334 research outputs found
Macalester Challenge Program Press Conference 10/23/1963
Special press conference on 10/23/1963 at the Student Union about the Macalester Challenge Program. George Dayton, II, and DeWitt Wallace are featured speakers.
Reel #9
Pathologies of Neural Models Make Interpretations Difficult
One way to interpret neural model predictions is to highlight the most
important input features---for example, a heatmap visualization over the words
in an input sentence. In existing interpretation methods for NLP, a word's
importance is determined by either input perturbation---measuring the decrease
in model confidence when that word is removed---or by the gradient with respect
to that word. To understand the limitations of these methods, we use input
reduction, which iteratively removes the least important word from the input.
This exposes pathological behaviors of neural models: the remaining words
appear nonsensical to humans and are not the ones determined as important by
interpretation methods. As we confirm with human experiments, the reduced
examples lack information to support the prediction of any label, but models
still make the same predictions with high confidence. To explain these
counterintuitive results, we draw connections to adversarial examples and
confidence calibration: pathological behaviors reveal difficulties in
interpreting neural models trained with maximum likelihood. To mitigate their
deficiencies, we fine-tune the models by encouraging high entropy outputs on
reduced examples. Fine-tuned models become more interpretable under input
reduction without accuracy loss on regular examples.Comment: EMNLP 2018 camera read
Geological comparisons across the Norumbega Fault Zone, southwestern Maine
Guidebook for field trips in southwestern Maine: New England Intercollegiate Geological Conference, 78th annual meeting, Bates College, Lewiston, Maine, October 17, 18, and 19, 1986: Trip A-
A Comparison of 2009--2010 Curriculum Test Scores of Students Taught by Alternate Route and Traditional Route Teachers
There is an increase in the popularity of alternative certification programs; however, some administrators are still reluctant to hire these graduates to teach within their schools. With the shortage of certified teachers in Mississippi, some school districts have no choice but to hire alternatively certified teachers. The purpose of this quantitative study was to determine if students taught by teachers trained in alternative teaching programs had significantly different changes in language arts scores on the Mississippi Curriculum Test 2 nd edition, as compared to fellow students who were taught by teachers trained in traditional teaching programs. Scores from the 2008--2009 Mississippi Curriculum Test 2nd edition were used for base line data. Scores from the 2009--2010 Mississippi Curriculum Test 2 nd edition were used to determine what degree of growth had taken place. The results were analyzed by using the educational software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) to conduct independent t tests. Data are presented using descriptive statistics. Results of the t tests confirmed that students taught by both types of teachers had some degree of success. Seventh grade students who were taught by traditional route teachers showed the greatest amount of growth difference. With the continuing debate over teaching certification programs, studies such as this can help create social change by providing statistical evidence of the effectiveness shown by teachers certified through both programs. School officials can use these results to help in making hiring decisions of potential teacher candidates. The end result is to provide students with the best possible teacher regardless of certification type
A Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Lyase Mutation Associated With Congenital Nephrotic Syndrome and Multiple Endocrinopathy.
Background: Loss of function mutations in SGPL1 are associated with Sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase insufficiency syndrome, comprising steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome, and primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) in the majority of cases. SGPL1 encodes sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase (SGPL1) which is a major modulator of sphingolipid signaling. Case Presentation: A Pakistani male infant presented at 5 months of age with failure to thrive, nephrotic syndrome, primary adrenal insufficiency, hypothyroidism, and hypogonadism. Other systemic manifestations included persistent lymphopenia, ichthyosis, and motor developmental delay. Aged 9 months, he progressed rapidly into end stage oligo-anuric renal failure and subsequently died. Sanger sequencing of the entire coding region of SGPL1 revealed the novel association of a rare homozygous mutation (chr10:72619152, c.511A>G, p.N171D; MAF-1.701e-05) with the condition. Protein expression of the p.N171D mutant was markedly reduced compared to SGPL1 wild type when overexpressed in an SGPL1 knockout cell line, and associated with a severe clinical phenotype. Conclusions: The case further highlights the emerging phenotype of patients with loss-of-function SGPL1 mutations. Whilst nephrotic syndrome is a recognized feature of other disorders of sphingolipid metabolism, sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase insufficiency syndrome is unique amongst the sphingolipidoses in presenting with multiple endocrinopathies. Given the multi-systemic and progressive nature of this form of PAI/ nephrotic syndrome, a genetic diagnosis is crucial for optimal management and appropriate screening for comorbidities in these patients
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