O valor jurídico do afeto nas relações familiares e a responsabilidade civil por abandono afetivo inverso

No abstract.O presente trabalho de conclusão de curso tem por objetivo analisar o valor jurídico que o afeto possui nas relações familiares e a possibilidade de responsabilizar civilmente os filhos em relação aos pais diante da omissão no dever de cuidado quando da chegada da velhice, ou seja, pretende-se estudar o fenômeno do abandono afetivo inverso e as suas consequências no mundo jurídico. Para tanto, buscou-se observar como a constitucionalização do direito civil e a consagração da dignidade da pessoa humana à macroprincípio constitucional elevaram o afeto a causa inicial e final da família e como sua ausência é capaz de ensejar a responsabilização dos filhos. Ademais, mister se fez demonstrar a realidade sob a qual o idoso encontra-se inserido e a proteção normativa que é conferida pelo nosso ordenamento jurídico a esse grupo considerado tão vulnerável, a fim de enquadrar o abandono afetivo como ato ilícito ensejador de reparação. Nesse sentido, considerando a importância de compreender o instituto da responsabilidade civil, será analisado detalhadamente cada um de seus pressupostos, bem como a possibilidade de utilizá-los no campo do direito de família, abordando, dessa maneira, a doutrina e jurisprudência mais recente que versam acerca do tema com o escopo de, por fim, deixar claro a necessidade do dever de indenizar por danos morais o idoso que sofre com o abandono afetivo

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes/carbon black/rPLA for high-performance conductive additive manufacturing filament and the simultaneous detection of acetaminophen and phenylephrine

The combination of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and carbon black (CB) is presented to produce a high-performance electrically conductive recycled additive manufacturing filament. The filament and subsequent additively manufactured electrodes were characterised by TGA, XPS, Raman, and SEM and showed excellent low-temperature flexibility. The MWCNT/CB filament exhibited an improved electrochemical performance compared to an identical in-house produced bespoke filament using only CB. A heterogeneous electrochemical rate constant, of 1.71 (± 0.19) × 10−3 cm s−1 was obtained, showing an almost six times improvement over the commonly used commercial conductive CB/PLA. The filament was successfully tested for the simultaneous determination of acetaminophen and phenylephrine, producing linear ranges of 5–60 and 5–200 μM, sensitivities of 0.05 μA μM−1 and 0.14 μA μM−1, and limits of detection of 0.04 μM and 0.38 μM, respectively. A print-at-home device is presented where a removable lid comprised of rPLA can be placed onto a drinking vessel and the working, counter, and reference components made from our bespoke MWCNT/CB filament. The print-at-home device was successfully used to determine both compounds within real pharmaceutical products, with recoveries between 87 and 120% over a range of three real samples. This work paves the way for fabricating new highly conductive filaments using a combination of carbon materials with different morphologies and physicochemical properties and their application to produce additively manufactured electrodes with greatly improved electrochemical performance

LA IMPORTANCIA DE SER ÉTICO: DE LA TEORÍA A LA PRÁCTICA EN ENFERMERÍA

La ética es entendida como una ciencia que conduce a una reflexión crítica sobre el comportamiento humano,en que interpreta, problematiza e investiga los valores, principios y la conducta moral, en busca del bienestar social. Buscatener como principio fundamental el respeto al ser humano, lo cual debe ser considerado como un individuo autónomo yparticipativo. Este estudio tiene el objetivo de promover una reflexión sobre la importancia de actuar éticamente en laenfermería. Se trata de un estudio que aborda la reflexión del tema. En este sentido, comprendemos que la ética, porenfatizar los valores, los derechos y deberes, la forma como los sujetos se manejan en las relaciones, se constituye en unadimensión importante para la humanización de la atención.Ethics is comprehended as a science that leads to a critical reflection about human behavior, which interprets,discusses and investigates the moral values, principles and behavior in the pursuit of social welfare. It has as fundamentalprinciple the respect for the human being, who must be considered autonomous and participative. This study aims tofoster the reflection on the importance of ethics in nursing. The study is a reflection on this theme. In this aspect wecomprehend that by emphasizing values, rights and duties, and the way subjects deal with relationships, ethics is animportant step in assistance humanization.A ética é compreendida como uma ciência que está direcionada à reflexão crítica sobre o comportamentohumano, na qual interpreta, problematiza, investiga os valores, princípios e o comportamento moral, à procura do bemestarda vida em sociedade. Procura ter como princípio fundamental o respeito ao ser humano, o qual deve ser consideradocomo um indivíduo autônomo e participativo. Este estudo tem o objetivo de promover uma reflexão sobre a importância doagir ético na enfermagem. Trata-se de um estudo reflexivo da temática. Nesse sentido, compreende-se que a ética, porenfatizar os valores, os deveres e direitos, o modo como os sujeitos se conduzem nas relações, constitui-se numa dimensãoimportante para a humanização da assistência

