Effects of a bioactive olive pomace extract from Olea europaea on growth performance, gut function, and intestinal microbiota in broiler chickens

The present study aims to investigate the effects of supplementing broiler diets with a bioactive olive pomace extract (OE) from Olea europaea on growth performance, digestibility, gut microbiota, bile acid composition, and immune response. To this end, three hundred and six 1-day-old broiler chickens (Ross 308) were housed in floor pens (6 pens/treatment, with 17 birds/pen). Animals were fed with a standard non-medicated starter diet for 21 D, and from 22 to 42 D of age with their respective experimental diet: a negative control with no additives (Control), a positive control with 100 ppm of monensin (Monensin) and the basal diet supplemented with 750 ppm of an OE (Lucta S.A., Spain). Feed intake and growth rate were monitored weekly throughout the trial. From 21 to 42 D of age, no significant differences in feed intake were observed among dietary treatments; however, lower average daily gain and higher feed conversion ratio (P < 0.05) was observed in birds fed the Control compared to Monensin and OE groups. Performance of birds fed OE or Monensin was similar throughout the trial. The apparent ileal digestibility of crude protein was higher in birds fed Monensin than Control treatment (P < 0.05). No significant changes on bacterial composition at a family level were observed in the caeca of birds fed the experimental diets. Moreover, no significant differences on plasma and intestinal bile acid composition were observed among treatments. Birds fed the OE showed a significant decrease of IL-8 expression in the ileum (P < 0.05). Additionally, the expression of TGF-β4, and Bu-1 was significantly upregulated (P < 0.01) in broilers fed the OE and Monensin diets compared to those fed the Control. In conclusion, the inclusion of 750 ppm of a bioactive olive pomace extract from Olea europaea in broiler chicken diets improved animal growth likely as result of its anti-inflammatory properties

Salinomycin and virginiamycin for lactating cows supplemented on pasture

Animals on pasture generally show higher feed efficiency as a result of the use of antibiotics. This study evaluated the effect of the antimicrobials salinomycin and/or virginiamycin on production and the ruminal parameters of supplemented dairy cows grazing on Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania. Twelve Holstein/Zebu multiparous cows were used, distributed in three Latin squares, one for the evaluation of ruminal parameters, and the others for production parameters. Cows on pasture were fed 50 % of their estimated intake with corn silage and concentrate supplements containing salinomycin, virginiamycin or a combination of additives, in doses of 120 and 150 mg kg−1, respectively. There were no differences in milk production and composition, energy and nitrogen balance, dry matter digestibility and feeding behavior. However, salinomycin and virginiamycin each reduced pasture and total dry matter intake by about 14 % and 10 %, with a consequent improvement in feed efficiency

Metabolismo de nutrientes em ovinos alimentados com casca de soja em substituição ao feno de coastcross

O objetivo neste experimento foi avaliar os efeitos da substituição do feno de coastcross (Cynodon sp.) por casca de soja sobre a digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes, os parâmetros ruminais e o metabolismo de nitrogênio. Dezesseis borregos (PV = 40,0±5 kg) foram individualmente alojados em gaiolas metálicas para ensaio de metabolismo em delineamento experimental do tipo blocos completos casualizados. O experimento teve duração de 14 dias, sendo 10 dias para adaptação dos animais às rações experimentais e 4 para coleta das amostras. Os animais foram alimentados com dietas compostas de 50% de volumoso e 50% de concentrado com mesmo teor de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN). A casca de soja substituiu o feno de coastcross em 0, 33, 67 ou 100% da matéria seca. Os teores de casca de soja na dieta tiveram efeito quadrático sobre os consumos de matéria seca e FDN. Contudo, observou-se aumento da digestibilidade da MS e FDN, enquanto a concentração de ácidos graxos de cadeia curta, acetato e propionato não se alteraram e o pH ruminal e a concentração de N-amoniacal diminuíram. A substituição parcial do feno de coastcross por casca de soja aumenta o consumo de matéria seca e diminui o pH ruminal sem prejudicar a digestibilidade da MS e FDN.The objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of replacing coastcross hay (Cynodon sp.) by soybean hulls on nutrient apparent digestibility, ruminal measures and nitrogen metabolism. Sixteen ram lambs (40±5 kg of body weight) were housed individually in metabolism crates and assigned to a randomized completely block design. The experimental period consisted of 14 days; the first 10 days were used to adapt lambs to treatments and 4 other days for data collection. Animals were fed diets containing 50% concentrate and 50% roughage, both with the same amount of neutral detergent fiber (NDF). Soybean hulls replaced coastcross hay by 0, 33, 67 or 100% in the dry matter. Dry matter (DM) intake and NDF showed quadratic effect when soybean hulls were added to the diet. However, DM and NDF digestibility increased, while short-chain fatty acids, acetate and propionate concentration did not change and ruminal pH and ammonia decreased. Partially replacing coastcross hay by soybean hulls increases DM intake and lowers ruminal pH without affecting DM or NDF digestibility