15 research outputs found
Comprehensive evaluation of smoking exposures and their interactions on DNA methylation
This is the author accepted manuscript.Data Sharing Statement:
Data from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study and the Medical Birth Registry of
Norway used in this study are managed by the national health register holders in Norway (Norwegian
Institute of public health) and can be made available to researchers, provided approval from the
Regional Committees for Medical and Health Research Ethics (REC), compliance with the EU General
Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and approval from the data owners. The consent given by the
participants does not open for storage of data on an individual level in repositories or journals.
Researchers who want access to data sets for replication should apply through helsedata.no. Access to
data sets requires approval from The Regional Committee for Medical and Health Research Ethics in
Norway and an agreement with MoBa. Access to the START data is available upon application to the
Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH). An application form in English can be found at the NIPH
website (http://www.fhi.no/en/). Questions regarding the START cohort can be directed to Siri HĂ„berg
([email protected]).
Access to the ALHS is available upon request through the Agricultural Health Study Executive committee.
Interested parties will need to complete a data transfer agreement with NIEHS. Questions about the
ALHS can be directed to Stephanie London ([email protected]).
According to the terms of consent for GS participants, access to individual-level data (omics and
phenotypes) must be reviewed by the GS Access Committee. Applications should be made to
[email protected]. Guidance on the Generation Scotland Access Process and Policy can be
found here: https://www.ed.ac.uk/generation-scotland/using-resources/access-to-resources
Understanding Society data are available through the UK Data Service (https://ukdataservice.ac.uk/).
Access to the Biobank-Based Integrative Omics Studies (BIOS) is available upon request. RNA-seq, DNA
methylation, sex, age and cell count data can be requested and downloaded from the European
Genome-phenome Archive (EGA), accession EGAS00001001077. An application form in English can be
found at the BBMRI website: https://www.bbmri.nl/acquisition-use-analyze/biosBackground: Smoking impacts DNA methylation, but data are lacking on smoking-related differential
methylation by sex or dietary intake, recent smoking cessation (<1 year), persistence of differential
methylation from in utero smoking exposure, and effects of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS).
Methods: We meta-analysed data from up to 15,014 adults across 5 cohorts with DNA methylation
measured in blood using Illuminaâs EPIC array for current smoking (2,560 exposed), quit <1 year (500
exposed), in utero (286 exposed), and ETS exposure (676 exposed). We also evaluated the interaction of
current smoking with sex or diet (fibre, folate, and vitamin C).
Findings: Using false discovery rate (FDR<0.05), 65,857 CpGs were differentially methylated in relation
to current smoking, 4,025 with recent quitting, 594 with in utero exposure, and 6 with ETS. Most current
smoking CpGs attenuated within a year of quitting. CpGs related to in utero exposure in adults were
enriched for those previously observed in newborns. Differential methylation by current smoking at 4-71
CpGs may be modified by sex or dietary intake. Nearly half (35-50%) of differentially methylated CpGs
on the 450K array were associated with blood gene expression. Current smoking and in utero smoking
CpGs implicated 3,049 and 1,067 druggable targets, including chemotherapy drugs.
Interpretation: Many smoking-related methylation sites were identified with Illuminaâs EPIC array. Most
signals revert to levels observed in never smokers within a year of cessation. Many in utero smoking
CpGs persist into adulthood. Smoking-related druggable targets may provide insights into cancer
treatment response and shared mechanisms across smoking-related diseases.Norwegian Ministry of Health and Care ServicesMinistry of Education and ResearchResearch Council of NorwayNational Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health SciencesNational Cancer Institut
Genetic studies of body mass index yield new insights for obesity biology
Based on fieldwork in Trento, Italy, this paper investigates the process of playlisting in three commercial radio stations, illustrating the implicit and explicit norms that define this process. I call special attention to DJs and their activity of mediation between music makers and their audience â an activity that includes the choice and the manipulation of musical material for precise communicative goals. It is my aim to show how the definition of what is appropriate for the playlist, which I define as âplaylist valueâ, is subject to different kinds of constraints. Among these, on the one hand we find more pressing structural restrictions from advertisers, music labels and functional features of the radio; on the other hand, we find less urgent, and yet just as effective cultural constraints, that push DJs to adjust their playlists to those of national network