Percepción de las jugadoras internacionales de baloncesto sobre su toma de decisiones

En las Ciencias del Deporte, existe gran interés por investigar los procesos cognitivos de deportistas. Por tanto, se pretende analizar la toma de decisiones en jugadoras de máximo nivel a través de la percepción que tienen sobre su formación y particularmente en las situaciones tácticas de ataque vinculadas a las acciones de 1x1 y 2x2. La muestra de la investigación está compuesta por 12 jugadoras seleccionadas para formar el equipo nacional

Desenvolvimento e estrutura pedagógica de tarefas de treinamento em basquete formativo

Introducción: Para el análisis del entrenamiento se atiende a multitud de variables que condicionan las tareas y el aprendizaje de los jugadores. Objetivos: Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar las variables pedagógicas y su relación con las diferentes situaciones de juego que se emplean en las tareas de entrenamiento en baloncesto. Métodos: Tras un análisis descriptivo de las tareas, se identificaron relaciones y asociaciones entre la Situación de juego (SJ) y la Fase de Juego, el Tipo de Contenido y el Medio de Entrenamiento. Resultados y discusión: Las tareas sin oposición se asociaron con tareas de ataque, gestos técnicos individuales y el uso de ejercicios como medio. Las situaciones reducidas en igualdad numérica con tareas de ataque, conductas tácticas grupales y juegos. Las situaciones reducidas en desigualdad numérica con tareas de defensa, conductas tácticas grupales y juegos. Por último, las situaciones más reales de juego (5x5) se asociaron con tareas mixtas, conductas tácticas colectivas y usaban el deporte como medio. Conclusiones: Mediante el control del entrenamiento se caracteriza la intervención del entrenador, así como la metodología subyacente en su intervención. Además, en el contexto del deporte escolar, es una herramienta que facilita el desarrollo de contenidos específicos según la etapa formativa.Introduction: Training analysis is attended to a multitude of variables that determine the tasks and learning of the players. Aim: The objective of this study is to analyze the pedagogical variables and their relation to the different game situations that are used in basketball training tasks. Methods: After a descriptive analysis of the tasks, relationships and associations were identified between the Game Situation (GS) and the Game Phase, the Content Type and the Training Medium. Results & discussion: Unopposed tasks were associated with attack tasks, individual technical gestures and the use of exercises as a means. Equality reduced game situations in numerical with attack tasks, group tactical behaviors and games. Inequality reduced game situations in with defense tasks, group tactical behaviors and games. Finally, the most real game situations (5x5) were associated with mixed tasks, collective tactical behaviors and used sport as a means. Conclusions: By the control of the training, the trainer’s intervention is characterized, as well as the underlying methodology in his intervention. In addition, in the context of school sports, it is a tool that facilitates the development of specific contents according to the formative stage.Introdução: Para a análise do treinamento são atendidas múltiplas variáveis que condicionam as tarefas e a aprendizagem dos jogadores. Objectivos: Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar as variáveis pedagógicas e sua relação com as diferentes situações de jogo que são utilizadas em tarefas de treinamento no basquete. Métodos: Após uma análise descritiva das tarefas, foram identificados as relações e associações entre a Situação do Jogo (SJ) e a Fase de Jogo, o Tipo de Conteúdo e o Meio de Treinamento. Resultados e discussão: Tarefas sem oposição se associaram com a tarefas de ataque, gestos técnicos individuais e o uso de exercícios como meio. As situações reduzidas em igualdade numérica com tarefas de ataque, condutas táticas em grupo e jogos. As situações reduzidas em desigualdade numérica com tarefas de defesa, condutas táticas em grupo e jogos. Finalmente, as situações mais reais de jogo (5x5) se associaram com tarefas mistas, condutas táticas coletivas e usavam o esporte como meio. Conclusões: Por meio do controle do treinamento, caracteriza-se a intervenção do treinador, bem como a metodologia subjacente em sua intervenção. Além disso, no contexto do esporte escolar, é uma ferramenta que facilita o desenvolvimento de conteúdos específicos de acordo com a etapa formativa

Effect of an RRRR dimension 5 operator on the proton decay in the minimal SU(5) SUGRA GUT model