Clinical manifestations and epidemiology of adolescent tuberculosis in Ukraine

BACKGROUND: During adolescence, childhood and adult forms of tuberculosis (TB) overlap, resulting in diverse disease manifestations. Knowing which patient characteristics are associated with which manifestations may facilitate diagnosis and enhance understanding of TB pathophysiology. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we included 10-19-year-olds in Ukraine\u27s national TB registry who started TB treatment between 2015 and 2018. Using multivariable regression, we estimated associations between patient characteristics and four presentations of TB: pleural, extrathoracic, cavitary and rifampicin-resistant (RR). We also described the epidemiology of adolescent TB in Ukraine. RESULTS: Among 2491 adolescent TB cases, 88.4% were microbiologically confirmed. RR-TB was confirmed in 16.9% of new and 29.7% of recurrent cases. Of 88 HIV-infected adolescents, 59.1% were not on antiretroviral therapy at TB diagnosis. Among 10-14-year-olds, boys had more pleural disease (adjusted OR (aOR) 2.12, 95% CI: 1.08-4.37). Extrathoracic TB was associated with age 15-19 years (aOR 0.26, 95% CI: 0.18-0.37) and HIV (aOR 3.25, 95% CI: 1.55-6.61 in 10-14-year-olds; aOR 8.18, 95% CI: 3.58-17.31 in 15-19-year-olds). Cavitary TB was more common in migrants (aOR 3.53, 95% CI: 1.66-7.61) and 15-19-year-olds (aOR 4.10, 95% CI: 3.00-5.73); among 15-19-year-olds, it was inversely associated with HIV (aOR 0.32, 95% CI: 0.13-0.70). RR-TB was associated with recurrent disease (aOR 1.87, 95% CI: 1.08-3.13), urban residence (aOR 1.27, 95% CI: 1.01-1.62) and cavitation (aOR 2.98, 95% CI: 2.35-3.78). CONCLUSIONS: Age, sex, HIV and social factors impact the presentation of adolescent TB. Preventive, diagnostic and treatment activities should take these factors into consideration

Mixed Graphite/Carbon Black Recycled PLA Conductive Additive Manufacturing Filament for the Electrochemical Detection of Oxalate

Mixing of graphite and carbon black (CB) alongside recycled poly(lactic acid) and castor oil to create an electrically conductive additive manufacturing filament without the use of solvents is reported herein. The additively manufactured electrodes (AMEs) were electrochemically benchmarked against a commercial conductive filament and a bespoke filament utilizing only CB. The graphite/CB produced a heterogeneous rate constant, k0, of 1.26 (±0.23) × 10-3 cm s-1 and resistance of only 155 ± 15 Ω, compared to 0.30 (±0.03) × 10-3 cm s-1 and 768 ± 96 Ω for the commercial AME. Including graphite within the filament reduced the cost of printing each AME from £0.09, with the CB-only filament, to £0.05. The additive manufacturing filament was successfully used to create an electroanalytical sensing platform for the detection of oxalate within a linear range of 10-500 μM, achieving a sensitivity of 0.0196 μA/μM, LOD of 5.7 μM and LOQ of 18.8 μM was obtained. Additionally, the cell was tested toward the detection of oxalate within a spiked synthetic urine sample, obtaining recoveries of 104%. This work highlights how, using mixed material composites, excellent electrochemical performance can be obtained at a reduced material cost, while also greatly improving the sustainability of the system

Additive manufacturing of a portable electrochemical sensor with a recycled conductive filament for the detection of atropine in spiked drink samples

Additive manufacturing (three-dimensional (3D) printing) has promising features for fast prototyping electrochemical systems, from cells to sensors. Conductive filaments containing carbon black and poly(lactic acid) (CB/PLA) for electrode fabrication are commercially available but usually rely on low carbon content, resulting in poor electrochemical properties. Filament fabrication can be done within the laboratory by exploring different materials according to the desired applications. In this work, recycled PLA was used as the thermoplastic base polymer, alongside CB as the conductive filler, and tris (2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate was introduced into the filament matrix as a plasticizer (CB/PLA/TTM) to fabricate additively manufactured electrodes (AMEs). This enhanced the electrochemical properties toward different redox probes and the forensic target atropine. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the filament and AMEs before and after activation. Additive manufacturing has also been used to develop different cell configurations, which is equally important for good electroanalytical performance. Flow analytical techniques, such as batch-injection analysis (BIA), can be used as an alternative to stationary measurements to enhancing sensitivity and detection limits (LOD) via increasing the mass transport of analytes to the electrochemical platform surface, providing automation and high sample throughput. In this context, we developed a compact (∼5 mL capacity) and versatile additively manufactured BIA cell that can either perform static or hydrodynamic analyses by simply placing a lid on the device with a hole for the BIA pipette tip. Moreover, knowing that forensic chemistry necessitates portable analytical tools to help police investigation at the crime scene, the AM-BIA cell and the bespoke AMEs were coupled to a portable electrochemical apparatus for on-site atropine analysis in adulterated beverage samples. Atropine determination was performed by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and amperometry (BIA-AMP) in the same cell, presenting good repeatability for both methods (6% RSD). As expected, the BIA-AMP method showed higher sensitivity (0.0783 μA μM–1) and lower LOD (0.51 μM) compared to the stationary DPV method (sensitivity: 0.0148 μA μmol–1 L; LOD: 2.60 μM); they both presented good recovery values, varying from 102 to 109% for two spiked samples of gin and whisky. Thus, the versatility and portability of the developed AM-BIA cell coupled with the bespoke filament CB/PLA/TTM allow for rapid and accurate screening and quantification of atropine in real forensic scenarios