コウコウセイ ノ スポーツ カツドウ ト リジリエンス ノ カンレン ニツイテ

本研究は，高校生のスポーツ活動経験が，リジリエンスにどのように影響するのかを明らかにすることを目的として，スポーツ成長感認知尺度，リジリエンスを測定する精神的回復力尺度の２つの尺度を用いた質問紙調査を行った。調査対象者は，高校生３９７名（運動部所属２３０人，文化部所属２７人，無所属１４０人）であった。分析の結果，運動部活動をしている高校生は，スポーツ成長感認知やリジリエンスが高い（仮説１），スポーツ成長感とリジリエンスの関連は，学年，経験年数に関連する（仮説２），スポーツ活動の活躍度合い強さとスポーツ成長感やリジリエンスと関連している（仮説３）ということが明らかとなった。Some people who face problems survive and grow as a result of their hard experiences, but others are defeated by difficulties and are unable to find a way to overcome their problems. The concept of resilience plays a key role in such persons’ ability to overcome challenges and live normal lives. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between sport activities and resilience. We used three scales: the “Resilience Scale” (Oshio et al, 2002), “Self-growth Scale” (Kasai et al., 2010) and “Cognition of School Club Activities Scale” (Takada, 1985). Participants were 397 high school students. Results showed four trends (1) students who take part in school club activities have high self-growth, cognition and resilience, (2) students who take part in sports club activities in the 12th grade have the highest self-growth, cognition and resilience, (3) there is only a small difference between regular players and non-regular players in teams of the benefits of participation in sports clubs, and (4) players who belong to national-level teams have higher selfgrowth, cognition and resilience than other players

A comparison of dried shiitake mushroom in log cultivation and mycelial cultivation from different geographical origins using stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis

We determined carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions (δ13C and δ15N) of dried shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes) samples from Japan, China, South Korea and Brazil in order to discriminate their geographical origins. In log cultivation, the δ13C values of Japanese dried shiitake samples were lower than those of Chinese samples, depending on the δ13C values of log and their growth conditions. In mycelial cultivation, the δ13C and δ15N values of Japanese dried shiitake samples were higher than those of Chinese samples. By using the δ13C and δ15N values, 87.4 ％ of Japanese dried shiitake samples (n＝95) and 87.9 ％ of Chinese dried shiitake samples (n＝66) in log cultivation, 90.0 ％ of the Japanese dried shiitake samples (n＝50) and 93.9 ％ of Chinese dried shiitake samples (n＝114) in mycelial cultivation, were correctly classified according to the production site. These results suggested that the δ13C and δ15N values will be potentially useful for tracing their geographical origin of dried shiitake samples. © 2015 The Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry

Variants associated with Gaucher disease in multiple system atrophy

International audienceObjective : Glucocerebrosidase gene (GBA) variants that cause Gaucher disease are associated with Parkinson disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). To investigate the role of GBA variants in multiple system atrophy (MSA), we analyzed GBA variants in a large case–control series.Methods : We sequenced coding regions and flanking splice sites of GBA in 969 MSA patients (574 Japanese, 223 European, and 172 North American) and 1509 control subjects (900 Japanese, 315 European, and 294 North American). We focused solely on Gaucher-disease-causing GBA variants.Results : In the Japanese series, we found nine carriers among the MSA patients (1.65%) and eight carriers among the control subjects (0.89%). In the European series, we found three carriers among the MSA patients (1.35%) and two carriers among the control subjects (0.63%). In the North American series, we found five carriers among the MSA patients (2.91%) and one carrier among the control subjects (0.34%). Subjecting each series to a Mantel–Haenszel analysis yielded a pooled odds ratio (OR) of 2.44 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14–5.21) and a P-value of 0.029 without evidence of significant heterogeneity. Logistic regression analysis yielded similar results, with an adjusted OR of 2.43 (95% CI 1.15–5.37) and a P-value of 0.022. Subtype analysis showed that Gaucher-disease-causing GBA variants are significantly associated with MSA cerebellar subtype (MSA-C) patients (P = 7.3 × 10−3).Interpretation : The findings indicate that, as in PD and DLB, Gaucher-disease-causing GBA variants are associated with MSA

Mutations in COQ2 in familial and sporadic multiple-system atrophy the multiple-system atrophy research collaboration

Background: Multiple-system atrophy is an intractable neurodegenerative disease characterized by autonomic failure in addition to various combinations of parkinsonism, cerebellar ataxia, and pyramidal dysfunction. Although multiple-system atrophy is widely considered to be a nongenetic disorder, we previously identified multiplex families with this disease, which indicates the involvement of genetic components. Methods: In combination with linkage analysis, we performed whole-genome sequencing of a sample obtained from a member of a multiplex family in whom multiple-system atrophy had been diagnosed on autopsy. We also performed mutational analysis of samples from members of five other multiplex families and from a Japanese series (363 patients and two sets of controls, one of 520 persons and one of 2383 persons), a European series (223 patients and 315 controls), and a North American series (172 patients and 294 controls). On the basis of these analyses, we used a yeast complementation assay and measured enzyme activity of parahydroxybenzoate-polyprenyl transferase. This enzyme is encoded by the gene COQ2 and is essential for the biosynthesis of coenzyme Q10. Levels of coenzyme Q10 in lymphoblastoid cells and brain tissue were measured on high-performance liquid chromatography. Results: We identified a homozygous mutation (M78V-V343A/M78V-V343A) and compound heterozygous mutations (R337X/V343A) in COQ2 in two multiplex families. Furthermore, we found that a common variant (V343A) and multiple rare variants in COQ2, all of which are functionally impaired, are associated with sporadic multiple-system atrophy. The V343A variant was exclusively observed in the Japanese population. Conclusions: Functionally impaired variants of COQ2 were associated with an increased risk of multiple-system atrophy in multiplex families and patients with sporadic disease, providing evidence of a role of impaired COQ2 activities in the pathogenesis of this disease.12 page(s