Volcanism and faulting along the northern margin of Oregon’s High Lava Plains : Hampton Butte to Dry Mountain

Oregon’s High Lava Plains Province (HLP) has strongly bimodal basalt and rhyolitic volcanism. The Province caps the northern margin of the Basin and Range Province and serves as a transitional region between westward extension of the Basin and Range Province and unextended crust to the north . The High Lava Plains overlap an area dominated by abundant minor northwest-striking faults of the Brothers Fault Zone. About 10 million years ago, silicic volcanism began at the eastern end of the HLP and spread west, younging towards the Cascade arc. Basalts erupted along the HLP are not age progressive. Most work in the High Lava Plains and Blue Mountains has left the interface between the two provinces as a nondescript region with few data capable to provide insight into processes active within this transitional region. This thesis focuses on the transition near Hampton Butte. New 40Ar-30Ar ages for Hampton Butte and adjacent Cougar Butte definitively assign both to volcanism during the emplacement of the John Day Formation and indicates a common origin. These units underlie basalts and an andesite that have ages consistent with a pulse of basaltic volcanism along the High Lava Plains around 8 Ma. An ignimbrite with composition and age (3.8 ± 0.6 Ma) consistent with outcrops at Espeland Draw, near the town of Hampton, has a probable origin at Frederick Butte and is grouped here as the Hampton Tuff. Further east, along the northern margin of the HLP, an age of 4.18 (± 0.14 Ma) was obtained for the basaltic andesite scoria cone of Grassy Butte. At Dry Mountain a summit sample produced an age of 7.91 ± 0.12 Ma and is basaltic, a contradiction with previous reports. A sample of rhyolite from Potato Hills, adjacent to Hat Butte, yielded an age of 6.52 ±.07 Ma. Basaltic melts of this study appear to be near direct partial melts of the mantle and are part of the volcanism of the High Lava Plains related to fault propagation and extension. More evolved magmas of the High Lava Plains originate from isobaric fractionation in isolated small magma chambers with little if any assimilation. The eruption of these lavas may be a result of the timing between northeast to southwest extension and Basin and Range east to west extension. The older (> 20 Ma) high silica rocks of Hampton Buttes are the result of diverse fractional crystallization paths from a common basaltic source with little or no assimilation

Importance of the alternative NF-κB activation pathway in inflammation-associated gastrointestinal carcinogenesis

Chronic inflammation is a common factor in the development of many gastrointestinal malignancies. Examples include inflammatory bowel disease predisposing to colorectal cancer, Barrett's esophagus as a precursor of esophageal adenocarcinoma, and Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric cancer. The classical activation pathway of NF-κB signaling has been identified as regulating several sporadic and inflammation-associated gastrointestinal tract malignancies. Emerging evidence suggests that the alternative NF-κB signaling pathway also exerts a distinct influence on these processes. This review brings together current knowledge of the role of the alternative NF-κB signaling pathway in the gastrointestinal tract, with a particular emphasis on inflammation-associated cancer development. members of the nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) family were initially described as transcription factors in B lymphocytes in 1986 (68). Since then, they have been shown to be widely expressed and are conserved across both vertebrates and invertebrates (5, 27). The conventional model of NF-κB signaling proposes two main arms of the pathway. These share similar features but are triggered independently and activate different target genes (76). The classical (canonical) NF-κB activation pathway is triggered by Th1 cytokines and is typified by the action of reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (RelA) (p65)-NF-κB1(p50) heterodimers, whereas the alternative (noncanonical) activation pathway signals through the adaptor protein NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK). Activation of this mechanism leads to nuclear translocation of transcriptionally active v-rel avian reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog B (RelB)-NF-κB2(p52) heterodimers. Signaling through either pathway can influence multiple different cellular functions and can exert effects that may appear contradictory. For example, both pro- and anti-apoptotic effects, as well as proliferation (18) and senescence (70) signals, have been attributed to the classical activation pathway of NF-κB signaling. Because of the wide variation in outcomes following pathway activation, it is difficult to extrapolate the effects of NF-κB signaling from one context to another. Classical pathway NF-κB signaling has been identified as a key regulator of inflammation-associated carcinogenesis in several tissues since the early 2000s when Greten et al. demonstrated increased sensitivity to colitis-associated carcinogenesis in mice lacking IKK-β in intestinal epithelial cells (31), and, almost simultaneously Pikarsky et al. identified a similar increase in tumor burden in Mdr2 mice lacking IKK-β in hepatocytes (60). More recent evidence has established that alternative activation pathway NF-κB signaling is also important during the development of several gastrointestinal pathologies in mouse and humans. This article seeks to review this evidence and to establish questions for future research

