FATTI ILLECITI E «IRREGOLARITA'» NEI PROCEDIMENTI ADOTTIVI

La ricerca si propone di approfondire il tema delle “irregolarità” nelle procedure di adozione internazionale. Questa espressione è utilizzata dalla normativa nazionale di settore, con particolare riferimento all’attività degli enti autorizzati allo svolgimento delle procedure di adozione di minori stranieri. Con questo elaborato si è cercato di ricostruire una nozione di “irregolarità” più ampia di quella presente nella legislazione vigente, privilegiando un approccio interdisciplinare. Lo scritto si apre con una prospettiva storica delle “irregolarità”, ovvero della morfologia che esse hanno assunto nel corso del tempo, in relazione alla disciplina vigente nel nostro Paese a partire dagli anni Sessanta del secolo scorso. Il cuore dell’elaborato è dato dalla presentazione delle “irregolarità”, comprendenti sia alcune illiceità di natura penale ed amministrativa che le criticità della prassi. Chiude l’indagine l’illustrazione di alcune buone pratiche di prevenzione delle “irregolarità” nelle procedure di adozione internazionale e di proposte de iure condendo della disciplina vigente. Particolare attenzione è stata posta al tema della riforma dei delitti in materia di adozione, disposizioni rimaste sostanzialmente disapplicate dagli anni Ottanta ad oggi.The research aims to delve into “irregularities” in the procedures of the International adoption. The previous mentioned phrase is used in the National specific provisions in reference to activities carried out by accredited bodies, entitled to apply adoption procedures of foreign minors. The thesis is an attempt to reconstruct a broader notion of “irregularity” than those one in the legislation in force, favoring an interdisciplinary approach. Firstly, the dissertation offers an historical perspective on “irregularities”, or rather upon the morphology which they have assumed for years, referring to the discipline which has been in force in Italy since the Sixties of the Twentieth Century. The gist of the thesis is the presentation of such “irregularities”, including both some criminal, administrative, unlawfulness and criticality in standard procedures. Finally, the research presents some good practices in order to prevent such “irregularities” in the International adoption procedures, as well as some de iure condendo proposals of the legislation in force. A specific attention has been paid to the matter of the reform of crimes of adoption, or rather disposals that basically has ceased to be applied since Eighties in the Twentieth Century

An Untargeted Metabolomic Comparison of Milk Composition from Sheep Kept Under Dierent Grazing Systems

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different feedings on main traits and polar and semi-polar metabolite profiles of ovine milk. The milk metabolome of two groups of Sarda sheep kept under different grazing systems were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and multivariate statistical analysis (MVA). The results of discriminant analysis indicated that the two groups showed a different metabolite profile, i.e., milk samples of sheep kept under Grazing System 1 (GS1) were richer in nucleosides, inositols, hippuric acid, and organic acids, while milk of sheep under Grazing System 2 (GS2) showed higher levels of phosphate. Statistical analysis of milk main traits indicates that fat content was significantly higher in GS1 samples while milk from GS2 sheep had more urea, trans-vaccenic acid, and rumenic acid. MVA studies of the associations between milk main traits and metabolite profile indicated that the latter reflects primarily the long chain fatty acid content, the somatic cell count (SCC), and lactose levels. All together, these results demonstrated that an integrated holistic approach could be applied to deepen knowledge about the effects of feeding on sheep’s milk composition

Ion Mobility–Mass Spectrometry Approach for the Comparison of Sheep and Goat Milk Lipidomes

In this work, we report an analytical procedure to investigate the lipid compositions of sheep and goat milk. This approach is based on an ion mobility-high-resolution mass spectrometric method to facilitate the identification of complex lipid species and their regiochemistry. A common triacylglycerol profile was observed for sheep and goat milk samples, while a higher abundance of medium-chain fatty acids was observed at the sn-2 position for sheep milk. Furthermore, differences can be also observed in the levels of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids at the sn-2 position. In terms of lipid classes, goat milk showed higher levels of triacylglycerols, phosphatidylinositols and ether-linked phosphatidylethanolamines, while sheep milk showed higher levels of free fatty acids, lysophosphatidylethanolamines, lysophosphocholines and non-hydroxy fatty acid-dihydrosphingosine ceramides when compared with goat milk

Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New 3-Phenyl-1-[(4-arylpiperazin-1-yl)alkyl]-piperidine-2,6-diones

A set of 13 alkyl derivatives of 3-phenylpiperidine-2,6-dione were synthesized. Newly obtained compounds were investigated in vitro against HIV-1 and other selected viruses. The benzyl 3f and fluorophenyl 3g derivatives showed moderate protection against CVB-2 and the compound 3g also against HSV-1. Derivatives were tested also for their antibacterial and antifungal activity. The molecular structures of 3a and 3d were determined by an X-ray analysis

Synthesis, cytotoxicity and antiviral evaluation of new series of imidazo[4,5-g]quinoline and pyrido[2,3-g]quinoxalinone derivatives

