Religiosity, spirituality in relation to disordered eating and body image concerns: A systematic review

OBJECTIVE: This systematic review aims to critically examine the existing literature that has reported on the links between aspects of religiosity, spirituality and disordered eating, psychopathology and body image concerns. METHOD: A systematic search of online databases (PsycINFO, Medline, Embase and Web of Science) was conducted in December 2014. A search protocol was designed to identify relevant articles that quantitatively explored the relationship between various aspects of religiosity and/or spirituality and disordered eating, psychopathology and/or body image concerns in non-clinical samples of women and men. RESULTS: Twenty-two studies were identified to have matched the inclusion criteria. Overall, the main findings to emerge were that strong and internalised religious beliefs coupled with having a secure and satisfying relationship with God were associated with lower levels of disordered eating, psychopathology and body image concern. Conversely, a superficial faith coupled with a doubtful and anxious relationship with God were associated with greater levels of disordered eating, psychopathology and body image concern. DISCUSSION: While the studies reviewed have a number of evident limitations in design and methodology, there is sufficient evidence to make this avenue of enquiry worth pursuing. It is hoped that the direction provided by this review will lead to further investigation into the protective benefits of religiosity and spirituality in the development of a clinical eating disorder. Thus a stronger evidence base can then be utilised in developing community awareness and programs which reduce the risk

Critérios diagnósticos para os transtornos alimentares: conceitos em evolução Diagnostic criteria for eating disorders: evolving concepts

O presente artigo apresenta o "estado de arte" da discussão acerca dos critérios diagnósticos atuais dos transtornos alimentares: Anorexia Nervosa (AN), Bulimia Nervosa (BN) e Transtorno da Compulsão Alimentar Periódica (TCAP). Dentre os aspectos controversos da AN, destacam-se: a concepção da distorção de imagem corporal, a necessidade da presença de amenorréia para o diagnóstico e a possibilidade de manifestação de AN sem seu aspecto característico, o medo de engordar, em culturas não ocidentalizadas. Quanto à BN, discute-se especialmente a concepção de compulsão alimentar sua freqüência e duração necessárias para o diagnóstico. O artigo apresenta também os critérios sugeridos para o diagnóstico de TCAP e comenta sua difícil distinção com a BN não purgativa. As questões aqui discutidas possibilitarão o aprimoramento da nosologia da área.<br>This article presents the "the state of art" of the discussion over the current diagnostic criteria for eating disorders: Anorexia Nervosa (AN), Bulimia Nervosa (BN) and Binge-Eating Disorder (BED). Within the controversial aspects of AN, it is outlined: the conception of body image disturbance, the necessity of amenorrhea fpr the diagnosis and the possibility of AN without its characteristic aspect, the morbid fear of weight, in not Westernized cultures. For BN, it is specially discussed the conception of binge-eating and the frequency and duration of episodes necessary for the diagnosis. The article also presents the suggested criteria for BED diagnosis and comments on its difficult distinction from non-purging BN . The issues here discussed shall improve the nosology in the field