44 research outputs found
Electric current and heat production by a neutral carrier : an effect of the axion
A general axion-electrodynamic formalism is presented on the phenomenological level when the environment is dielectric (permittivity and permeability assumed to be constants). Thereafter, a strong and uniform magnetic field is considered in the z direction, the field region having the form of a long material cylinder (which corresponds to the haloscope setup). If the axion amplitude depends on time only, the axions give rise to an oscillating electric current in the z direction. We estimate the magnitudes of the azimuthal magnetic fields and the accompanying Joule heating in the cylinder, taking the cylinder to have ordinary dissipative properties. We evaluate and calculate the electric current and the heat production separately, without using the effective approximation, both when there is a strong magnetic field and when there is a strong electric one, showing that with the magnetic field there is a heat production, while with the electric field there is not. The heat generation that we consider, is a nontrivial effect as it is generated by the electrically neutral axions, and has obvious consequences for axion thermodynamics. The heat production can moreover have an additional advantage, since the effect is accumulative and so grows with time. The boundary conditions (in a classical sense) are explained and the use of them in a quantum mechanical context is discussed. This point is nontrivial, accentuated in particular in connection with the Casimir effect. For comparison purposes, we present finally some results for heat dissipation taken from the theory of viscous cosmology.Peer reviewe
Meson mass and confinement force driven by dilaton
Meson spectra given as fluctuations of a D7 brane are studied under the
background driven by the dilaton. This leads to a dual gauge theory with quark
confinement due to the gauge condensate. We find that the effect of the gauge
condensate on the meson spectrum is essential in order to make a realistic
hadron spectrum in the non-supersymmetric case. In the supersymmetric case,
however, only the spectra of the scalars are affected, but they are changed in
an opposite way compared to the non-supersymmetric case.Comment: 11 pages, 2 figure
Casimir Surface Force on a Dilute Dielectric Ball
The Casimir surface force density F on a dielectric dilute spherical ball of
radius a, surrounded by a vacuum, is calculated at zero temperature. We treat
(n-1) (n being the refractive index) as a small parameter. The dispersive
properties of the material are taken into account by adopting a simple
dispersion relation, involving a sharp high frequency cutoff at omega =
omega_0. For a nondispersive medium there appears (after regularization) a
finite, physical, force F^{nondisp} which is repulsive. By means of a uniform
asymptotic expansion of the Riccati-Bessel functions we calculate F^{nondisp}
up to the fourth order in 1/nu. For a dispersive medium the main part of the
force F^{disp} is also repulsive. The dominant term in F^{disp} is proportional
to (n-1)^2{omega_0}^3/a, and will under usual physical conditions outweigh
F^{nondisp} by several orders of magnitude.Comment: 24 pages, latex, no figures, some additions to the Acknowledments
sectio
Finite Temperature Casimir Effect and Dispersion in the Presence of Compactified Extra Dimensions
Finite temperature Casimir theory of the Dirichlet scalar field is developed,
assuming that there is a conventional Casimir setup in physical space with two
infinitely large plates separated by a gap R and in addition an arbitrary
number q of extra compacified dimensions. As a generalization of earlier
theory, we assume in the first part of the paper that there is a scalar
'refractive index' N filling the whole of the physical space region. After
presenting general expressions for free energy and Casimir forces we focus on
the low temperature case, as this is of main physical interest both for force
measurements and also for issues related to entropy and the Nernst theorem.
