Temperature dependant generationcycle for the cicindelid beetle Pentacomia egregia CHAUD. (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Cicindelinae) of the Amazon valley

Experiments with the cicindelid beetle Pentacomia egregia, living in the floodplain forests of the Amazon river, indicate the temperature to induce the habitat change of the beetles and reproductive cycle of the females

Ecological studies of the aquatic soil invertebrates in three inundation forests of Central Amazonia

From January 1971 till August 1972 ecological studies were carried out on the aquatic macroinvertebrates of the benthos community of three Central-Amazonian inundation forests. The three investigated forests were chosen according to the influence of different water types. These forests were: 1. a site with an inflow of whitewater on Ilha de Curarí, 2. a site in a mixed water area at Lago Janauarí, and 3. a site in a black water area at Rio Tarumã Mirím. The annual water level fluctuations caused similar ecological conditions concerning seasonal changes, whereas the differences between the forests depended on the inflow of the different water types. The benthos composition differs according to the inundation forest type. Stenecious species, occurring only in one of the three forests, as well as euryecious species, inhabiting the three forests, were found. In addition many species were obtained which live either in white and mixed water or in mixed and black water. The soil invertebrates adapted to the annual water level fluctuations. The most common adaptation may be seasonal dispersal, being developed as a migration or a translocation. Migrations could be detected for Campsurus notatus and Eupera simoni in white respectively mixed water. In black waters numerous species show a translocation, caused by the oxygen deficit of the deep water. A diapause stage can be assumed for Eupera simoni. This dormant stage enables the bivalve to persist in the forest during the dry period. Brasilocaenís irmleri assumingly transports its eggs by the current in optimal habitats, where it develops rapidly in 14-21 days. A dependence on the forest habitat was detected for some species of the mixed and black water. Other species of the inundation area, particularly of the white water area, are not dependent on the forest habitat. In addition to seasonal changes in the benthos composition, a vertical stratification was found. The inundation forest can be subdivided in a river or lake near part, a central part, and a terra firme near part. The intestinal content studies on the soil invertebrates and the oxygen conditions in the three inundation forests indicate the probable different breakdown of the litter in the forest of the várzea on the one hand and the igapó on the other hand. Secondary productions could be estimated for the white water area with 10-15 g/m2 and year and for the mixed water area with 90-110 g/m2 and year. In the inundation forest of the mixed water, having the highest production of the three forests, environmental factors like oxygen concentration, sedimentation etc. and trophic factors offer favourable conditions for the inhabitation of the benthos

Population-ecology and migration of Dero multibranchiata STIEREN, 1892 (Naididae, Oligochaeta) in the Central Amazon inundation forest

The influences of different substances on the population dynamics of the naidid Dero multibranchiata of the Central Amazonian inundated forests have been investigated. The most important factors are the kind of diet and the oxygen concentration. The speed of migration of the naidid species has been determined, which depends on the attractivity of leaf powder

Population-dynamic and physiological adaptation of Pentacomia egregia CHAUD. (Col., Cicindelidae) to the Amazonian inundation forest

The Cicindelidae Pentacomia egregia CHAUD. shows an interesting population-dynamic and physiological adaptation to life in the inundation forest. The larval development lies in the dry season, whereas the imago live on trees in the high water season. The beetle orients itself skototactically on the water when at a height of 16° above the water surface a black area is offered to it and reacts positively phototactically on dry land

The structure of the carabid- and staphylinid-community in Central Amazonian inundation forests

In drei verschiedenen zentralamazonischen Überschwemmungswäldern (Várzeawälder im Weißwasser- und Mischwassergebiet und Igapó im Schwarzwassergebiet) wurde in einem "transect" die epigäische Carabiden- und Staphylinidenfauna untersucht. Als Sammelmethodik wurden sowohl Formalinfallen aufgestellt, als auch die direkte Untersuchung in einem Quadratrahmen (33 x 33 cm) durchgeführt. Insgesamt wurden 127 Carabiden- und 192 Staphylinidenarten erbeutet. Keine der Arten war in allen drei Überschwemmungswäldern dominant und nur ein geringer Prozentsatz der Arten war in allen drei Überschwemmungswäldern vertreten. Die meisten untersuchten Arten zeigten ein deutliches Maximum im zeitlichen und vertikalen Auftreten. Stabile Lebensgemeinschaften scheinen zu Anfang der emersen Phase noch nicht zu bestehen. Sie werden erst im Laufe der emersen Phase aufgebaut und gliedern sich in eine Gemeinschaft der oberen und eine der unteren Bereiche. Beide Gemeinschaften werden mit der erneuten Überschwemmung anscheinend katastrophenähnlich zerstört. Die Artdiversität zeigt im Gegensatz zur Individuendichte keinen charakteristischen jahresperiodischen Verlauf. Dagegen ist eine deutliche vertikale Gliederung der Artdiversität in den beiden Várzeawäldern zu erkennen. Hohe Diversitätswerte erscheinen in den oberen und unteren Bereichen der Várzeawälder, was auf den Oecotoncharakter dieser Gebiete zurückgeführt wird. Die Artdiversität und die "species eveness" scheint von den Várzeawäldern zum Igapó geringfügig anzusteigen (statistisch nur in einem Fall nachweisbar). Dieser Diversitätsgradient wurde mit der unterschiedlichen Stabilität und dem Stoffhaushalt der drei Überschwemmungswälder erklärt

