compensation approach, the Q-factor, Bit Error Rate (BER) performance, and total length of the transmission link are all improved by utilizing this optical method of nonlinearity compensation

Breed differences in growth parameters of broiler chickens

Broilers been essentially a meat type of chicken, coupled with its fast growth rate has been evaluated for factors that may affect its growth, which include but not limited to sex, breed and feeding. This study was carried out to evaluate breed differences in growth parameters of four different broiler breeds. The experimental units were derived from four commercial broiler breeds namely Arbor Acre®, Cobb®, Marshall® and Ross®. Each breed had 76 chicks totaling 304 across the four breeds. On arrival, each chick was tagged using a coloured leg tag, by breed and identification number, and the initial weight of the chicks were taken. Each of the breeds were thereafter randomly selected and assigned to four experimental plots as replicates of the same treatment, ensuring that each replicate had exact number of birds per breed. The broiler birds were reared for a period of 10 weeks and their weight taken and recorded at weekly intervals. All statistical analyses were conducted using boxplot, descriptive and general linear models of Minitab® 17. At the end of the experiment and after exploratory analysis to check for normality and outliers, a total of 217 birds were used in the final analyses. Except for the Marshall breed that had a highly significantly (P<0.01) lower initial weight, final weight, total weight gain and average daily gain, the other three breeds had fairly similar weight. However, there was no significant (P>0.05) difference in mean initial weight across the four replicates. While breed alone accounted for 37.81% of the total variation in initial weight, it only accounted for 30.31%, 30.07% and 30.07% respectively for final weight, total weight gain and average daily gain. The effect of breed on initial weight, total weight gain and average daily gain was only significant (P<0.01) in Marshall, while the other three breeds were not statistically different (P>0.05). It can be deduced from this study that performance in terms of growth parameters for most of the commercially available breeds studied are similar with the exception of Marshall breed which had significantly (P<0.05) lowest values

Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus levels on growth and grain yield of maize (Zea mays L.), Gezira State, Sudan

Maize (Zea mays L.)  is an annual, cross-pollinated warm weather crop. It is the world's third leading cereal crop after wheat and rice. Recently, maize gained more importance as a forage and food crop in the Sudan. The objective of this study was to determine the optimum level of nitrogen and phosphorus to maximize grain yield of maize. This study was conducted at the Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Gezira, during the summer of 2017 and winter season of 2017/18. A randomized complete block design with four replicates was used. Four nitrogen levels, namely, 0, 43, 86 and 129 kg N/ha and two phosphorus levels, 0 and 43 P2O5 kg/ha were used. Results showed that nitrogen significantly increased plant height, leaf area index, days to 80% tasseling, number of grains/ear and grain yield in both seasons. Nitrogen levels had a significant effect on days to 80% silking in the winter season only. Phosphorus had no significant effect on most of the parameters measured in this study. The interaction between nitrogen and phosphorus levels had a significant effect on plant height, days to 80% silking, number of grains/ear and 100 - grain weight in the winter season only. The results revealed that the interaction between N and P levels had a significant effect on grain yield in both seasons. The highest grain yield (3825 and 4401 kg/ha) was obtained by the application of 129 and 86 kg N/ha in the summer and winter seasons, respectively. To obtain high grain yield of maize, it is recommended to apply 129 and 86 kg N / ha in the summer and winter seasons, respectively, without phosphorus application.   الذرة الشامية محصول حولي، خلطي التلقيح ومن محاصيل الجو الدافئ. الذرة الشامية ثالث أهم محاصيل الحبوب في العالم بعد القمح والأرز. حديثاً اكتسب الذرة الشامية أهمية كبيرة كمحصول غذاء وعلف في السودان. تهدف هذه الدراسة لتحديد تأثير مستويات النتروجين والفسفور على نمو وإنتاجية حبوب الذرة الشامية. نفذت الدراسة في المزرعة التجريبية كلية العلوم الزراعية, جامعة الجزيرة، وادمدني، السودان خلال موسمي صيف 2017 وشتاء 2017/18. تم استخدام نظام القطاعات العشوائية الكاملة بأربع مكررات. اشتمل النتروجين على 4 معاملات (0, 43, 86, 129 كجم نتروجين/هكتار) والفسفور معاملتان (0, 43 كجم خامس أكسيد الفسفور/هكتار). أظهرت النتائج أن إضافة النتروجين أدت إلى زيادة معنوية في طول النبات ودليل مساحة الورقة وعدد الايام 80% زهرة مذكرة وعدد الحبوب في الكوز وانتاجية الحبوب في الموسمين. كما أن إضافة النتروجين كان لها تأثيراً معنوياً على عدد الايام 80% زهرة مؤنثة  خلال الموسم الشتوي فقط. لم يكن لإضافة الفسفور أي تأثير معنوي علي معظم المؤشرات التي تمت دراستها. التداخل بين مستويات النتروجين والفسفور كان لها  تأثيراً معنوياً على طول النبات وعدد الايام   80% زهرة مؤنثة وعدد الحبوب في الكوز ووزن 100 حبة في فصل الشتاء فقط. أظهرت النتائج أن التداخل بين مستويات النتروجين والفسفور كان له تأثيراً معنوياً على إنتاجية الحبوب خلال الموسمين، أعلى انتاجية (3825 و 4401 كجم/هكتار) تحققت عند إضافة 129 و 86 كجم/هكتار  في الصيف والشتاء على التوالي. لتحقيق إنتاجية عالية من حبوب الذرة الشامية توصى الدراسة بإضافة 129 و 86 كجم نتروجين/هكتار في موسمي الصيف والشتاء على التوالي بدون إضافة الفسفور. &nbsp

Perceptions of Medical students toward nosocomial infections at college of medicine-Babylon

Background: Health care Acquired Infections are a major cause of increasing morbidity and mortality around the world. Nosocomial infection contracted during medical treatment is a huge problem in hospitals. Up to 5,000 patients die every year from nosocomial infections. Up to 30% are preventable through simple infection control procedures. Infections increase costs, waiting lists, and harm-wide. The aims of this research are (1) to assess the knowledge, attitudes and behaviors   of medical students toward nosocomial infections. (2) to explore the source of information from which the medical students received their knowledge during college's study   about nosocomial infections Subject and Methods: it is a descriptive cross-sectional study, which carried on one hundred and six final year students using non random sampling technique, there is no inclusion or exclusion criteria. This study was done in Al- Hilla College of Medicine/ University of Babylon and conducted during the period from 1st of January to 30th of October 2013, by using questionnaire through direct interview. Statistical analysis: Minitab version 18 software was used for data entry and analysis. P value ? 0.05 considered as significant. Results: The study showed that the overall average of the medical students' knowledge about HCAIs was (68.34%), however, the knowledge regarding specific areas was low, particularly concerning the risk of transmission of infection to the hospital personnel was(41.5%) and for the stethoscope was (43.86%) as a potential source of infections. In general, their behaviors to reduce the risk of infections were (69.38%), whereas, (49.06%) of them wearing protective materials when contact with patient. Generally the attitudes of medical students were positive (68.68%). Females had better attitudes than males (48.87%), (19.81%) concerning the perceived risk of acquiring a HAIs. Advising information about some items of HCAIs was generally (50, 65%). About safety (IV) inserted devices (52.84%) and only (22.16 %) have acceptable advised about Stethoscope cleaning. Conclusions and recommendations: this study concluded that the students have adequate knowledge, positive attitudes and acceptable behaviors to reduce nosocomial infections; however, advising information about some items of HCAIs was generally acceptable. These findings emphasize the need of stressing on education about this sort of infections in the health care curricula. Key word: nosocomial infection, sixth year, perception