Thereafter, in the second part we analyze dispersive properties, assuming for
simplicity q=1, by taking into account dispersion associated with the first
Matsubara frequency only. The medium-induced contribution to the free energy,
and pressure, is calculated at low temperatures.Comment: 25 pages, one figure. Minor changes in the discussion. Version to
appear in Physica Script
Epsilon-expansion in quantum field theory in curved spacetime
We discuss epsilon-expansion in curved spacetime for asymptotically free and
asymptotically non-free theories. The esistence of stable and unstable fixed
points is investigated for and SU(2) gauge theory. It is shown that
epsilon-expansion maybe compatible with asymptotic freedom on special solutions
of the RG equations in a special case (supersymmetric theory). Using
epsilon-expansion RG technique the effective Lagrangian for covariantly
constant gauge SU(2) field and effective potential for gauged NJL-model are
found in 4-epsilon- dimensional curved space (in linear curvature
approximation). The curvature- induced phase transitions from symmetric phase
to asymmetric phase (chromomagnetic vacuum and chiral symmetry broken phase,
respectively) are discussed for the above two models.Comment: Latex file, 22 pages, July 1997 preprin
Finite Temperature Casimir Effect in Randall-Sundrum Models
The finite temperature Casimir effect for a scalar field in the bulk region
of the two Randall-Sundrum models, RSI and RSII, is studied. We calculate the
Casimir energy and the Casimir force for two parallel plates with separation
on the visible brane in the RSI model. High-temperature and low-temperature
cases are covered. Attractiveness versus repulsiveness of the temperature
correction to the force is discussed in the typical special cases of
Dirichlet-Dirichlet, Neumann-Neumann, and Dirichlet-Neumann boundary conditions
at low temperature. The Abel-Plana summation formula is made use of, as this
turns out to be most convenient. Some comments are made on the related
contemporary literature.Comment: 33 pages latex, 2 figures. Some changes in the discussion. To appear
in New J. Phy
Crossing of the w=-1 Barrier in Two-Fluid Viscous Modified Gravity
Singularities in the dark energy late universe are discussed, under the
assumption that the Lagrangian contains the Einstein term R plus a modified
gravity term of the form R^\alpha, where \alpha is a constant. It is found,
similarly as in the case of pure Einstein gravity [I. Brevik and O. Gorbunova,
Gen. Rel. Grav. 37 (2005), 2039], that the fluid can pass from the quintessence
region (w>-1) into the phantom region (w<-1) as a consequence of a bulk
viscosity varying with time. It becomes necessary now, however, to allow for a
two-fluid model, since the viscosities for the two components vary differently
with time. No scalar fields are needed for the description of the passage
through the phantom barrier.Comment: 16 pages latex, no figure
Ultrathin Metallic Coatings Can Induce Quantum Levitation between Nanosurfaces
There is an attractive Casimir-Lifshitz force between two silica surfaces in
a liquid (bromobenze or toluene). We demonstrate that adding an ultrathin
(5-50{\AA}) metallic nanocoating to one of the surfaces results in repulsive
Casimir-Lifshitz forces above a critical separation. The onset of such quantum
levitation comes at decreasing separations as the film thickness decreases.
Remarkably the effect of retardation can turn attraction into repulsion. From
that we explain how an ultrathin metallic coating may prevent
nanoelectromechanical systems from crashing together.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure
Casimir Force on Real Materials - the Slab and Cavity Geometry
We analyse the potential of the geometry of a slab in a planar cavity for the
purpose of Casimir force experiments. The force and its dependence on
temperature, material properties and finite slab thickness are investigated
both analytically and numerically for slab and walls made of aluminium and
teflon FEP respectively. We conclude that such a setup is ideal for
measurements of the temperature dependence of the Casimir force. By numerical
calculation it is shown that temperature effects are dramatically larger for
dielectrics, suggesting that a dielectric such as teflon FEP whose properties
vary little within a moderate temperature range, should be considered for
experimental purposes. We finally discuss the subtle but fundamental matter of
the various Green's two-point function approaches present in the literature and
show how they are different formulations describing the same phenomenon.Comment: 24 pages, 11 figures; expanded discussion, one appendix added, 1 new
figure and 10 new references. To appear in J. Phys. A: Math. Theo
Retardation turns the van der Waals attraction into Casimir repulsion already at 3 nm
Casimir forces between surfaces immersed in bromobenzene have recently been
measured by Munday et al. Attractive Casimir forces were found between gold
surfaces. The forces were repulsive between gold and silica surfaces. We show
the repulsion is due to retardation effects. The van der Waals interaction is
attractive at all separations. The retardation driven repulsion sets in already
at around 3 nm. To our knowledge retardation effects have never been found at
such a small distance before. Retardation effects are usually associated with
large distances