We reanalyze the proton decay in the minimal SU(5) SUGRA GUT model. Unlike previous analyses, we take into account a Higgsino dressing diagram of dimension 5 operator with right-handed matter fields ($RRRR$ operator). It is shown that this diagram gives a dominant contribution for $p\to K^+\bar{\nu}_\tau$ over that from $LLLL$ operator, and decay rate of this mode can be comparable with that of $p\to K^+\bar{\nu}_\mu$ which is dominated by the $LLLL$ contribution. It is found that we cannot reduce both the decay rate of $p\to K^+\bar{\nu}_\tau$ and that of $p\to K^+\bar{\nu}_\mu$ simultaneously by adjusting relative phases between Yukawa couplings at colored Higgs interactions. Constraints on the colored Higgs mass $M_C$ and a typical squark and slepton mass $m_{\tilde{f}}$ from Super-Kamiokande limit become considerably stronger due to the Higgsino dressing diagram of the $RRRR$ operator: M_C > 6.5 \times 10^{16}\gev for m_{\tilde{f}} < 1 \tev, and m_{\tilde{f}} > 2.5 \tev for M_C < 2.5 \times 10^{16} \gev.Comment: 32 pages, 5 figures, an appendix added, a reference adde

Design and validation of an observational instrument to basketball referee evaluation (IOVAB)

El propósito de este estudio ha sido diseñar y validar un instrumento de observación para la valoración de un árbitro de baloncesto (IOVAB). En el proceso de validación y fiabilidad del instrumento participaron catorce jueces expertos. Los participantes debían cumplir cuatro de los seis criterios de inclusión establecidos. La validez de contenido se calculó mediante Aiken´s V y sus intervalos de confianza. Para analizar la fiabilidad se empleó el coeficiente α de Cronbach. El instrumento de observación se encuentra dividido en seis bloques: uniformidad, presencia y condición física, señalización y mecánica general de arbitraje, violaciones al reglamento, faltas personales, colaboración con el compañero y control de partido. Únicamente seis de los cincuenta ítems fueron eliminados por obtener valores de Aiken´s V suficientemente bajos. La fiabilidad del instrumento fue aceptable con un valor de .712. El IOVAB final se ha elaborado atendiendo a las valoraciones cualitativas y cuantitativas de los expertos.ABSTRACT: The aim of this research was to design and validation of an observation instrument for assessing the behavior of a basketball referee (IOVAB). In the process of validation and reliability of the instrument are involved fourteen experts judges. The subjects selected to be part of experts judges had to meet four to six of the established selection criteria. The construct validity was calculated through Aiken´s V and confidence intervals. To check the reliability of the instrument was used Cronbach´s α. The observation instrument is divided in six contents blocks: uniformity, presence and physical condition, sign and general mechanics refereeing, violations rules, fouls, cooperation with partner and match control. Only six of the fifty items of instrument obtained Aiken´s V low values enough to be removed. The reliability of the instrument was acceptable with a value of .712. The IOVAB design final was prepared attend the qualitative and quantitative assessments by experts

Comparative study about aerobic and anaerobic endurance for basketball players based on the training methodology

El Objetivo de este trabajo es identiicar las diferencias en la capacidad aeróbica y anaeróbica de jugadores en período de formación, que son entrenados con metodologías diferentes. Por ello, es necesario conocer como son las demandas isiológicas y cinemáticas de los entrenamientos. El diseño de esta investigación se puede enmarcar bajo una estrategia ma- nipulativa, dentro de los estudios de naturaleza empírica de tipo cuasiexpe- rimental donde se busca examinar las diferencias entre grupos, Diseño de Grupos No Equivalentes. La población del estudio son dos equipos de baloncesto que entrenan bajo diferentes metodologías pero que disponen del mismo tiempo de entrena- miento y material. En cuanto a los resultados que se obtienen, se encuentran diferencias en la prueba aeróbica y anaeróbica entre los equipos, siendo superior el equipo bajo enfoque comprensivo. En este caso, se puede airmar que entrenar bajo una metodología com- prensiva provoca mejores resultados tanto en Resistencia Aeróbica como en Anaeróbica.Abstract: he aim of this investigation is identifying the diferences bet- ween aerobic and anaerobic capacities in players. hey are training with diferent methodologies. herefore, it is necessary to know how are the phy- siological and cinematic request of the trainings. he design of this investigation can be classiied as a manipulative strate- gy. It is inside of studies about empirical nature of cuasiexperimental type, where you can examinate the diferences between groups: Design of not equal groups. he people group of the study are two basketball teams. hey train with diferents methodologies but they have the same time to practise and the same material too. Regarding the results, there are some diferences between aerobic and anae- robic events of the teams. In this way, it is superior the team with compre- hensive methodology. In this case, you can airm that training with a comprehensive methodolo- gy causes the best results as aerobic and anaerobic endurance