Thesis Final Copy.pdf

Oregon’s High Lava Plains Province (HLP) has strongly bimodal basalt and rhyolitic volcanism. The Province caps the northern margin of the Basin and Range Province and serves as a transitional region between westward extension of the Basin and Range Province and unextended crust to the north . The High Lava Plains overlap an area dominated by abundant minor northwest-striking faults of the Brothers Fault Zone. About 10 million years ago, silicic volcanism began at the eastern end of the HLP and spread west, younging towards the Cascade arc. Basalts erupted along the HLP are not age progressive. Most work in the High Lava Plains and Blue Mountains has left the interface between the two provinces as a nondescript region with few data capable to provide insight into processes active within this transitional region. This thesis focuses on the transition near Hampton Butte. New 40Ar-30Ar ages for Hampton Butte and adjacent Cougar Butte definitively assign both to volcanism during the emplacement of the John Day Formation and indicates a common origin. These units underlie basalts and an andesite that have ages consistent with a pulse of basaltic volcanism along the High Lava Plains around 8 Ma. An ignimbrite with composition and age (3.8 ± 0.6 Ma) consistent with outcrops at Espeland Draw, near the town of Hampton, has a probable origin at Frederick Butte and is grouped here as the Hampton Tuff. Further east, along the northern margin of the HLP, an age of 4.18 (± 0.14 Ma) was obtained for the basaltic andesite scoria cone of Grassy Butte. At Dry Mountain a summit sample produced an age of 7.91 ± 0.12 Ma and is basaltic, a contradiction with previous reports. A sample of rhyolite from Potato Hills, adjacent to Hat Butte, yielded an age of 6.52 ±.07 Ma. Basaltic melts of this study appear to be near direct partial melts of the mantle and are part of the volcanism of the High Lava Plains related to fault propagation and extension. More evolved magmas of the High Lava Plains originate from isobaric fractionation in isolated small magma chambers with little if any assimilation. The eruption of these lavas may be a result of the timing between northeast to southwest extension and Basin and Range east to west extension. The older (> 20 Ma) high silica rocks of Hampton Buttes are the result of diverse fractional crystallization paths from a common basaltic source with little or no assimilation

HLP Map uneditable.pdf

Oregon’s High Lava Plains Province (HLP) has strongly bimodal basalt and rhyolitic volcanism. The Province caps the northern margin of the Basin and Range Province and serves as a transitional region between westward extension of the Basin and Range Province and unextended crust to the north . The High Lava Plains overlap an area dominated by abundant minor northwest-striking faults of the Brothers Fault Zone. About 10 million years ago, silicic volcanism began at the eastern end of the HLP and spread west, younging towards the Cascade arc. Basalts erupted along the HLP are not age progressive. Most work in the High Lava Plains and Blue Mountains has left the interface between the two provinces as a nondescript region with few data capable to provide insight into processes active within this transitional region. This thesis focuses on the transition near Hampton Butte. New 40Ar-30Ar ages for Hampton Butte and adjacent Cougar Butte definitively assign both to volcanism during the emplacement of the John Day Formation and indicates a common origin. These units underlie basalts and an andesite that have ages consistent with a pulse of basaltic volcanism along the High Lava Plains around 8 Ma. An ignimbrite with composition and age (3.8 ± 0.6 Ma) consistent with outcrops at Espeland Draw, near the town of Hampton, has a probable origin at Frederick Butte and is grouped here as the Hampton Tuff. Further east, along the northern margin of the HLP, an age of 4.18 (± 0.14 Ma) was obtained for the basaltic andesite scoria cone of Grassy Butte. At Dry Mountain a summit sample produced an age of 7.91 ± 0.12 Ma and is basaltic, a contradiction with previous reports. A sample of rhyolite from Potato Hills, adjacent to Hat Butte, yielded an age of 6.52 ±.07 Ma. Basaltic melts of this study appear to be near direct partial melts of the mantle and are part of the volcanism of the High Lava Plains related to fault propagation and extension. More evolved magmas of the High Lava Plains originate from isobaric fractionation in isolated small magma chambers with little if any assimilation. The eruption of these lavas may be a result of the timing between northeast to southwest extension and Basin and Range east to west extension. The older (> 20 Ma) high silica rocks of Hampton Buttes are the result of diverse fractional crystallization paths from a common basaltic source with little or no assimilation

