Isozyme Analysis on Different Varieties of Sugarcane

Isozymic and protein diversity among five sugarcane varieties viz., Co 6304, Co 85019, Co 8371, Co 89003 and Co 91010 were studied to understand the varietal interrelationship and to identify the biochemical marker for the disease resistance and stress tolerance. The standard technique of vertical gel electrophoresis PAGE was employed for size separation of isozymes. The gel was stained with different staining solutions for different isozyme systems viz. peroxidase, esterase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and proteins. Rf values of the banding profiles, similarity index and variation between the varieties were analysed. Among the four enzyme systems, peroxidase profile reveals the difference between the disease resistant / susceptible and abiotic stress tolerant / non tolerant varieties. The two isoperoxidase bands with Rf values 0.62 and 0.66 showed their presence in disease resistant and abiotic tolerant varieties. The presence of two marker bands (0.62, 0.66) of resistant and stress tolerant varieties suggest that the variety Co 6304 may also be resistant to smut, wilt and moderately resistant to red rot and tolerant to drought

Preliminary Phytochemical and Anti-Bacterial Studies on \u3cem\u3ePassiflora edulis\u3c/em\u3e

Preliminary phytochemical and antibacterial activity of the leaf and callus of Passiflora edulis Sims, were examined using extracts of benzene, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, chloroform and petroleum ether. Of these, chloroform extract of the leaf and callus showed the maximum solubility and antimicrobial activity with the MIC ranging from 100 to 250 µl. Extracts of benzene, petroleum ether and isopropanol were ineffective in inhibiting the selected bacteria. In addition, this phytochemical study confirmed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins and triterpenes from ethanol and chloroform extracted sources

PVT Property Measurements for Ethyl Propionate, Ethyl Butyrate, and Ethyl Pentanoate Esters from (298 to 393) K and up to 35 MPa

The results of PVT measurements of the liquid phase within the temperature range (298 to 393) K and up to 35 MPa are presented for some aliphatic esters. Measurements were made by means of a vibrating tube densimeter, model DMA 512P from Anton Parr. The calibration of the densimeter was performed with water and n-heptane as reference fluids. The experimental PVT data have been correlated by a Tait equation. This equation gives good results when used to predict the density of the esters using the method proposed by Thomson et al. Isothermal compressibilities, isobaric expansivities, thermal pressure coefficients, and changes in the isobaric heat capacity have been calculated from the Tait equation

Chemo-protective effect of aqueous extract of the resurrection plant Selaginella involvens (Sw.) Spring on UV-tolerance during spore germination of Pteris argyraea T. Moore

The present study was aimed to know the effect of aqueous extracts of the resurrection plant, Selaginella involvens (Sw.) Spring on spore germination in Pteris argyraea T. Moore and also to know the ameliorating effect of the extracts on UV-Stress during spore germination of Pteris argyraea T. Moore. Based on the present study it is concluded that the extract of Selaginella involvens, shows growth promoting effect by enhancing the spore germination in Pteris argyraea. Both UV and aqueous extracts of Selaginella involvens enhances germination, but the UV stress results in both physical and morphogenetic abnormalities. It is to be noted that in the extract treated spores, the physical abnormalities are in less frequency when compared to the extract- untreated spores

Pharmacognostical Studies on Three Asplenium Species

The present study was aimed to study the pharmacongonstical characters viz., morphological and physico-chemical characteristics of three rare medicinally important spleenworts viz. Asplenium affine Swartz, Asplenium decrescens Kunze and Asplenium zenkeranum Kunze. The present study revealed the presence of alkaloids, triterpenes, and flavonoids in Asplenium species. Based on the Thin Layer chromatogram, interspecific relationship was assessed. A. affine and A. decrescens showed 42% of similarity coefficient and A. zenkeranum was varied from A. affine and A. decrescens with 36% variance

Evaluation of antioxidant potential of ethanolic extracts of selected species of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Selaginella</i>

