Accomodation Management 1

Exam paper for second semeste

Elaboration de micro/nanopinces magnétiques pour applications biotechnologiques

The objective of this thesis was to elaborate magnetic micro/nano-tweezers remotely actuable by the application of a magnetic field. This innovative idea consists in binding two parallelepiped magnetic microparticles by one of their sides with a flexible gold nano-hinge. Intended for biotechnological and medical applications, these tweezers aim at capturing biochemically targeted micro/nano-objects, in order to exert forces on them and perform force measurements. In this project starting from a simple idea, the challenge was to carry out theoretical and technological studies leading to a first proof of concept. To this end, an analytical model was first elaborated to predict the magneto-elastic behavior of the tweezers, depending on various physical parameters. Then, a fabrication process inspired from microelectronic techniques was developed to complete a functional prototype of tweezers. Finally, the remote actuation of such tweezers, kept attached to a substrate, by the application of a magnetic field, was demonstrated using an original experiment set up inside a scanning electron microscope. These experiments yielded results in good agreement with our theoretical predictions and allowed the quantification of the gold nano-hinge elastic behavior. Attached to a substrate, these tweezers constitute an array of reflective micro-surfaces, which can find applications in microfluidics (biochips) or in nano-physics. Released in solution, the tweezers could be used in an original way for biological objects micro-manipulation or cell diagnostic and theCette thèse propose de réaliser des micro/nano-pinces magnétiques articulées dont l'actionnement à distance est obtenu par l'application d'un champ magnétique. Cette idée innovante consiste à relier par l'un de leurs côtés deux microparticules magnétiques parallélépipédiques à l'aide d'une nano-charnière en or flexible. Destinées à des applications biotechnologiques et médicales, ces pinces ont pour finalité de capturer des micro/nano-objets ciblés biochimiquement pour y appliquer et mesurer des forces. Le défi de ce projet était de mener, à partir d'une idée simple, un ensemble d'études à la fois théoriques et technologiques, pour aboutir à une première preuve de concept. Dans ce but, un modèle analytique a d'abord été construit pour prédire le comportement magnéto-mécanique des pinces en fonction de divers paramètres physiques. Ensuite, un procédé de fabrication inspiré des techniques de la microélectronique a été développé pour parvenir à la réalisation d'un prototype de pince fonctionnel. Enfin, l'ouverture par l'action d'un champ magnétique de pinces fixées à un substrat, a pu être démontrée à l'aide d'une expérience originale installée dans un microscope électronique à balayage. Les résultats de ces expériences, en bon accord avec nos prédictions théoriques, ont permis de quantifier le comportement mécanique de la nano-charnière en or. Fixées à un substrat, ces pinces forment un réseau de micro-surfaces réfléchissantes qui trouveront des applications en microfluidique (bio-puces) ou en nano-physique. Libérées en solution, les pinces pourraient être employées de manière originale en micro-manipulation d'objets biologiques ou diagnostic et thérapie cellulaire

Elaboration de micro/nanopinces magnétiques pour applications biotechnologiques

The objective of this thesis was to elaborate magnetic micro/nano-tweezers remotely actuable by the application of a magnetic field. This innovative idea consists in binding two parallelepiped magnetic microparticles by one of their sides with a flexible gold nano-hinge. Intended for biotechnological and medical applications, these tweezers aim at capturing biochemically targeted micro/nano-objects, in order to exert forces on them and perform force measurements. In this project starting from a simple idea, the challenge was to carry out theoretical and technological studies leading to a first proof of concept. To this end, an analytical model was first elaborated to predict the magneto-elastic behavior of the tweezers, depending on various physical parameters. Then, a fabrication process inspired from microelectronic techniques was developed to complete a functional prototype of tweezers. Finally, the remote actuation of such tweezers, kept attached to a substrate, by the application of a magnetic field, was demonstrated using an original experiment set up inside a scanning electron microscope. These experiments yielded results in good agreement with our theoretical predictions and allowed the quantification of the gold nano-hinge elastic behavior. Attached to a substrate, these tweezers constitute an array of reflective micro-surfaces, which can find applications in microfluidics (biochips) or in nano-physics. Released in solution, the tweezers could be used in an original way for biological objects micro-manipulation or cell diagnostic and theCette thèse propose de réaliser des micro/nano-pinces magnétiques articulées dont l'actionnement à distance est obtenu par l'application d'un champ magnétique. Cette idée innovante consiste à relier par l'un de leurs côtés deux microparticules magnétiques parallélépipédiques à l'aide d'une nano-charnière en or flexible. Destinées à des applications biotechnologiques et médicales, ces pinces ont pour finalité de capturer des micro/nano-objets ciblés biochimiquement pour y appliquer et mesurer des forces. Le défi de ce projet était de mener, à partir d'une idée simple, un ensemble d'études à la fois théoriques et technologiques, pour aboutir à une première preuve de concept. Dans ce but, un modèle analytique a d'abord été construit pour prédire le comportement magnéto-mécanique des pinces en fonction de divers paramètres physiques. Ensuite, un procédé de fabrication inspiré des techniques de la microélectronique a été développé pour parvenir à la réalisation d'un prototype de pince fonctionnel. Enfin, l'ouverture par l'action d'un champ magnétique de pinces fixées à un substrat, a pu être démontrée à l'aide d'une expérience originale installée dans un microscope électronique à balayage. Les résultats de ces expériences, en bon accord avec nos prédictions théoriques, ont permis de quantifier le comportement mécanique de la nano-charnière en or. Fixées à un substrat, ces pinces forment un réseau de micro-surfaces réfléchissantes qui trouveront des applications en microfluidique (bio-puces) ou en nano-physique. Libérées en solution, les pinces pourraient être employées de manière originale en micro-manipulation d'objets biologiques ou diagnostic et thérapie cellulaire

