PENGGUNAAN SISTEM STRUKTUR RANGKA ATAP TIPE PELENGKUNG 3 SENDI

So far, the system of the roof structure of residential and office buildings is dominated by conventional frame types. The use of a 3-joint arch structure system is only familiar to warehouse buildings and the like. The purpose of this study is to identify the feasibility of using type 3 joint arches on the roof of a residential building. The research scenario is focused on calculations using SNI 7973-2013, namely Design Specifications for Wooden Construction and Specific Static Structural Analysis Methods for 3 Joint Arch Structures based on the length of the truss span model, which is 9 m. The calculation result indicates that 1). The 3-joint curve type is worth using as it proves stable and safe 2). The distance between the truss of the roof truss affects the dimensions of the truss. The implication is that the construction of the roof of a residential house can use a 3-joint arch structure system while the basic material for modeling uses Code E20 wood material with Quality B, depending on the length of the span and the slope of the roof

Image informatics strategies for deciphering neuronal network connectivity

Brain function relies on an intricate network of highly dynamic neuronal connections that rewires dramatically under the impulse of various external cues and pathological conditions. Among the neuronal structures that show morphologi- cal plasticity are neurites, synapses, dendritic spines and even nuclei. This structural remodelling is directly connected with functional changes such as intercellular com- munication and the associated calcium-bursting behaviour. In vitro cultured neu- ronal networks are valuable models for studying these morpho-functional changes. Owing to the automation and standardisation of both image acquisition and image analysis, it has become possible to extract statistically relevant readout from such networks. Here, we focus on the current state-of-the-art in image informatics that enables quantitative microscopic interrogation of neuronal networks. We describe the major correlates of neuronal connectivity and present workflows for analysing them. Finally, we provide an outlook on the challenges that remain to be addressed, and discuss how imaging algorithms can be extended beyond in vitro imaging studies

Fauna used in popular medicine in Northeast Brazil

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Animal-based remedies constitute an integral part of Brazilian Traditional Medicine. Due to its long history, zootherapy has in fact become an integral part of folk medicine both in rural and urban areas of the country. In this paper we summarize current knowledge on zootherapeutic practices in Northeast of Brazil, based on information compiled from ethnobiological scientific literature.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>In order to examine the diversity of animals used in traditional medicine in Northeast of Brazil, all available references or reports of folk remedies based on animals sources were examined. 34 sources were analyzed. Only taxa that could be identified to species level were included in assessment of medicinal animal species. Scientific names provided in publications were updated.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The review revealed that at least 250 animal species (178 vertebrates and 72 invertebrates) are used for medicinal purposes in Northeast of Brazil. The inventoried species comprise 10 taxonomic categories and belong to 141 Families. The groups with the greatest number of species were fishes (n = 58), mammals (n = 47) and reptiles (n = 37). The zootherapeutical products are used for the treatment of different illnesses. The most widely treated condition were asthma, rheumatism and sore throat, conditions, which had a wide variety of animals to treat them with. Many animals were used for the treatment of multiple ailments. Beyond the use for treating human diseases, zootherapeutical resources are also used in ethnoveterinary medicine</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The number of medicinal species catalogued was quite expressive and demonstrate the importance of zootherapy as alternative therapeutic in Northeast of Brazil. Although widely diffused throughout Brazil, zootherapeutic practices remain virtually unstudied. There is an urgent need to examine the ecological, cultural, social, and public health implications associated with fauna usage, including a full inventory of the animal species used for medicinal purposes and the socio-cultural context associated with their consumption.</p

Are ant assemblages of Brazilian veredas characterised by location or habitat type?

Wetland areas in the Brazilian Cerrado, known as “veredas”, represent ecosystems formed on sandy soils with high concentrations of peat, and are responsible for the recharge of aquiferous reservoirs. They are currently under threat by various human activities, most notably the clearing of vegetation for Eucalyptus plantations. Despite their ecological importance and high conservation value, little is known about the actual effects of human disturbance on the animal community. To assess how habitat within different veredas, and plantations surrounding them affect ant assemblages, we selected four independent vereda locations, two being impacted by Eucalyptus monoculture (one younger and one mature plantation) and two controls, where the wetland was surrounded by cerrado vegetation. Ant sampling was conducted in May 2010 (dry season) using three complementary methods, namely baits, pitfall traps, and hand collection, in the wetland and in the surrounding habitats. A total of 7,575 ants were sampled, belonging to seven subfamilies, 32 genera and 124 species.Ant species richness and abundance did not differ between vereda locations, but did between the habitats. When impacted by the monoculture, ant species richness and abundance decreased in wetlands, but were less affected in the cerrado habitat. Ant species composition differed between the three habitats and between vereda locations. Eucalyptus plantations had an ant species composition defined by high dominance of Pheidole sp. and Solenopsis invicta, while natural habitats were defined by Camponotus and Crematogaster species. Atta sexdens was strictly confined to native habitats of non-impacted “veredas”. Eucalyptus monocultures require high quantities of water in the early stages, which may have caused a decrease in groundwater level in the wetland, allowing hypogeic ants such as Labidus praedator to colonise this habitat

Morphologic characterization of sweet potato accesses from the germplasm bank of the Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Brazil

O trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar morfologicamente os acessos de batata-doce do banco de germoplasma da Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM). O experimento foi realizado no Setor de Olericultura da UFVJM, per?odo de fevereiro a novembro de 2006, utilizando-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados (DBC), contendo 65 tratamentos e 3 repeti??es, totalizando 195 parcelas de 4,5 m? cada. As avalia??es da parte vegetativa foram feitas tr?s meses ap?s o plantio e a colheita de ra?zes foi realizada nove meses ap?s o plantio das ramas. Observou-se pelo dendrograma de dissimilaridade morfol?gica, que os acessos da cole??o do banco de germoplasma da UFVJM apresentaram ampla variabilidade morfol?gica. Os descritores referentes ? parte a?rea se mostraram significativos com diferen?a entre clones, pelo teste Scott-Knott (p=0,05), diferentemente daqueles referentes ? raiz.Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG)Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecu?ria de Minas Gerais (EPAMIG)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq)Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES)Sweet potato accesses from the germplasm bank of the Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais state, Brazil were characterized. The experiment was carried out between February and November 2006, using a randomized blocks design, with 65 treatments and three replications, totaling 195 plots. The evaluation of the vegetative part was carried out three months after planting and the roots were harvested nine months after planting. Based on the dendrogram of morphologic differences we observed a great morphologic variability on the accesses. The characteristics of the vegetative part showed significant differences among the clones, by Scott Knot test at 5% probability, differently from those of the roots