Linear aromatic N-tricyclic compounds with promising antiviral activity and minimal cytotoxicity were prepared and analyzed in the last years. Specifically, the pyrido[2,3-g]quinoxalinone nucleus was found endowed with high potency against several pathogenic RNA viruses as etiological agents of important veterinary and human pathologies. Following our research program on new antiviral agents we have designed, synthesized and assayed new series of imidazo[4,5-g]quinoline and pyrido[2,3-g]quinoxalinone derivatives. Lead compounds 1-4 were further modified to enhance their antiviral activity and reduce their cytotoxicity. Thus, different substituents were introduced on N atom at position 1 or the O atom at position 2 of the leads; contextually, several groups were inserted on the nitrogen atom at position 7 of diaminoquinoline intermediates. Title compounds were tested in cell-based assays for cytotoxicity and antiviral activity against RNA virus families containing single-stranded (either positive-sense (ssRNA+) or negative-sense (ssRNA-)), and double-stranded genomes (dsRNA), and against two representatives of DNA virus families. Some derivatives emerged as potential leads for further development as antiviral agents against some viruses of public health significance, such as RSV, Reo, BVDV and HCV. Particularly, compounds 4, 11b, 11c, 13c, 15a, 18 and 21 resulted active against BVDV at concentrations ranging from 1.3 to 5\ua0\u3bcM. Compound 21 was also evaluated for its activity on the BVDV RdRp. Compound 4 was also tested as potential anti-HCV compound in a subgenomic replication assay. Molecular simulation results provided a molecular rationale for the anti-BVDV activity of these compounds

Biological evaluation of 10-(diphenylmethylene)-4-azatricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec-8-ene-3,5-dione derivatives

AbstractAntibacterial and antifungal activity of 10-(diphenylmethylene)-4-azatricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec-8-ene-3,5-dione derivatives were examined by the disc-diffusion method (growth inhibition zone diameter in agar medium). The MIC's for the most active agents were determined. Title compounds were also evaluated in vitro against representatives of different virus classes. Most of the tested compounds exhibit activity against CVB-2 virus

Activity of Mannich bases of 7-hydroxycoumarin against Flaviviridae

Abstract-Some Mannich bases of 7-hydroxycoumarin (2) and their simple derivatives (3 and 4) were prepared and tested against viruses containing single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genomes (ssRNA + ). This study was directed toward Flaviviridae and, in particular, HCV surrogate viruses (BVDV, YFV). The 7-hydroxy derivatives 2 were generally devoid of activity, but when position 7 was propylated, the resulting 7-propyloxy derivatives 3 were in some cases endowed with an interesting activity against BVDV. The formation of 7-benzoyl derivatives 4 gave compounds generally lacking in activity against Flaviviridae, whereas the appearance of activity against RSV has been observed. Also some unsymmetrical methylene derivatives 5-7 (namely coumarins bridged to chromones or indoles) were found moderately active in antiviral tests. Derivatives 3 were submitted to a molecular modeling study using DNA polymerase of HCV as a target. The good correlation between calculated molecular modeling IC 50 and experimental EC 50 indicates that DNA polymerase is potentially involved in the inhibition of surrogate HCV viruses

Cross sectional evaluation of the gut-microbiome metabolome axis in an Italian cohort of IBD patients.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract of uncertain origin, which includes ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). The composition of gut microbiota may change in IBD affected individuals, but whether dysbiosis is the cause or the consequence of inflammatory processes in the intestinal tissue is still unclear. Here, the composition of the microbiota and the metabolites in stool of 183 subjects (82 UC, 50 CD, and 51 healthy controls) were determined. The metabolites content and the microbiological profiles were significantly different between IBD and healthy subjects. In the IBD group, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, and Fusobacteria were significantly increased, whereas Bacteroidetes and Cyanobacteria were decreased. At genus level Escherichia, Faecalibacterium, Streptococcus, Sutterella and Veillonella were increased, whereas Bacteroides, Flavobacterium, and Oscillospira decreased. Various metabolites including biogenic amines, amino acids, lipids, were significantly increased in IBD, while others, such as two B group vitamins, were decreased in IBD compared to healthy subjects. This study underlines the potential role of an inter-omics approach in understanding the metabolic pathways involved in IBD. The combined evaluation of metabolites and fecal microbiome can be useful to discriminate between healthy subjects and patients with IBD

Genome of Herbaspirillum seropedicae Strain SmR1, a Specialized Diazotrophic Endophyte of Tropical Grasses

The molecular mechanisms of plant recognition, colonization, and nutrient exchange between diazotrophic endophytes and plants are scarcely known. Herbaspirillum seropedicae is an endophytic bacterium capable of colonizing intercellular spaces of grasses such as rice and sugar cane. The genome of H. seropedicae strain SmR1 was sequenced and annotated by The Paraná State Genome Programme—GENOPAR. The genome is composed of a circular chromosome of 5,513,887 bp and contains a total of 4,804 genes. The genome sequence revealed that H. seropedicae is a highly versatile microorganism with capacity to metabolize a wide range of carbon and nitrogen sources and with possession of four distinct terminal oxidases. The genome contains a multitude of protein secretion systems, including type I, type II, type III, type V, and type VI secretion systems, and type IV pili, suggesting a high potential to interact with host plants. H. seropedicae is able to synthesize indole acetic acid as reflected by the four IAA biosynthetic pathways present. A gene coding for ACC deaminase, which may be involved in modulating the associated plant ethylene-signaling pathway, is also present. Genes for hemagglutinins/hemolysins/adhesins were found and may play a role in plant cell surface adhesion. These features may endow H. seropedicae with the ability to establish an endophytic life-style in a large number of plant species