Thesis map final uneditable.pdf

Oregon’s High Lava Plains Province (HLP) has strongly bimodal basalt and rhyolitic volcanism. The Province caps the northern margin of the Basin and Range Province and serves as a transitional region between westward extension of the Basin and Range Province and unextended crust to the north . The High Lava Plains overlap an area dominated by abundant minor northwest-striking faults of the Brothers Fault Zone. About 10 million years ago, silicic volcanism began at the eastern end of the HLP and spread west, younging towards the Cascade arc. Basalts erupted along the HLP are not age progressive. Most work in the High Lava Plains and Blue Mountains has left the interface between the two provinces as a nondescript region with few data capable to provide insight into processes active within this transitional region. This thesis focuses on the transition near Hampton Butte. New 40Ar-30Ar ages for Hampton Butte and adjacent Cougar Butte definitively assign both to volcanism during the emplacement of the John Day Formation and indicates a common origin. These units underlie basalts and an andesite that have ages consistent with a pulse of basaltic volcanism along the High Lava Plains around 8 Ma. An ignimbrite with composition and age (3.8 ± 0.6 Ma) consistent with outcrops at Espeland Draw, near the town of Hampton, has a probable origin at Frederick Butte and is grouped here as the Hampton Tuff. Further east, along the northern margin of the HLP, an age of 4.18 (± 0.14 Ma) was obtained for the basaltic andesite scoria cone of Grassy Butte. At Dry Mountain a summit sample produced an age of 7.91 ± 0.12 Ma and is basaltic, a contradiction with previous reports. A sample of rhyolite from Potato Hills, adjacent to Hat Butte, yielded an age of 6.52 ±.07 Ma. Basaltic melts of this study appear to be near direct partial melts of the mantle and are part of the volcanism of the High Lava Plains related to fault propagation and extension. More evolved magmas of the High Lava Plains originate from isobaric fractionation in isolated small magma chambers with little if any assimilation. The eruption of these lavas may be a result of the timing between northeast to southwest extension and Basin and Range east to west extension. The older (> 20 Ma) high silica rocks of Hampton Buttes are the result of diverse fractional crystallization paths from a common basaltic source with little or no assimilation

The intersection of genomics and big data with public health: Opportunities for precision public health.

Muin Khoury and co-authors discuss anticipated contributions of genomics and other forms of large-scale data in public health

Protein Kinase A-α Directly Phosphorylates FoxO1 in Vascular Endothelial Cells to Regulate Expression of Vascular Cellular Adhesion Molecule-1 mRNA*

FoxO1, a forkhead box O class transcription factor, is abundant in insulin-responsive tissues. Akt, downstream from phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in insulin signaling, phosphorylates FoxO1 at Thr24, Ser256, and Ser319, negatively regulating its function. We previously reported that dehydroepiandrosterone-stimulated phosphorylation of FoxO1 in endothelial cells requires cAMP-dependent protein kinase α (PKA-α). Therefore, we hypothesized that FoxO1 is a novel direct substrate for PKA-α. Using an immune complex kinase assay with [γ-32P]ATP, purified PKA-α directly phosphorylated wild-type FoxO1 but not FoxO1-AAA (mutant with alanine substitutions at known Akt phosphorylation sites). Phosphorylation of wild-type FoxO1 (but not FoxO1-AAA) was detectable using phospho-specific antibodies. Similar results were obtained using purified GST-FoxO1 protein as the substrate. Thus, FoxO1 is a direct substrate for PKA-α in vitro. In bovine aortic endothelial cells, interaction between endogenous PKA-α and endogenous FoxO1 was detected by co-immunoprecipitation. In human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC), pretreatment with H89 (PKA inhibitor) or siRNA knockdown of PKA-α decreased forskolin- or prostaglandin E2-stimulated phosphorylation of FoxO1. In HAEC transfected with a FoxO-promoter luciferase reporter, co-expression of the catalytic domain of PKA-α, catalytically inactive mutant PKA-α, or siRNA against PKA-α caused corresponding increases or decreases in transactivation of the FoxO promoter. Expression of vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 mRNA, up-regulated by FoxO1 in endothelial cells, was enhanced by siRNA knockdown of PKA-α or treatment of HAEC with the PKA inhibitor H89. Adhesion of monocytes to endothelial cells was enhanced by H89 treatment or overexpression of FoxO1-AAA, similar to effects of TNF-α treatment. We conclude that FoxO1 is a novel physiological substrate for PKA-α in vascular endothelial cells