REPCO contribution to the development of products for apple scab control

Natural compounds were sprayed according the RimPro scab warning system from start of bud break until the mid of June. Scab incidence was measured on the leaves and the fruit. Phytotoxicitiy and russet-ing was assessed. The natural compounds were sprayed together with sulphur and were compared with the standard biological fungicides copper hy-droxide and sulphur alone. Compound E73 + sulphur was the most effective on fruit. Armicarb and Resis-tim both sprayed with sulphur were comparable in efficacy with Funguran-OH. In our study laminarin (GL 32) did not shown any effect on the control of scab on apple

Effect of Catalyst in Volume Percent Yield Biodiesel From Stearin by Transesterification Process

Use of fuel oil is increasingly high, but the problem is not in line with the production of fuel oil which is increasingly lower, so to anticipate and meet the fuel needs of the growing diesel engine, it requires a search and research on alternative fuels. To slow and reduce dependence on petroleum fuels is one of them is the use of biodiesel fuel. Biodiesel is a fuel alternative to petroleum. The use of biodiesel can be blended with petroleum diesel (diesel). Biodiesel is generally easy to use, is biodegradable, nontoxic, and free of sulfur and aromatics. Making biodiesel at this research as a form of anticipatory problem. Research on effects of the volume of catalyst in the manufacture of biodiesel by transesterification process that has been done to produce optimum conditions just as the use of stearin as much as 500 ml, catalyst volume of 25 ml and 175 ml using transesterification temperature between 60-65°C for one hour so that the obtained yield 65.42%, density 0.875 g/ml, pH 6.95, water content 0.014%, flash point 179oC, Calorific Value of 6318 cal/g and cetane number of 64.5. This shows that the more volume of catalyst and methanol is added to the product yield will be higher but the temperature and time used must match the type of solvent and catalyst when the transesterification

What works and in what ways? The contributions of mentoring towards diversity, progression and achievement

In this paper I use three case studies to illustrate how peer mentoring has been developed and organised at the University and, in turn, how these specific examples of practice have contributed to diversity, progression and achievement. However, I also use these case studies to raise questions about the impact of developments in peer mentoring on the learning of the mentors and mentees, and of the organisation, and the implications of learning through mentoring for the development of policy on widening participation. I want to suggest that whist these specific examples have ‘worked’ in their contributions towards diversity, progression and achievement – the intended policy outcomes- there is another no less interesting dimension of ‘ what works’ and that is the role of the mentors and mentees as policy actors. In the final section of the paper I will reflect on this and the extent to which the learners engaged in mentoring – whether as mentors or mentees – are policy actors helping to shape policy rather than the passive objects of that policy

Enhancement of degradation of fallen apple leaves

Leaves from organic apple trees were dipped with different organic materials and leaves were placed on the orchard floor in autumn. Leaf area and the amount of ascospores of Venturia inaequalis were measured in spring. The objective of this research was to find alternatives for urea that simulate the decomposition of apple leaves and reduces the asco-spore production. In both years urea gave an increase of the leaf degradation and a significant reduction of the number of ascospores. The antagonist Coniothyrium minitans had no significant effect on the ascospore production in both years but decreased the leaf degradation. Beet pulp showed a significant reduction of the number of spores but reduced the leaf degradation rate. Applying extra earthworms increased the degradation

Changes in the nuclear distribution of DNA polymerase alpha and PCNA/cyclin during the progress of the cell cycle, in a cell-free extract of Xenopus eggs