Analysis of the competitive demands in 7-a-side football players with cerebral palsy

Inertial devices allow for obtaining a large amount of information related to external load during official competitions. The study aimed to analyse fatigue in different functional classification players of a Football 7-a-side for people with cerebral palsy or acquired brain injury team, considering the movements, speed changes and impacts during the 2020 Spanish National League matches (n = 12). The analyzed independent variables were the different functional classifications (FC) of the players, FC1, FC2 and FC3, and also time. Regarding the dependent variables, kinematic objective external load (displacements and speed changes), and neuromuscular objective external load (impacts) were considered. This study is an empirical investigation that follows an associative and descriptive analysis, ANOVA test, and a Bonferroni post hoc test (multiple comparisons) were carried out between the external load variables based on FC and time. The results show differences between FC1 for people with greater functional limitation to FC3, and athletes with less functional limitation depending on the time of the match. FC2 players presented greater competitive demands in specific moments of the match than FC3 athletes because of the requirements of the competition. Furthermore, evaluating different FC players with inertial devices in official competitions provides useful information regarding the demands of Fa7PC players, which is fundamental for daily training tasks management and injury risk prevention in Fa7PC. The large number of variables associated with inertial devices data collection during training sessions and official competitions in Fa7PC allows us to understand the demands of CP players, as well as how to make decisions during the games and training process, namely for reducing the injury risk

Beyond the Last Glacial Maximum: Island endemism is best explained by long-lasting archipelago configurations

Aim: To quantify the influence of past archipelago configuration on present-day insular biodiversity patterns, and to compare the role of long-lasting archipelago configurations over the Pleistocene to configurations of short duration such as at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and the present-day. Location: 53 volcanic oceanic islands from 12 archipelagos worldwide—Azores, Canary Islands, Cook Islands, Galápagos, Gulf of Guinea, Hawaii, Madeira, Mascarenes, Pitcairn, Revillagigedo, Samoan Islands and Tristan da Cunha. Time period: The last 800 kyr, representing the nine most recent glacial–interglacial cycles. Major taxa studied: Land snails and angiosperms. Methods: Species richness data for land snails and angiosperms were compiled from existing literature and species checklists. We reconstructed archipelago configurations at the following sea levels: the present-day high interglacial sea level, the intermediate sea levels that are representative of the Pleistocene and the low sea levels of the LGM. We fitted two alternative linear mixed models for each archipelago configuration using the number of single-island endemic, multiple-island endemic and (non-endemic) native species as a response. Model performance was assessed based on the goodness-of-fit of the full model, the variance explained by archipelago configuration and model parsimony. Results: Single-island endemic richness in both taxonomic groups was best explained by intermediate palaeo-configuration (positively by area change, and negatively by palaeo-connectedness), whereas non-endemic native species richness was poorly explained by palaeo-configuration. Single-island endemic richness was better explained by intermediate archipelago configurations than by the archipelago configurations of the LGM or present-day. Main conclusions: Archipelago configurations at intermediate sea levels—which are representative of the Pleistocene—have left a stronger imprint on single-island endemic richness patterns on volcanic oceanic islands than extreme archipelago configurations that persisted for only a few thousand years (such as the LGM). In understanding ecological and evolutionary dynamics of insular biota it is essential to consider longer-lasting environmental conditions, rather than extreme situations alone. © 2018 John Wiley &amp; Sons Lt