Longitudinal analysis of adolescent growth of ladino and Mayan school children in Guatemala: Effects of environment and sex

The rate of growth in height and the timing of adolescent growth events are analyzed for two samples of Guatemalan children. One sample includes Mayan school children, 33 boys and 12 girls between the ages of 5.00 to 17.99 years, living under poor conditions for growth and development. The second sample includes ladino children, 78 boys and 85 girls of the same age range, living under favorable conditions for growth. The Preece-Baines model I function is used to estimate mean values for rates and timing of childhood and adolescent growth events for the two groups. Significant statistical contrasts (t-tests) of these means show Mayan boys reach the age of “take-off” (TO; the onset of the adolescent growth spurt) 1.45 years later, achieve peak height velocity (PHV) 1.68 years later, and continue growing for about 2.0 years longer than do the ladino boys. Despite the Mayan boys' increased duration for growth they grow significantly more slowly than the ladinos . Mayan boys are 6.60 cm shorter than ladinos at the age of TO and are estimated to be 7.71 cm shorter than the ladinos at adulthood. Mayan girls reach the age of TO 0.93 years later than do the ladina girls, but the two groups do not differ in the age at PHV or the age at adulthood. The mean height of Mayan girls is significantly less than that of ladinas at the age of TO (6.5 cm), and this difference increases to an estimated 11.14 cm at adulthood. Possible causes of these ethnic and sex-related differences in amounts and rates of growth are discussed in relation to hypotheses about the genetic and environmental determinants of human development. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/37659/1/1330890406_ftp.pd

Longitudinal growth in height, weight, and bone age of Guatemalan Ladino and Indian schoolchildren

Three longitudinal samples of Guatemalan schoolchildren are compared for amounts and rates of growth in height, weight, and bone age. The samples include children of two ethnic backgrounds: Ladinos, Spanish-speaking people of, generally, Western cultural orientation; and Indians, people of Mayan cultural descent. The Indians are of very low socioeconomic status (SES) and attend a public school in a rural village. The Ladinos come from two SES groups living in Guatemala City, one of high SES attending a private school and the other of low SES attending a public school. Graphical and statistical analyses show that for all samples of boys and girls there are generally, significant differences between samples (high SES>low SES>Indian) for amounts of growth in height, weight, and bone age. Boys show significant differences in rates of growth between samples, with the high SES sample growing more rapidly than the two low SES samples. Girls show significant differences in the rate of growth in height, but not in the rate of growth in weight or bone age. For Both boys and girls, rates of growth in height and weight differ more between samples than does rate of Skeltal development. These results demonstrate that (1) SES-related deficits in growth are cumulative during childhood and early adolescence, that (2) rates of growth for boys are, generally, more sensitive to the influence of SES than are the growth rates of girls, and that (3) childhood growth deficits of low SES children of low SES children are likely to carry over into adulthood.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/38538/1/1310010115_ftp.pd

Recommendations for healthy eating during COVID-19

Since its appearance, there is more and more evidence about the effects of coronavirus infection. SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) in the human body and its health. At the moment the information is available epidemiological reported in different countries that glimpses aspects related to more populations vulnerable to COVID-19 and the food insecurity that can result from the pandemic and the cadres Clinical presented in people who have been infected by this virus.Desde su aparecimiento cada vez existe mas evidencia sobre los efectos de la infección del coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) en el cuerpo humano y su salud. Al momento se cuenta con la información epidemiológica reportada en distintos países que vislumbra aspectos relacionados a poblaciones más vulnerables al COVID-19 y a la inseguridad alimentaria que puede derivar de la pandemia y los cuadros clínicos presentados en personas que han sido infectadas por este virus

Recommendations for healthy eating during COVID-19

Since its appearance, there is more and more evidence about the effects of coronavirus infection. SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) in the human body and its health. At the moment the information is available epidemiological reported in different countries that glimpses aspects related to more populations vulnerable to COVID-19 and the food insecurity that can result from the pandemic and the cadres Clinical presented in people who have been infected by this virus.Desde su aparecimiento cada vez existe mas evidencia sobre los efectos de la infección del coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) en el cuerpo humano y su salud. Al momento se cuenta con la información epidemiológica reportada en distintos países que vislumbra aspectos relacionados a poblaciones más vulnerables al COVID-19 y a la inseguridad alimentaria que puede derivar de la pandemia y los cuadros clínicos presentados en personas que han sido infectadas por este virus