New Neotropical species of the genera Clavilispinus, Aneucamptus, Thoracophorus, and Holotrochus (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae, Osoriinae)

The collections of Snow Entomological Museum, Natural History Museum of the University of Kansas (SEM), Lawrence (Kansas, U.S.A.) and of the Canadian National Collections of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes (CNC), Ottawa (Ontario, Canada) were examined for Neotropical species of the genera Clavilispinus, Aneucamptus, Thoracophorus, and Holotrochus. Eleven new species have been detected: Clavilispinus mariannae, Aneucamptus geroi, Thoracophotus susannae, T. rugosus, T. rufotestaceus, T. columbinus, T. tricolor, T. inpai, T. araucoensis, Holotrochus siolii and Holotrochus danoffburgi

Production, energy, and nutrient turnover of the cockroach Epilampra irmleri Rocha e Silva & Aguiar in a Central-Amazonian inundation forest

The cockroach Epilampra irmleri Rocha e Silva & Aguiar occuring in an Amazonian inundation forest was studied according to production, energy, and nutrient turnover. Production measurements of larvae were made for the field population from September till December 1976, whereas the adult population was investigated in cultures. P/B quotient amounts to 4,55. Epilampra irmleri was found on the forest ground directly after the inundation. Imaginal ecdysis occurs in December - January. Females carry the single ootheca with 40 - 45 eggs till young larvae are developed in the ootheca. Feeding tests were executed with two leaf species and natural leaf litter. Natural leaf litter is mostly fed. Soft leaves are prefered to hard leaves. The energy budget can only be compensated if natural leaf litter is fed. The following ecological efficiencies could be found for the larval population according to both feeding and respiration tests: A/C = 23, P/C = 9, R/C = 13, P/A = 41, and R/A = 56. Qxygen consumption of the larvae ranges from 500-700 ?l 0² * h-1 * g-1 at 25°C. The chemical analysis of food and faeces shows an increase of mineral concentrations in the faeces. The mineral budget is negativ if only leaves are fed. It is supposed that the mineral demand of the cockroach is compensated by substrat feeding and saprophagy on carcass. According to a leaf fall of 300 g * m² * yr-1 and a leaf consumption of 16,8 g * m-2 * yr-1 by the cockroach 5,6% of the yearly leaf fall is fed by the Epilampra population

Performance studies of the Belle II Silicon Vertex Detector with data taken at the DESY test beam in April 2016

Belle II is a multipurpose detector currently under construction which will be operated at the next generation B-factory SuberKEKB in Japan. Its main devices for the vertex reconstruction are the Silicon Vertex Detector (SVD) and the Pixel Detector (PXD). In April 2016 a sector of the Belle II SVD and PXD have been tested in a beam of high energetic electrons at the test beam facility at DESY Hamburg (Germany). We report here the results for the hit efficiency estimation and the measurement of the resolution for the Belle II silicon vertex etector. We find that the hit efficiencies are on average above 99.5% and that the measured resolution is within the expectations

Performance studies of the Belle II Silicon Vertex Detector with data taken at the DESY test beam in April 2016

Belle II is a multipurpose detector currently under construction which will be operated at the next generation B-factory SuberKEKB in Japan. Its main devices for the vertex reconstruction are the Silicon Vertex Detector (SVD) and the Pixel Detector (PXD). In April 2016 a sector of the Belle II SVD and PXD have been tested in a beam of high energetic electrons at the test beam facility at DESY Hamburg (Germany). We report here the results for the hit efficiency estimation and the measurement of the resolution for the Belle II silicon vertex etector. We find that the hit efficiencies are on average above 99.5% and that the measured resolution is within the expectations

RD50-MPW: a series of monolithic High Voltage CMOS pixel chips with high granularity and towards high radiation tolerance

Abstract A series of monolithic High Voltage CMOS (HV-CMOS) pixel sensor prototypes have been developed by the CERN-RD50 CMOS working group for potential use in future high luminosity experiments. The aim is to further improve the performance of HV-CMOS sensors, especially in terms of pixel granularity, timing resolution and radiation tolerance. The evaluation of one of this series, RD50-MPW3, is presented in this contribution, including laboratory and test beam measurements. The design of the latest prototype, RD50-MPW4, which resolves issues found in RD50-MPW3 and implements further improvements, is described. </jats:p