The surface and volume energy loss of Safranin O thin film prepared by spin coating method

Optical properties of safranin O doped polyvinyle pyrolidone (PVP) thin film prepared by spin coating method on glass substrate at room temperature was investigated .The analysis of the absorption data revealed existence of indirect transition in the optical band gap. The optical constants such as absorbance, transmission, reflection, refractive index, extinction coefficient, real and imaginary parts of dielectric constants, optical and electrical conductivity, dispersion energy Ed and oscillation energy E0 and the surface, volume energy loss function and electronic interband transition strength have been investigated at film thickness 10 mm over spectral of (300-800) nm. Keywords: Polymer, Energy gap, Optical constan

Analysis of Foodstuff Price Volatility in Ghana: Implications for Food Security

In recent years, price volatility is becoming increasingly relevant to producers and consumers in the saturated food markets amidst stiff completion and globalisation. The analysis of price volatility is necessary to develop bidding strategies or negotiation skills in order to maximize profit. The generalised autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) regression model is used to forecast foodstuff prices in Ghana over the period 1970 to 2006. The data used are monthly wholesale prices for maize, millet, and rice obtained from the Ghana Ministry of Food and Agriculture. The empirical results reveal that foodstuff prices exhibit high volatility with continual increasing prices over the study period. The results of the out-sample forecast reveal that maize, millet and rice prices would increase by 23%, 11% and 10% respectively in the next month. The study recommends the provision of adequate storage facilities, and farmers’ market centres in the districts to stabilize food prices. The increases in food prices have implications for food and nutrition situation of the poor in Ghana

Post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage after bipolar diathermy vs. cold dissection surgical techniques in Alahsa region, Saudi Arabia

Introduction: Tonsillectomy is a common surgical procedure done by  totolaryngologists. Tonsillectomy is a relatively simple procedure. The concept of implementing it as a day case operation has become increasingly popular.Material and Methods: This is a cross sectional study done in Alahsa city, eastern province, Saudi Arabia during the period from January 2014 to March 2015,This study reported the postoperative hemorrhage after Bipolar diathermy and Cold dissection surgical techniques to evaluate the incidence of the hemorrhage and to identify the possible risk factors associated with its occurrence.Results: Postoperative bleeding occurred in 45 (3.6%) out of 1232 patients. Post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage according to operation technique was significantly higher among patients who underwent bipolar diathermy than cold dissection technique (p< 0.05).Conclusion: Bleeding after operation by bipolar diathermy technique was occurring more frequently within the first five days. Hemoglobin level was significantly decreased in posttonsillectomy hemorrhage

A comparative study of the electrical characteristics of metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodiodes based on gan grown on silicon.

High quality Gan films are usually produced at high growth temperatures (> 1OOO°C) with the use of substrates such as sapphire (Ah03) or silicon carbide (SiC).Therefore, for a low production cost purpose, there has been a growing interest in producing lower growth temperatures Gan films as well as Gan based devices with low cost substrates such as silicon

A Comparative Study of the Role of Constant and Logistic Recruitment Rates in Epidemiological Models

In this paper, we present three mathematical models of epidemiology. In each of the models, we present a scenario where constant and logistic recruitment rate are incorporated in each case. It was observed in Case I that, the reproduction number of the model with logistic recruitment rate is less than the reproduction number from the model with constant recruitment rate. Further, in Case II, the reproduction number from the model with both constant and logistic recruitment rates are the same. Finally, in Case III, it was  observed that the human reproduction number from the model with logistic recruitment rate is higher than the human reproduction number from the model with constant recruitment rate.

Saving the fundaments: impact of a military coup on the Sudan health system

Military coups are not uncommon occurrences, particularly in developing nations where political systems might be less firmly entrenched or still evolving. Developments of this nature can often have profound implications for the affected nation’s healthcare systems, both in the immediate aftermath and over the longer term. This paper narrates some notable consequences of political instability on the national health system, particularly placing them in the context of the military coup in October 2021 – emphasizing the context behind the political turbulence, its acute and direct consequences, and the possible long-term legacies of political shocks on the already overwhelmed health system. As a descriptive piece, this narrative does not only look at the impact of the military coup on hospitals, but further considers the different dimensions of the healthcare system as defined by the WHO, therefore reflecting the wider implications on health funding from multi-laterals, service delivery, human resource availability, and medical and vaccine supply chains in Sudan

Saving the Fundaments: Impact of a Military Coup on the Sudan Health System

Military coups are not uncommon occurrences, particularly in developing nations where political systems might be less firmly entrenched or still evolving. Developments of this nature can often have profound implications for the affected nation’s healthcare systems, both in the immediate aftermath and over the longer term. This paper narrates some notable consequences of political instability on the national health system, particularly placing them in the context of the military coup in October 2021 – emphasizing the context behind the political turbulence, its acute and direct consequences, and the possible long-term legacies of political shocks on the already overwhelmed health system. As a descriptive piece, this narrative does not only look at the impact of the military coup on hospitals, but considers the implications for the healthcare system as defined by the WHO, with particular emphasis on the impact of the coup on health funding from multi-laterals, service delivery, human resource availability, and supply chains in Sudan

Detection and Identification of Helicobacter pullorum in Poultry Species in Upper Egypt

This work aimed to detect, identify and study the epidemiology of Helicobacter pullorum in avian species in Upper Egypt. A total of 1800 samples, including cloacal swabs, cecal swabs and livers were collected from chickens, turkeys and ducks in five different governorates in Upper Egypt. Using conventional phenotypic methods for isolation and identification, Helicobacter pullorum could be identified only from chickens with percentage 39.33% and no presence of the organism in turkeys and ducks. Sixteen randomly selected phenotypically identified Helicobacter pullorum isolates were confirmed using PCR assay based on 16S rRNA gene. In conclusion, conventional phenotypic methods for detection and differentiation of Helicobacter pullorum are often hampered by many limitations, while molecular methods, and PCR, in particular, have marked an important step forward in bacterial diagnostics and can provide a sensitive and rapid alternative method for detection and identification and highlights the potential of PCR technology in routine detection and identification of pathogens