Climate Change and Environmental Health in Undergraduate Health Degrees in Latin America

OBJECTIVE: Analyze the incorporation of climate change and environmental health courses in the curriculum grids of Medicine, Nursing, Nutrition and Clinical Psychology undergraduate courses in Latin American universities. METHODS: Descriptive and cross-sectional document review. Curriculum grids of the top ten Latin American universities were analyzed according to the rankings of QS Latin American University 2020, Times Higher Education World University 2020 and Academic Ranking of World Universities 2019. The presence of courses related to climate change and environmental health was sought in each curriculum grid. RESULTS: 104 of the 161 universities included in the study offered Medicine courses, 93 Nursing courses, 77 Nutrition courses and 118 Clinical Psychology courses. Most of the curriculum grids incorporated courses in public health and/or epidemiology (more than 70%); however, between 22% and 41% included courses on environmental health, and only one curriculum grid had a course on climate change in Medicine and Nursing (1%). CONCLUSIONS: Courses on climate change and environmental health have been scarcely introduced in the curriculum grids of the health field in Latin American universities. This could weaken the important role that health professionals play in providing health care to the population

The Influence of System User Ethics in Increasing the Effectiveness of Accounting Information Systems

System User Ethics is the most important part in increasing the effectiveness of accounting information systems. Where ethics as a moral agent in making choices to guide his behavior, and when the system is applied ethics is an important part in increasing the effectiveness of accounting information systems. The purpose of this study was to determine how much influence the ethics of system users have on the effectiveness of accounting information systems. The research method uses descriptive verification, data collection techniques use questionnaires, and the data is tested for validity and reliability. The population is Islamic banking employees, with a sample of 59 Islamic Commercial Bank employees who are directly related to the research. The test tool used is simple linear regression. The results showed that the ethics of system users had a significant effect on the effectiveness of the Islamic banking accounting information system. Keywords: Ethics user system, the effectiveness of the accounting information system, Islamic banking DOI: 10.7176/RJFA/12-20-03 Publication date:October 31st 202

What are the barriers, facilitators and interventions targeting help-seeking behaviours for common mental health problems in adolescents? A systematic review

BACKGROUND: Increasing rates of mental health problems among adolescents are of concern. Teens who are most in need of mental health attention are reluctant to seek help. A better understanding of the help-seeking in this population is needed to overcome this gap. METHODS: Five databases were searched to identify the principal barriers, facilitators and interventions targeting help-seeking for common mental health problems in adolescents aged 10-19 years. The search was performed in June 2018 and updated in April 2019. Two independent screening processes were made using the eligibility criteria. Quality assessment of each study was performed, and findings summarised using a narrative synthesis. RESULTS: Ninety studies meet the inclusion criteria for this review for barrier and facilitators (n = 54) and interventions (n = 36). Stigma and negative beliefs towards mental health services and professionals were the most cited barriers. Facilitators included previous positive experience with health services and mental health literacy. Most interventions were based on psychoeducation, which focused on general mental health knowledge, suicide and self-harm, stigma and depression. Other types of interventions included the use of multimedia and online tools, peer training and outreach initiatives. Overall, the quality of studies was low to medium and there was no general agreement regarding help-seeking definition and measurements. CONCLUSION: Most of the interventions took place in an educational setting however, it is important to consider adolescents outside the educational system. Encouraging help-seeking should come with the increased availability of mental health support for all adolescents in need, but this is still a major challenge for Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services. There is also a need to develop shared definitions, theoretical frameworks and higher methodological standards in research regarding help-seeking behaviours in adolescents. This will allow more consistency and generalisability of findings, improving the development of help-seeking interventions and ensuring timely access to mental health treatments