The nuclear distribution of DNA polymerase alpha and PCNA/cyclin in embryonic nuclei has been investigated, in a cell-free extract of Xenopus eggs that recapitulates a basic cell-cycle in vitro, by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy. Both antigens co-distribute with the chromatin in Sphase nuclei; however, as DNA replication is completed and nuclei progress into a G2 state anti-PCNA fluorescence disappears and anti-DNA polymerase alpha fluorescence becomes resolved into bright spots. These spots are initially associated with the chromatin strands and can be seen to share both anti-PCNA and anti-DNA polymerase alpha fluorescence, but as anti-PCNA fluorescence fades the spots become dissociated from the chromatin and are redistributed throughout the nucleus until they are dispersed during nuclear envelope breakdown. The loss of anti-PCNA fluorescence and displacement of anti-DNA polymerase alpha fluorescence from the chromatin can be prevented by inhibiting DNA synthesis 'with aphidicolin. Under these conditions both antigens remain associated 'with the chromatin even after nuclear envelope breakdown and lamin dispersal. The association of these antigens with mitotic figures appears to be functional, as both biotin-11-dUTP and pPJdCTP can be incorporated efficiently into DNA during the mitotic period

Nitrogen balances in Dutch organic greenhouse production

The organic greenhouse production in the Netherlands is limited with regard to the number of growers, but plays an important role in EU organic greenhouse production. In the high-technology greenhouses a high production level is realized but nitrogen balances of this production system have been questioned. In order to document and improve the nitrogen balance, the production of seven greenhouses was monitored and soils were repeatedly analysed. The model “Bemestingsrichtlijn biologische kasteelten” (Fertilization Guide Organic Greenhouse Production) has been developed to simulate nitrogen availability and to fine-tune manure applications to crop demand. In the course of four years the overall nitrogen surpluses decreased sharply, but due to the observational character of the research no statistical analyses can be made. Part of the high surpluses in the first years can be explained by initial investments in soil organic matter. Calculation of the dynamic balance gives more possibilities to fine-tune farmers’ fertilization strategies. Growers that followed the model-based advise for manure application, realized a substantial reduction of nitrogen surpluses

UJI KARAKTERISTIK TURBIN ANGIN SAVONIUS 4 TINGKAT BERSEKAT DAN SUDUT GESER 45o DENGAN PEMBANDING TURBIN STANDAR

Krisis energi dan lingkungan akhir-akhir ini menjadi isu global. Pembakaran BBM dan batubara menghasilkan pencemaran lingkungan dan CO2 yang mengakibatkan pemanasan global. Pemanasan global dapat ditandai dengan perubahan iklim, kekeringan, banjir, dll. Pemanfaatan sumber energi terbarukan menjadi solusi di masa datang untuk pemenuhan kebutuhan energi yang ramah lingkungan. Salah satu sumber energi terbarukan yang sangat berpotensi di negara kita adalah pemanfaatan energi angin pantai. Karakteristik angin pantai di Indonesia adalah kencang maka sangat memungkinkan untuk membuat pembangkit listrik tenaga angin yang cocok untuk kondisi ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui torsi, power, dan efisiensi turbin angin Savonius multi blade dan membandingkannya dengan turbin Savonius standart. Tinggi kedua model ini sama, yaitu sebesar 70 cm. Turbin 4 tingkat dengan sela 0,25 d, panjang L/4 dan sudut geser 45o. Ditentukan d 30 cm, D 52,5 cm, H 70 cm, dan sela 7,5 cm. Turbin Savonius standart dengan satu pasang bucket dengan sela 0,25 d, panjang L. Pengujian dilakukan di Pantai Parangrucuk. Dari hasil pengujian, turbin ini mampu berputar pada kecepatan rendah, yaitu pada kecepatan rata-rata aliran 3,04 m/s di Pantai Parangrucuk. Torsi turbin Savonius 4 tingkat lebih rendah dibandingkan turbin Savonius standar yaitu 0,124 Nm untuk turbin standar dan 0,025 turbin 4 tingkat. Turbin Savonius standar memiliki efisiensi yang lebih tinggi yaitu 14,3% dibandingkan dengan turbin Savonius 4 tingkat 2,6%. Kata kunci : Sumber energi terbarukan, Energi angin pantai, Torsi, Power, Efisiensi Turbin, Savonius multi blade, Savonius standart