238-244The purpose of the present study was to investigate the amount of total phenolics, flavonoids, tannins and in vitro antioxidant properties of ethanolic extracts of different Selaginella species, viz. Selaginella involvens (Sw.) Spring., Selaginella intermedia (Bl.) Spring., Selaginella inaequalifolia (Hook. & Grev.) Spring. and Selaginella tenera (Hook. & Grev.) Spring. The antioxidant activities were evaluated by measuring the ability of the extracts to scavenge the DPPH+, ABTS+, FRAP, metal chelating and phosphomolybdenum assays. The maximum extractable total phenolics were recorded in S. involvens (128.41 mg GAE/g), tannins and flavonoids were present in S. intermedia (67.46 and 184.44 mg GAE/g, respectively). Among the four different ethanolic extracts of Selaginella species, the maximum DPPH+ free radical scavenging activity was exerted by S. involvens (IC50 71.84 µg/mL). Highest activity of ABTS+ assay was observed in S. involvens (2281.48 µmol TE/g) and S. tenera registered the higher Fe2+ chelation (1352.77 µmol Fe (II)/mg). Maximum metal chelating activity was exhibited by S. inaequalifolia (4.56 mg EDTA equiv/g) and the strongest phosphomolybdenum reduction was observed in the ethanolic extracts of S. tenera (26.1 g AA/100 g). The results of the study clearly suggest that Selaginella species are a natural source of antioxidants and it validates the folkloric usage

Preliminary phytochemical and antimicrobial studies on a spike-moss Selaginella inaequalifolia (hook. & grev.) Spring

AbstractObjectiveTo screen the anti-cancer spike-mosses for the presence of various bioactivities and to identify the important bioactive chemicals present in Selaginella inaequalifolia (S. inaequalifolia) (Hook. & Grev.) Spring.MethodsPreliminary phytochemical screening was done by following the method of Brindha et al. Antimicrobial study was carried out by disc diffusion method.ResultsResults of preliminary phytochemical screening on five different extracts (petroleum ether, benzene, chloroform, ethanol and distilled water) of the spike-moss S. inaequalifolia show the presence steroids, triterpenes, phenolic group, tannin, sugars and catechin. Alkaloids, amino acids, anthraquinone and reducing sugar did not show any positive result. Among the five different extracts, ethanol and chloroform extracts show the presence of maximum number (4 each) of compounds. The results on antimicrobial studies show that all the three microbes [Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Candida albicans (C. albicans)] tested are resistant to the ethanol extract and susceptible to petroleum ether extract. The petroleum ether extract shows maximum inhibition with 45 mm of inhibition zone in C. albicans. The inhibition zone in S. aureus and E. coli are 26 mm and 22 mm respectively.ConclusionsThe present study shows S. inaequalifolia having potent antibacterial and anticandidal activities

Designing of a new ultrasound interface technology to synthesize some industrially important nano particles

Ultrasound is a precise active processing technique in the generation and application of nanomaterials. A number of methodologies are in practice to generate the metallic nanoparticles such as chemical synthesis, solvothermal process and electrochemical, but most of these strategies suffer from utilization of high energy, harmful chemicals and trouble in purification. To switchover these technical hitches ultrasonic methods have been established newly. As the market for nanomaterials grows, the request for ultrasonic processes at production level increases. The need to design an automated ultrasonic generator also grows. Understanding the characteristics and structure of materials is of importance in proper modelling and effective design of many products. Complex materials such as polymers, structured material systems, or biological materials provide a particular challenge to many of the traditional synthesizing methods. In the present work, we designed an automatic ultrasonic generator to synthesize metal nanoparticles by using a novel ultrasonic interface technique. The formation of nanoparticles by this method is rapid and requires no use of toxic chemicals. The nanoparticles formed by this method are more stable and lasting for several months. The characteristics of the obtained nanoparticles will be studied using UV–Visible Spectroscopy, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction analysis (XRD), Energy-Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDX) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM)